HKUST Spring 2022 Tutorial 02

Reinforced Concrete Design

[CIVL 3320]

Teaching Assistant: Shihao XIAO

sxiaoai@connect.ust.hk

Course Instructor: Elias DIMITRAKOPOULOS

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
1
 outline

structural analysis
examples

2
structural analysis

3
structural analysis

4
 structural analysis
load combinations

the arrangement of loads that gives the most severe effect.

design ultimate load: the structure is safe
1. dead load + imposed load under the worst loading

1.4Gk  1.6Qk
1.0Gk for minimum
design dead load
2. dead load + wind load
1.0Gk  1.4Wk or 1.4Gk  1.4Wk

3. dead load + imposed load + wind load

1.2Gk  1.2Qk  1.2Wk

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 structural analysis
load combinations
• loading arrangement for maximum sagging moment
at spans AB and CD (symmetric beam):

A D
B C
Continuous Beam Influence Lines
1.4

How?  1.2
1
Influence lines 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-0.2

beneficial effect
adverse effect adverse effect
1.0Gk
1.4Gk  1.6Qk 1.4Gk  1.6Qk

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 structural analysis
load combinations

how many load combinations?  number of critical scenarios

(maximum stresses at each cross-section)

• maximum moments at spans

• maximum moments at supports
• maximum reactions at supports
• maximum shear forces at supports
• moments at a point within a span (not typical) – no new load combinations
needed

A D
B C

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 structural analysis
load combinations
how many load combinations?  number of critical scenarios
(maximum stresses at each cross-section)

• Mmax at supports  γGGk at all spans and γQQk at any two adjacent spans

• Mmax at spans  γGGk at all spans and γQQk at any two alternate spans

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 structural analysis
bending moment and shear force envelopes

derived from the bending moment and shear force diagrams

for all load combinations

to calculate shear forces and moments diagrams you can:

• draw the diagrams using the procedures learned in previous structures courses
• using software
(SAP2000 or an online calculator, e.g. https://structural-analyser.com)
• using the HKConcrete2013 guideline – clause 6.1.2.3 – Table 6.1

Provisions for continuous beams

• variation in span length does not exceed 15% of the longest span
(HKConcrete2013 – clause 6.1.2.3)
• imposed load 𝑘 may not exceed dead load (HKConcrete2013 – clause 6.1.2.3)

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 outline

summary
examples

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 structural analysis Lecture note 03
(see Slide 11)
example 1

• draw the bending moment and shear force envelopes of the following three-
span beam for dead load Gk = 47.6 kN/m and live load Qk = 45 kN/m:

Gk = 47.6 kN/m, Qk = 45.0 kN/m

A D
B C
5m 5m 5m

11
 structural analysis
example 1
, ,

138.7 kN/m due to symmetry load combinations

47.6 kN/m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk • 3 combinations are
A enough in this case
D
MABmax B MBCmin C MCDmax

138.7 kN/m
47.6 kN/m
1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk
A
D
B C
MABmin MBCmax MCDmin

138.7 kN/m 138.7 kN/m

47.6 kN/m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk
A D
B C
MBmax, VBmax
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 structural analysis
example 1
bending moment diagram envelope
stack the bending moment diagrams for 3 Load Combinations:
1. Mmax at spans AB, CD
2. Mmax at span BC
3. Mmax at support B
4. Mmax at support C
(= bending moment diagram of Mmax at support B flipped)
(similar procedure for the shear force diagram envelope)

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 structural analysis
example 1
structural analysis (M and V values) from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

keep in mind that this method less accurate

because it is a simplification!

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 structural analysis
example 1

obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

first, we compute the total design load on a span, :

using the recommended values according to the Table (and the figure above):

, ,

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 structural analysis
example 1

obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

first, we compute the total design load on a span, :

using the recommended values according to the Table (and the figure above):

, ,
, ,
, ,

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 structural analysis
example 1 bending moment diagram envelope

𝑀B,max = −384.67kNm(-381.3kNm) 𝑀C,max = −384.67kNm(-381.3kNm)

• bending moment
𝑀BC,min diagram envelope
= −84.11kNm

𝑀BC,max = 200.57kNm(242.6kNm)

𝑀AB,max = 323.35kNm (311.9 kNm) 𝑀CD,max = 323.35kNm (311.9 kNm)

𝐶 = 423.68kN(423.68kN)
• shear force
𝐵 = 384.7kN(381.3kN)
𝐴 , = 300.18kN(311.94kN) diagram envelope
• the numbers in
parentheses come
B C
A D from HKConcrete2013,
Table 6.1

𝐷 , = −300.18kN(−311.94kN)
𝐵 = −423.68kN(−415.9kN) 𝐶 = −384.7kN(−381.3kN)
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 structural analysis
example 1

bending moment diagram envelope - summary

Maximum Moment (kNm) Maximum Shear (kN)

𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑉 𝑉 , 𝑉, 𝑉, 𝑉 , 𝑉
LC 1 0 323.35 323.35 0 300.18 300.18
LC 2 0 200.57 0
LC 3 0 -384.67 -384.67 0 -423.68 384.7 384.7 -423.68
HKC2013 0 311.9 -381.3 242.6 -381.3 311.9 0 311.94 -415.9 381.3 381.3 -415.9 311.94

Gk = 47.6 kN/m, Qk = 45.0 kN/m

A D
B C
5m 5m 5m

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 structural analysis
example 2

draw the bending moment envelope of the following four-span beam for
dead load Gk = 25 kN/m and imposed load Qk = 15 kN/m:

Gk = 25 kN/m, Qk = 15 kN/m
A E
B C D
5m 5m 5m 5m

poll: Load combinations

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 structural analysis
example 2

maximum moments at spans

1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59 kN m
25kN m 25kN m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk
A E
B C D
Mmax at span Mmax at span

1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m

25kN m 25kN m
1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
A E
B C D
Mmax at span Mmax at span

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 structural analysis
example 2

maximum moments at supports

1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m

25kN m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
A E
B C D
Mmax, Vmax at support

symmetric for support D

1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59 kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m
25kN m 25kN m

1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk

A E
B C D
Mmax, Vmax at support

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 structural analysis
example 2
• shear and bending moment diagrams ( 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at spans AB and CD)
1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m
25kN m 25kN m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk
A E
B C D

[M]

[V]

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 structural analysis
example 2
• shear and bending moment diagrams ( 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at spans BC and DE)
1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m
25kN m 25kN m
1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
A E
B C D

[M]

[V]

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 structural analysis
example 2
• shear and bending moment diagrams ( 𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at support B)
1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m
25kN m
1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
A E
B C D

[M]

[V]

symmetric for support D

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 structural analysis
example 2

• shear and bending moment diagrams ( 𝑚𝑎𝑥 and 𝑚𝑎𝑥 at support C)

1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m 1.4Gk  1.6Qk  59kN m
25kN m 25kN m
1.0Gk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.4Gk+1.6Qk 1.0Gk
A E
B C D

[M]

[V]

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 structural analysis
example 2

obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

keep in mind that this method less accurate

because it is a simplification!
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 structural analysis
example 2
obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

first, we compute the total design load on a span, :

poll: what is the value of , , , , ?

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 structural analysis
example 2
obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

using the recommended values according to the Table:

, ,

, ,
,

poll: what is the value of , , , , ?

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 structural analysis
example 2
obtaining from M and V from HKConcrete2013, Table 6.1

using the recommended values according to the Table:

, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
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 structural analysis
example 2
bending moment diagram envelope
superimpose the bending moment diagrams for 4 Load Combinations:
1. Mmax at spans AB, DE
2. Mmax at spans BC, CD
3. Mmax at supports B, D
4. Mmax at support C
(= bending moment diagram of Mmax at support B flipped)
(similar procedure for the shear force diagram envelope)
-169.4 kNm (-162.3 kNm) -135.71kNm (-118 kNm) -169.4 kNm (-162.3 kNm)

-14.65 kNm -14.65 kNm

90.98 kNm (103.3kNm) 90.98 kNm (103.3kNm)

132 kNm (132.8 kNm) 132 kNm (132.8 kNm)

numbers in parentheses come from HKConcrete2013

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 structural analysis
example 2
bending moment diagram envelope - summary

Maximum Moment (kNm)

𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀 𝑀
LC 1 0 132 - - - 90.98 - - 0
LC 2 0 - - 90.98 - - - 132 0
LC 3 0 - -169.4 - - - -169.4 - 0
LC4 0 - - - -135.71 - - - 0
HKC2013 0 132.8 -162.3 103.3 -118 103.3 -162.3 132.8 0

Maximum Shear (kN)

𝑉 𝑉, 𝑉, 𝑉, 𝑉, 𝑉 , 𝑉 , 𝑉
LC 1 125 - - - - - - -125
LC 2 - - - - - - - -
LC 3 - -181.38 169.41 - - -169.41 181.38 -
LC4 - - - -155.18 155.18 - - -
HKC2013 132.8 -177 162.3 -162.3 162.3 -162.3 177 -132.8

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any questions?

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