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    Assignment # 04 1

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    Assignment # 04 1

    Uploaded by

    amnaamin305
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    5 views4 pages

    Assignment # 04 1

    Uploaded by

    amnaamin305

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Assignment # 04

    Course : ADP ( AF )

    Subject : English - 1

    Topic : Pronoun & its Types

    Submitted to : Mam Saba

    Submitted by : Ayan Riaz


    Pronouns
    Pronouns are a major subclass of nouns. We call them a subclass of
    nouns because they can sometimes replace a noun in a sentence:

    Noun Pronoun
    John got a new job ~He got a new job
    Children should watch less ~They should watch less
    television television

    In these examples the pronouns have the same reference as the


    nouns which they replace. In each case, they refer to people, and so
    we call them PERSONAL PRONOUNS. However, we also include in
    this group the pronoun it, although this pronoun does not usually refer
    to a person. There are three personal pronouns, and each has a
    singular and a plural form:

    Person Singular Plural


    1st I we
    2nd you you
    3rd he/she/it they

    These pronouns also have another set of forms, which we show


    here:

    Person Singular Plural


    1st me us
    2nd you you
    3rd him/her/it them

    The first set of forms (I, you, he...) exemplifies the SUBJECTIVE
    CASE, and the second set (me, you, him...) exemplifies the
    OBJECTIVE CASE. The distinction between the two cases relates to
    how they can be used in sentences. For instance, in our first example
    above, we say that he can replace John

    John got a new job ~He got a new job

    But he cannot replace John in I gave John a new job. Here, we have
    to use the objective form him: I gave him a new job.

    Other Types of Pronoun


    As well as personal pronouns, there are many other types, which we
    summarise here.

    Pronoun Members of the


    Example
    Type Subclass
    Possessiv mine, yours, his, hers, ours,
    The white car is mine
    e theirs

    myself, yourself, himself,


    herself, itself, oneself, He injured himself playing
    Reflexive
    ourselves, yourselves, football
    themselves

    Reciprocal each other, one another They really hate each other

    Relative that, which, who, whose, The book that you gave me
    whom, where, when was really boring

    Demonstr
    this, that, these, those This is a new car
    ative
    Interrogati who, what, why, where,
    What did he say to you?
    ve when, whatever

    Indefinite anything, anybody, anyone,


    something, somebody, There's something in my
    someone, nothing, nobody, shoe
    none, no one

    Case and number distinctions do not apply to all pronoun types. In fact, they
    apply only to personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns.
    It is only in these types, too, that gender differences are shown
    (personal he/she, possessive his/hers, reflexive himself/herself). All other
    types are unvarying in their form.

    Many of the pronouns listed above also belong to another word class - the
    class of determiners. They are pronouns when they occur independently, that
    is, without a noun following them, as in This is a new car. But when a noun
    follows them - This car is new - they are determiners. We will look at
    determiners in the next section.

    A major difference between pronouns and nouns generally is that pronouns do


    not take the or a/an before them. Further, pronouns do not take adjectives
    before them, except in very restricted constructions involving some indefinite
    pronouns (a little something, a certain someone).

    While the class of nouns as a whole is an open class, the subclass of pronouns
    is closed.

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