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    PRONOUNS

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    a_j_sanyal
    Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. There are several types of pronouns: 1) Personal pronouns indicate person and number and have subjective, objective, and possessive forms. 2) Demonstrative pronouns point out nouns and can function as determiners or qualifiers. 3) Reflexive/intensive pronouns reflect or intensify nouns, and cannot replace personal pronouns. 4) Indefinite pronouns refer to unspecified persons or things, and have singular, plural, and non-count/count usages. 5) Interrogative pronouns are used to ask information questions. 6

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    PRONOUNS

    Uploaded by

    a_j_sanyal
    40 views10 pages
    Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. There are several types of pronouns: 1) Personal pronouns indicate person and number and have subjective, objective, and possessive forms. 2) Demonstrative pronouns point out nouns and can function as determiners or qualifiers. 3) Reflexive/intensive pronouns reflect or intensify nouns, and cannot replace personal pronouns. 4) Indefinite pronouns refer to unspecified persons or things, and have singular, plural, and non-count/count usages. 5) Interrogative pronouns are used to ask information questions. 6

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    Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. There are several types of pronouns: 1) Personal pronouns indicate person and number and have subjective, objective, and possessive forms. 2) Demonstrative pronouns point out nouns and can function as determiners or qualifiers. 3) Reflexive/intensive pronouns reflect or intensify nouns, and cannot replace personal pronouns. 4) Indefinite pronouns refer to unspecified persons or things, and have singular, plural, and non-count/count usages. 5) Interrogative pronouns are used to ask information questions. 6

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views10 pages

    PRONOUNS

    Uploaded by

    a_j_sanyal
    Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. There are several types of pronouns: 1) Personal pronouns indicate person and number and have subjective, objective, and possessive forms. 2) Demonstrative pronouns point out nouns and can function as determiners or qualifiers. 3) Reflexive/intensive pronouns reflect or intensify nouns, and cannot replace personal pronouns. 4) Indefinite pronouns refer to unspecified persons or things, and have singular, plural, and non-count/count usages. 5) Interrogative pronouns are used to ask information questions. 6

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    PRONOUNS

    Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns.

    Every pronoun must have a clear antecedent (the word for which the pronoun stands).

    KINDS OF PRONOUNS

                             

    A.   Personal Pronouns:  
                 

                 

    SINGULAR PLURAL
    subjective objective possessive subjective objective possessive

    1st person I me my, mine we us our, ours

    2nd person you you your, yours you you your, yours

    3rd person he him his they them their, theirs


    she her her,  hers  

    it it its
                     

                

    Personal pronouns have the following characteristics:


               
    1.  three persons (points of view)

           1st person - the one(s) speaking  (I  me my  mine  we  us our ours) 
           2nd person - the one(s) spoken to  (you your yours)
           3rd person - the one(s) spoken about  (he  him  his  she her hers  it  its  they  their 
    theirs) 

              Examples
              

    2.  three genders

           feminine  (she  her  hers)


           masculine (he  him  his)
           neuter  (it its  they them their theirs) 

              Examples
              
     

    3.  two numbers

           singular (I  me  my  mine  you  your  yours  he  him  his  she  her  hers it its)
           plural  (we  us  our  ours  you  your yours  they  them  their  theirs) 

              Examples

              

     
    4.  three cases
          subjective (I  you  he  she  it  we  they)
          possessive  (my  mine  your  yours  his  her  hers  our  ours  their  theirs)
          objective   (me  you  him  her  it  us  them)

               Examples - subjective case


     
               Examples - possessive case

                  

               Examples - objective case


           

       NOTE:  Because of pronoun case, the pronoun's form changes with its function in the
    sentence.  Follow this link to pronoun case for more information.

     
    B.      Demonstrative Pronouns:
                                 

                       
    Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as determiners.
                      

    Example:
                

    Hand me that hammer. (that describes the noun hammer)


                               

    Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers:


               

    Example:
             

    She wanted that much money? (that describes the adjective much)

                       

    C. Reflexive / Intensive Pronouns :  the "self" pronouns


             
                 

    These pronouns can be used only to reflect or intensify a word already there in the
    sentence.
                  

    Reflexive / intensive pronouns CANNOT REPLACE personal pronouns.


                            

    Examples:
                    

    I saw myself  in the mirror. (Myself is a reflexive pronoun, reflecting the pronoun I.)


                    

    I’ll do it myself. (Myself is an intensive pronoun, intensifying the pronoun I.)


                        

                        
    Note:  The following words are substandard and should not be used:
                              

                 theirselves       theirself          hisself         ourself
     

                          

                        

    D. Indefinite Pronouns:
                                

    Singular:
     

    one someone anyone no one everyone

    each somebody anybody nobody everybody

    (n)either something anything nothing everything


                      

                         

    Examples:
                                 

    Somebody is coming to dinner.


    Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

    Plural:     

    Examples:

    Both are expected at the airport at the same time.


    Several have suggested canceling the meeting.
    Singular with non-countables / Plural with countables:

    Examples:

    Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug.


    Some of the trees have been weakened by the storm.

    Indefinite pronouns use apostrophes to indicate possessive case.

    Examples:

    The accident is nobody’s fault.


    How will the roadwork affect one's daily commute?

    Some indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.

    one, each, either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, most

    Note the differences:

    Each person has a chance.

    (Each is a determiner describing person.)

    Each has a chance.

    (Each is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

    Both lawyers pled their cases well.

    (Both is a determiner describing  lawyers.)

    Both were in the room.

    (Both is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)


    E. Interrogative Pronouns:

    Interrogative pronouns produce information questions that require more than a “yes” or
    “no” answer.

    Examples:

    What do you want?

    Who is there?

    F. Relative Pronouns:

    Relative pronouns introduce relative (adjectival) clauses.

    Note: Use who, whom, and whose to refer to people.


    Use that and which to refer to things.

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