Task 3

TASK – 3
Virtual machine:
Virtual machines (VMs) allow a business to run an operating system that behaves like a
completely separate computer in an app window on a desktop.
A virtual machine is a computer file, typically called an image, that behaves like an actual
computer. It can run in a window as a separate computing environment, often to run a
different operating system—or even to function as the user's entire computer experience—as
is common on many people's work computers.
A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that functions as a virtual computer system
with its own CPU, memory, network interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware
system (located off- or on-premises).
Process to Create Virtual Machine using VMware Workstation:

Launch VMware Workstation.
Click New Virtual Machine.
Select the type of virtual machine you want to create and click Next: ...
Click Next.
Select your guest operating system (OS), then click Next. ...
Click Next.
Enter your Product Key.
Exporting and packaging an existing Virtual Machine into a portable format:

To export an existing virtual machine:
Shut down the virtual machine and close its tab in the Workstation interface.
Go to File > Import or Export.
In the wizard, set the type of source to Other.
Input the path to the virtual machine's .vmx configuration file.
You can reduce or increase the disk space as required.
To copy the virtual machine:
Shut down your virtual machine. ...
Select the folder where the virtual machine is stored and press Ctrl+c.
Select the location where you want to copy the virtual machine.
Press Ctrl+v. ...
Power on the copied virtual machine.
Short note on basic commands in Linux networking:

1. Linux networking commands are used extensively to inspect, analyze, maintain, and
troubleshoot the network/s connected to the system.
2. Let us first know the list of the basic networking commands used in Linux followed
by a detailed explanation of each.
3. ifconfig
4. ip
5. traceroute
6. tracepath
7. ping
8. netstat
9. ss
10. dig
11. nslookup
12. route
13. host
14. arp
15. iwconfig
16. hostname
17. curl or wget
18. mtr
19. whois
20. ifplugstatus
21. iftop
22. tcpdum
Linux ifconfig stands for interface configurator. It is one of the most basic commands used in
network inspection.
ifconfig is used to initialize an interface, configure it with an IP address, and enable or disable
it. It is also used to display the route and the network interface.
Basic information displayed upon using ifconfig are:
1. IP address
2. MAC address
3. MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit)
 To get all the details using ifconfig
This is the latest and updated version of ifconfig command.
Syntax:
1. ip a
2. ip addr
This command gives the details of all networks like ifconfig.
This command can also be used to get the details of a specific interface.
Linux traceroute is one of the most useful commands in networking. It is used to troubleshoot
the network. It detects the delay and determines the pathway to your target. It basically helps
in the following ways:
1. It provides the names and identifies every device on the path.

2. It follows the route to the destination
3. It determines where the network latency comes from and reports it.
Linux tracepath is similar to traceroute command. It is used to detect network delays. However, it
doesn't require root privileges.
It is installed in Ubuntu by default.

It traces the route to the specified destination and identifies each hop in it. If your network is
weak, it recognizes the point where the network is weak.
Linux ping is one of the most used network troubleshooting commands. It basically checks
for the network connectivity between two nodes.
ping stands for Packet INternet Groper.
The ping command sends the ICMP echo request to check the network connectivity.
It keeps executing until it is interrupted.
Use Ctrl+C Key to interrupt the execution.
Linux netstat command refers to the network statistics.
It provides statistical figures about different interfaces which include open sockets, routing
tables, and connection information.
Linux ss command is the replacement for netstat command. It is regarded as a much faster
and more informative command than netstat.
The faster response of ss is possible as it fetches all the information from within the kernel
user space.
This command gives information about all TCP, UDP, and UNIX socket connections.
You can use -t, -u, -x in the command respectively to show TCP/UDP or UNIX sockets. You
can combine each of these with "a" to show the connected and listening sockets.
This list of Linux Networking commands and scripts will receive ongoing
updates:
aria2 – downloading just about everything. Torrents included.
arpwatch – Ethernet Activity Monitor.
bmon – bandwidth monitor and rate estimator.
bwm-ng – live network bandwidth monitor.
curl – transferring data with URLs. (or try httpie)
darkstat – captures network traffic, usage statistics.
dhclient – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client
dig – query DNS servers for information.
dstat – replacement for vmstat, iostat, mpstat, netstat and ifstat.
ethtool – utility for controlling network drivers and hardware.
gated – gateway routing daemon.
host – DNS lookup utility.
hping – TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer.
ibmonitor – shows bandwidth and total data transferred.
ifstat – report network interfaces bandwidth.
iftop – display bandwidth usage.
ip (PDF file) – a command with more features that ifconfig (net-tools).
iperf3 – network bandwidth measurement tool. (above screenshot Stacklinux VPS)
iproute2 – collection of utilities for controlling TCP/IP.
iptables – take control of network traffic.
IPTraf – An IP Network Monitor.
iputils – set of small useful utilities for Linux networking.

iw – a new nl80211 based CLI configuration utility for wireless devices.
jwhois (whois) – client for the whois service.
“lsof -i” – reveal information about your network sockets.
mtr – network diagnostic tool.
net-tools – utilities include: arp, hostname, ifconfig, netstat, rarp, route, plipconfig, slattach,
mii-tool, iptunnel and ipmaddr.
ncat – improved re-implementation of the venerable netcat.
netcat – networking utility for reading/writing network connections.
nethogs – a small ‘net top’ tool.
Netperf – Network bandwidth Testing.
netplan – Netplan is a utility for easily configuring networking on a linux system.
netsniff-ng – Swiss army knife for daily Linux network plumbing.
netwatch – monitoring Network Connections.
ngrep – grep applied to the network layer.
nload – display network usage.
nmap – network discovery and security auditing.
nmcli – a command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager and reporting network status.
nmtui – provides a text interface to configure networking by controlling NetworkManager.
nslookup – query Internet name servers interactively.
ping – send icmp echo_request to network hosts.
route – show / manipulate the IP routing table.
slurm – network load monitor.
snort – Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System.
smokeping – keeps track of your network latency.
socat – establishes two bidirectional byte streams and transfers data between them.
speedometer – Measure and display the rate of data across a network.

speedtest-cli – test internet bandwidth using speedtest.net
ss – utility to investigate sockets.
ssh – secure system administration and file transfers over insecure networks.
tcpdump – command-line packet analyzer.
tcptrack – Displays information about tcp connections on a network interface.
telnet – user interface to the TELNET protocol.
tracepath – very similar function to traceroute.
traceroute – print the route packets trace to network host.
vnStat – network traffic monitor.
websocat – Connection forwarder from/to web sockets to/from usual sockets, in style of
socat.
wget – retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS.
Wireless Tools for Linux – includes iwconfig, iwlist, iwspy, iwpriv and ifrename.
Wireshark – network protocol analyzer.
Suggestions welcomed.
How to Install Linux from USB:
Insert a bootable Linux USB drive.
Click the start menu. ...
Then hold down the SHIFT key while clicking Restart. ...
Then select Use a Device.
Find your device in the list. ...
Your computer will now boot Linux. ...
Select Install Linux. ...
Go through the installation process.
BY: CHINTAPALLI BHARGAV PRAVEEN
VU21CSEN0100014 CSE

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TASK – 3

Process to Create Virtual Machine using VMware Workstation:

Exporting and packaging an existing Virtual Machine into a portable format:

Short note on basic commands in Linux networking:

Basic information displayed upon using ifconfig are:

 To get all the details using ifconfig

This is the latest and updated version of ifconfig command.

This command gives the details of all networks like ifconfig.

1. It provides the names and identifies every device on the path.

It is installed in Ubuntu by default.

ping stands for Packet INternet Groper.

It keeps executing until it is interrupted.

Use Ctrl+C Key to interrupt the execution.

Linux netstat command refers to the network statistics.

aria2 – downloading just about everything. Torrents included.

arpwatch – Ethernet Activity Monitor.

bmon – bandwidth monitor and rate estimator.

bwm-ng – live network bandwidth monitor.

curl – transferring data with URLs. (or try httpie)

darkstat – captures network traffic, usage statistics.

dhclient – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client

dig – query DNS servers for information.

dstat – replacement for vmstat, iostat, mpstat, netstat and ifstat.

ethtool – utility for controlling network drivers and hardware.

gated – gateway routing daemon.

host – DNS lookup utility.

hping – TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer.

ibmonitor – shows bandwidth and total data transferred.

ifstat – report network interfaces bandwidth.

iftop – display bandwidth usage.

ip (PDF file) – a command with more features that ifconfig (net-tools).

iperf3 – network bandwidth measurement tool. (above screenshot Stacklinux VPS)

iproute2 – collection of utilities for controlling TCP/IP.

iptables – take control of network traffic.

IPTraf – An IP Network Monitor.

iputils – set of small useful utilities for Linux networking.

jwhois (whois) – client for the whois service.

“lsof -i” – reveal information about your network sockets.

mtr – network diagnostic tool.

ncat – improved re-implementation of the venerable netcat.

netcat – networking utility for reading/writing network connections.

nethogs – a small ‘net top’ tool.

Netperf – Network bandwidth Testing.

netplan – Netplan is a utility for easily configuring networking on a linux system.

netsniff-ng – Swiss army knife for daily Linux network plumbing.

netwatch – monitoring Network Connections.

ngrep – grep applied to the network layer.

nload – display network usage.

nmap – network discovery and security auditing.

nmtui – provides a text interface to configure networking by controlling NetworkManager.

nslookup – query Internet name servers interactively.

ping – send icmp echo_request to network hosts.

route – show / manipulate the IP routing table.

slurm – network load monitor.

snort – Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System.

smokeping – keeps track of your network latency.

speedometer – Measure and display the rate of data across a network.

ss – utility to investigate sockets.

tcpdump – command-line packet analyzer.