Example 3 Eng

Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 3
Example 3. Analysis of frame for industrial building
In this lesson you will learn how to:

– perform dynamic analysis of 2D frame;
– perform stability analysis of the structure;
– generate DCL table;
– determine and check steel sections of elements of the frame.
Description:
Model of the frame and its boundary conditions are shown in Fig.3.1.
Sections of elements:
– external columns – box of channel sections No. 24;
– internal columns – channel section No. 24;
– beam of floor slab – I-section No. 36;
– top chord of a truss – two angle sections 120 x 120 x 10;
– bottom chord of a truss – two angle sections 100 x 100 x 10;
– vertical and diagonal elements of a truss – two angle sections 75 x 75 x 6.
Loads:
– load case 1 – dead weight of elements of the model,
– load case 2 – live load,
– load case 3 – wind load,
– load case 4 – harmonic dynamic load,
– load case 5 – earthquake load.
Figure 3.1 Design model
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Example 3 Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015
On the taskbar, click the Start button, and then point to All Programs. Point to the folder that contains
LIRA SAPR / LIRA-SAPR 2015 and then click LIRA-SAPR 2015.
Step 1. Creating new problem
On the FILE menu, click New (button on the toolbar).

In the Model type dialog box (see Fig.3.2) specify the following data:
problem name – Example3;
model type – 2 – Three degrees of freedom per node (translations X, Z and rotation Uy) X0Z.
Click OK .
Figure 3.2 Model type dialog box
It is also possible to open the Model type dialog box with a pre-defined type of model. To do this, on
the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), point to New and click Model type 2 (Three DOF per node)
command . One more way to do the same: on the Quick Access Toolbar, click New and in the drop-
down menu select Model type 2 (Three DOF per node) command . Then you should define only
problem name.
To save all output data files for the problem in certain directory, select appropriate check box. The
directory name will coincide with the name of the problem. This directory will appear in the directory for
files with analysis results. This is helpful if you have to find output data files for certain problem, then
transfer these files or review and evaluate them with the help of Windows Explorer or other file managers.
Step 2. Generating model geometry

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, point to Create regular fragments and grids
drop-down list and click the Create frame command.

In the Create plane fragments and grids dialog box specify the following data:
spacing along the first axis: spacing along the second axis:
L(m) N L(m) N
4 3 4 2
other parameters remain by default (see Fig.3.3).
Click Apply .
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Figure 3.3 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box
To save data about design model:
On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save command .

In the Save as dialog box specify the following data:
file name – Example3;
location where you want to save this file (Data folder is displayed by default).
Click Save.
To present numbers of nodes and elements on the screen:

On the Select toolbar (by default, it is displayed at the bottom of the screen), click Flags of drawing
button .
In the Display dialog box, select the Element numbers check box on the Elements tab.
On the Nodes tab, select the Node numbers check box.
Click Redraw .
To edit the model:
On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button .
Select nodes No.10 and 11 with the pointer (the nodes will be coloured red).
You can select nodes either with a single click or by dragging selection window around appropriate
nodes.

To delete selected nodes, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Edit panel, click Delete selected
objects . (Note that when you delete nodes, elements adjacent to these nodes will be automatically
deleted).
On the Select toolbar, point to Select elements drop-down list and click Select elements button .
Select elements No. 3 and 5 with the pointer (elements will be coloured red).
When you select nodes or elements on design model, you will see Contextual Tabs on the Ribbon
User Interface. Contextual Tabs expose functionality specific only to the object in focus. They remain
hidden when the object it works on is not selected.
Contextual Tabs are mentioned to work with nodes or elements of the model. They contain commands to
create and edit the model and can't be activated from Results, More results and Design ribbon tabs.
On the Bars contextual tab, on the Edit bars panel, click Hinges .
In the Hinges dialog box (see Fig.3.4), define nodes and directions along which there is no stiffness or
there is limited stiffness for the restraint between one of the bar ends and model node. To do this, select
appropriate check boxes:
2nd node – UY.
Click Apply .
Figure 3.4 Hinges dialog box
To place the truss upon the frame:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Create panel, click Create truss .
In the Generate 2D truss dialog box, to select the truss by shape of the chord, press the button
with arch (segmental) truss.

Then select web of the truss (in the second tab that becomes active). Click the upper left button.
When you define the web, the third tab of the dialog box is active. Define the following parameters of the
truss (see Fig.3.5):
L = 12 m;
Kf = 6.

To obtain representation of the truss with all dimensions, click Draw.

Under Coordinates of yellow node of truss, make sure that the Select node of fixation check box is
selected, and then select node No. 9 (coordinates of this node will be automatically displayed in the
dialog box).
To place the truss upon the frame, click Apply .
Figure 3.5 Create 2D truss dialog box
To pack the model:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Edit panel, click Pack model .
In the Pack model dialog box (see Fig.3.6), click Apply . It is necessary to pack the model in order
to ‘throw together’ coincident nodes and elements and to eliminate (that is, to remove completely)
deleted nodes and elements from design model.

Figure 3.6 Pack model dialog box
The model shown in Fig.3.7 will be displayed on the screen.
Figure 3.7 Design model of the frame with node and element numbers

Step 3. Defining boundary conditions
Select nodes No.1 and 4 with the pointer.
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Restraints button .
In the Restraints on nodes dialog box, specify directions along which displacements of nodes are not
allowed (X, Z, UY). To do this, select appropriate check boxes.
Click Apply (the nodes will be coloured blue).

Select nodes No. 2, 3 and impose restraints along X and Z. To do this, simply clear the UY check box.
On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button in order
to make this command not active.
Step 4. Defining design options

On the More edit options ribbon tab, on the Design panel, click Design options for main model
command .
In the Design options dialog box (see Fig.3.8), define parameters for the first design option:
in the Analysis of sections by list, select DCL;
other parameters remain by default.
Click Apply .
Figure 3.8 Design options dialog box
To close the Design options dialog box, click the Close button.

Step 5. Defining material properties to elements of the frame
To create material data sets:

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Stiffness and restraints panel, click Material properties
button .
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box (see Fig.3.9a), click Add. The dialog box expands to display
the library of stiffness parameters. In the Add stiffness dialog box (see Fig.3.9b), select the Database
of steel sections tab (the second tab).
a b
Figure 3.9 Dialog boxes: a – Stiffness and materials, b – Add stiffness
Double-click the I-section icon in the list. The Steel cross-section dialog box opens. In this dialog box
you can define material properties for selected type of the section.
In the Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters for I-section (see Fig.3.10):
in the Profile box, click ;
in the shape box, click 36.
Click OK.

Figure 3.10 Steel cross-section dialog box
In the Add stiffness dialog box (see Fig.3.9), on the Database of steel sections (the second tab),
double-click the Box of channels icon in the list.
In the Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters for Box of channels section:
Click OK.
In the Add stiffness dialog box, double-click the Channel icon in the list.
In another Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters for Channel section:
Click OK.
In the Add stiffness dialog box, double-click the Double angle icon in the list.
In another Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters for Double angle section:
in the shape box, click 120 x 120 x 10.
Click OK.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the List of stiffness types, select ‘4. Double angle
120 x 120 x 10’.
Click Copy two times.

In the List of stiffness types, select ‘5. Double angle 120 x 120 x 10’.
Click Edit.
In another Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters:
Click OK.
In the List of stiffness types, select ‘6. Double angle 120 x 120 x 10’.
Click Edit.
In another Steel cross-section dialog box specify the following parameters:
Click OK.
To hide the library of stiffness parameters, click Add in the Stiffness and materials dialog box.
To assign material properties to steel structures:
The 'Reinforced concrete and steel structures' mode is mentioned to select and check bar
sections of steel elements according to SNIP II-23-81, SP 16.13330.2011, DBN V.2.6-163:2010,
Eurocode 3.1.1 ENV 1993-1-1:1992 and LFRD 2nd edition (AISC). Analysis is carried out for one or
several design combinations of forces (DCF), design combinations of loads (DCL) or forces obtained from
the static analysis of structure. There are also checks for elements of plane stress state.
The selection and check procedures may be carried out for the following types of sections:
- truss elements and frame braces that are in axial compression and tension;
- beams that are in bending;
- columns that are in combined action of bending and compression.
The selection and check procedures may be carried out in two modes:
- mode for work with the model, in this mode analysis is carried out automatically for all elements defined
by the user;
- mode for analysis of a separate element (local mode), in this mode the user could make alternative
design for elements of structure, edit section dimensions, grade of steel, pattern of stiffeners, etc.
Section dimensions of elements and utilization percentage for bearing capacity of element sections
determined according to certain building code will be considered as analysis results.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, under List of stiffness types, click the stiffness type ‘1.I-
section 36’.
Click Set as current type. Selected type will be displayed in the Stiffness box under Assign to
elements of the model. You can also specify the current type by double-clicking the necessary type in
the List of stiffness types.
Then, to assign materials for steel structures, in the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select the Steel
tab (the third tab).
Select Material option and click Add.
In the Parameters dialog box (see Fig.3.11), in the Steel table list box, define the Стали по СНиП II-
23-81*, фасон row. In the Steel list box, select steel C235 (it will be applied to all elements).
To confirm the data, click OK.

Figure 3.11 Parameters (for materials) dialog box
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, select Additional parameters option and click Add.
In the Parameters dialog box (see Fig.3.12), define the following parameters for beams:
under Element type, click Beam;
under Data for buckling analysis, select the Use length factors check box;
define the length factor for buckling analysis of beam Kb=0.33;
in the End conditions of compression flange of beam list box, select the 2 or more dividing the
span to equal parts line;
under Deflection analysis, define maximum allowed deflection - 1/250;
in the Comment line, type Beams;

Figure 3.12 Parameters (for beams) dialog box
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Add once more.
In the Parameters dialog box (see Fig.3.13), define the following parameters for columns:
under Element type, click Column;
under Effective lengths, select the Use length factor check box;
define effective length factor relative to Z1-axis Kz=1;
define effective length factor relative to Y1-axis Ky=1;
define effective length factor for check by lateral-torsional buckling (calculation of factor Fb) Kb=0.85;
in the Comment line, type Columns;

Figure 3.13 Parameters (for columns) dialog box
In the Parameters dialog box (see Fig.3.14), define the following parameters for top chord of the truss:
under Element type, click Truss;
under Ultimate slenderness, click chord or support diagonal of truss option;
in the Comment line, type Top chord;

Figure 3.14 Parameters (for top chord of the truss) dialog box
In the Parameters dialog box, define the following parameters for bottom chord of the truss:
define effective length factor relative to Z1-axis Kz=0.33;
define effective length factor relative to Y1-axis Ky=0.33;
under Ultimate slenderness, click chord or support diagonal of truss option;
in the Comment line, type Bottom chord;
In the Parameters dialog box, define the following parameters for truss web:


under Ultimate slenderness, click element of truss web (except support element) option;
in the Comment line, type Truss web;
To assign material properties to elements of the frame:

In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of additional parameters for steel structures, select
‘1.Beams’. In this case stiffness ‘1.I-section 36’ should be defined as current type in the List of
stiffness types on the first tab.
Click Set as current type. Selected type of additional parameters will be displayed in the Materials box
under Assign to elements of the model. You can also specify the current type of additional parameters
by double-clicking the necessary type in the list.
On the Select toolbar, click Select horizontal bars button .

Select elements No. 7, 8 and 9 with the pointer. The elements will be coloured red.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply . In the Warning box, click No. The
elements become unselected. It indicates that the current stiffness type is assigned to selected
elements.
On the SELECT toolbar, click Select horizontal bars in order to make this command not active.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, in the list of additional parameters for steel structures, select
‘2.Columns’.
Click Set as current type.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, on the Properties tab (the first tab), select ‘2.Box of
channels 24’ in the List of stiffness types.
On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical bars button .

Select vertical elements No. 1, 2, 5, 6 (external columns) with the pointer.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, click Apply . In the Warning box, click No.
In the Stiffness and materials dialog box, under List of stiffness types, click the stiffness type
‘3.Channel 24’.
Select vertical elements No. 3, 4 (internal columns) with the pointer.
‘4.Double angle 120 x 120 x 10’.
In the same dialog box, select the Steel tab (the third tab) and in the list of additional parameters for
steel structures select '3.Top chord'.

To select elements of the top chord, on the Select toolbar, click PolyFilter .
In the PolyFilter dialog box, select the Filter for elements tab (the second tab) (see Fig.3.15).
Select By FE numbers check box and specify numbers of elements 19 – 24.
Click Apply.
Figure 3.15 Filter for elements tab
steel structures select '4.Bottom chord'.
To select elements of the bottom chord, in the PolyFilter dialog box, on the Filter for elements tab,
select By FE numbers check box and specify numbers of elements 10 – 12.
Click Apply.
steel structures select '5.Truss web'.

To select elements of truss web, in the PolyFilter dialog box, on the Filter for elements tab, select By
FE numbers check box and specify numbers of elements 13 – 18.
Click Apply.
Close the PolyFilter dialog box.
Step 6. Changing FE types for elements of truss
Select all elements of the truss.
On the More edit options ribbon tab, on the Model panel, click Change FE type .
In the Change FE type dialog box (see Fig.3.16), in the list of FE types, select FE type 1 - FE of 2D
truss.
Click Apply .
Figure 3.16 Change FE type dialog box
Step 7. Applying loads
To create load case No.1:

To define load from dead weight, on the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel and click
Add dead weight .

In the Add dead weight dialog box (see Fig.3.17), click All elements and specify Load factor as equal
to 1.05 (as in SRS-SAPR (Steel Tables) module the unit weight is specified as normative value, it should
be converted to design value).
Click Apply (uniformly distributed load equal to unit weight of elements is automatically applied to all
elements of the structure).

Figure 3.17 Add dead weight dialog box
Select nodes No.7, 8 and 9 with the pointer.

On the Create and edit ribbon tab, select the Loads panel, then select Load on bars command
from the Loads on nodes and elements drop-down list.

In the Define loads dialog box (see Fig.3.18), specify Global coordinate system and direction along the
Z-axis (default parameters).
Figure 3.18 Define loads dialog box
In the Load type area, click Uniformly distributed load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 2.0 t/m (see Fig.3.19).
Click OK .

Figure 3.19 Load parameters dialog box
In the Define loads dialog box, click Apply .
Select nodes (where the truss is supported by the column) No.9 and 10 with the pointer.
In the Define loads dialog box, select Loads on nodes tab.
Specify Global coordinate system and direction along the Z-axis.
In the Load type area, click the Concentrated load button .

In the Load parameters dialog box specify P = 12t.
Click OK.
In the Define loads dialog box, click Apply.
Select other nodes of the top chord (nodes No.13-17) with the pointer. Then define concentrated load
equal to P = 24t on these nodes in a similar way.
To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.
In a similar way perform the following:

Select elements No. 7, 8, 9 and define uniformly distributed load P = 2t on these nodes.
Select nodes No. 9, 10 and define concentrated load P = 2t on these nodes.
Select nodes No. 13 - 17 and define concentrated load P = 4t on these nodes.
To change the number of the current load case, click the Next load case button located on the
Status bar or on the toolbar.
In a similar way perform the following:

Select nodes No. 5, 10 and define concentrated load along global X-axis P = -1.5t on these nodes.
Select node No. 9 and define concentrated load along global X-axis P = -2t on this node.
Select node No. 8 and define concentrated load along global X-axis P = -1.125t on this node.

Change the number of the current load case for 4.
To define nodal harmonic load:

Select node No. 6.
In the Define loads dialog box, select the Loads on nodes tab.
In the Load type area, click the Nodal harmonic load button .
In the Nodal harmonic load dialog box (see Fig.3.20), define the following parameters of load:
additional weight of mass at node – 2t;
direction of load – X;
law of load variation – cos;
load magnitude – 0.1t.
Click OK .
Figure 3.20 Nodal harmonic load dialog box
In the Define loads dialog box, click Apply .
On the Select toolbar, point to Select nodes drop-down list and click Select nodes button once
again in order to make this command not active.
To define detailed information about load cases:
On the Create and edit ribbon tab, on the Loads panel, click Edit load cases . The Edit load
cases dialog box is displayed on the screen (see Fig.3.21).
For load case 1 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Dead and click Apply
.
For load case 2 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Live and click Apply
.
For load case 3 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Instant and click Apply

For load case 4 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Specific / Occasional
and click Apply .
To add the fifth load case, in the List of load cases area, click Add load case (to the end) .
For load case 4 – in the Edit selected load case area, in the Type box, select Earthquake and click
Apply .
Figure 3.21 Edit load cases dialog box
Define parameters for dynamic analysis of the frame
Step 8. Generating dynamic load cases from the static ones
To generate table for account of static load cases for harmonic load:
On the Analysis ribbon tab, on the Dynamics panel, click Account of static load cases .
In the Create dynamic load cases from the static ones dialog box (see Fig.3.22), under Generate
mass matrix according to, click Load case (code 1) and to create the first line of the summary table,
specify the following data:
dynamic load case No. – 4;
No. of corresponding static load case – 1;
conversion factor – 0.9.
Click Add.
To create the second line of the summary table, specify the following data:
Click Add.

Figure 3.22 Create dynamic load cases from the static ones dialog box
To generate table for account of static load cases for earthquake load:
To create the third line of the summary table, in the Create dynamic load cases from the static ones
dialog box, specify the following data:
Click Add.
To create the forth line of the summary table, specify the following data:
Click Add and then OK .
Specified static load cases generate weights of masses for dynamic load cases.
Step 9. Generating table of dynamic load cases
To define parameters for load case No.4:

On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Dynamics panel and click Table of dynamic load cases button

In the Table of dynamic load cases dialog box (see Fig.3.23), define the following data:
load case No. – 4;
dynamic load type – Zonal harmonic (28);
number of analysed mode shapes – 10.
Click Parameters.
Figure 3.23 Table of dynamic load cases dialog box
In the Harmonic (Parameters) dialog box (see Fig.3.24), define the following data:
inelastic strength factor – K = 0.025 (steel);
forced frequency of external action – 6.5 rad/sec;
error in frequency determination – 15%.
Click OK .
Figure 3.24 Harmonic (Parameters) dialog box
To define parameters for load case No.5:

In the Table of dynamic load cases dialog box (see Fig.3.23), define the following data:

load case No. – 5;

dynamic load type – Earthquake /01.01.2000/SP 14.13330.2011/ (35);
number of analysed mode shapes – 5.
Click Parameters.
In the Earthquake analysis parameters dialog box (see Fig.3.25), define the following data:
in the Coefficients from table 3 SNIP II-7-81* area, select the line K1=0.12;
direction cosines of earthquake load resultant in global coordinate system – CX = 1;
Click OK .
Figure 3.25 Earthquake analysis parameters dialog box
In the Table of dynamic load cases dialog box, click OK.
Step 10. Defining design sections for beams
Select horizontal elements No.7 – 9.
When you select nodes or elements on design model, you will see Contextual Tabs on the Ribbon
User Interface. Contextual Tabs expose functionality specific only to the object in focus. They remain
hidden when the object it works on is not selected.
Contextual Tabs are mentioned to work with nodes or elements of the model. They contain commands to
create and edit the model and can't be activated from Results, More results and Design ribbon tabs.
On the Bars contextual tab, on the Edit bars panel, click Design sections of bars button .
In the Design sections dialog box (see Fig.3.26), specify number of sections N = 5.
Click Apply (to analyse the structure according to serviceability limit states, it is necessary to define
at least three design sections) and close the dialog box.

Figure 3.26 Design sections dialog box
Step 11. Defining structural elements
Structural element (STE) is a set of several finite elements that during design procedure will be
considered as a single unit. Elements that form the part of the structural element should have no gaps,
have the same stiffness type, should not be included into other structural elements and unification groups,
have common nodes and belong to the same line.
To define structural element BEAM:

Select horizontal elements No. 7, 8 and 9.
To define structural elements, on the More edit options ribbon tab, select the Design panel and click
Structural elements button .

In the Structural elements dialog box (see Fig.3.27), under Edit structural elements (StE), click
Generate StE.
Figure 3.27 Structural elements dialog box
To define structural element TRUSS:

Select elements No. 10, 11 and 12.
In the Structural elements dialog box, under Edit structural elements (StE), click Generate StE.

Step 12. Defining deflection fixities at nodes of bending elements
Select elements No. 7, 8 and 9.
On the More edit options ribbon tab, on the Design panel, click Deflection fixities command .
In the Deflection fixities dialog box (see Fig.3.28), select Create at nodes with NotSLA bars option in
the list. Then select Y1 and Z1 check boxes.
Click Apply (deflection of element sections is determined relative to the line that connects fixities at the
ends of the element).
Figure 3.28 Deflection fixities dialog box
To close the Deflection fixities dialog box, click Close.
Step 13. Generating DCL table
On the Analysis ribbon tab, select the More calculations panel and click DCL button .
As the type of load cases was defined in the Edit load cases dialog box (see Fig.3.21), the DCL
table is generated automatically with parameters accepted by default for every load case. Now you have
to modify parameters for the fourth and the fifth load cases and define combinations.
In the Design combinations of loads dialog box (see Fig.3.29), select building code SNIP 2.01.07-85*
and for load cases 4 and 5, double-click the Sign variable cell and define +/- .

Figure 3.29 Design combination of loads dialog box
To define combinations, do the following steps:

in the list of combinations, select the first row (1 main) and click Add.
then in the list of combinations, select the second row (2 main) and click Add.
in the list of combinations, select the row Specific (Earthquake) and click Add.
in the list of combinations, select the row Specific (no Earthquake) and click Add. The columns with
coefficients according to applied formulas for combinations by SNIP 2.01.07-85 will be displayed in the
table.
To save defined data, click Save data .

To close the Design combinations of loads dialog box, click Close.
Design combinations of loads (DCL) are calculated as the sum of appropriate values of nodal
displacements and forces (stresses) in elements. These values are added according to building codes
(unlike calculation of DCF where extreme values of stresses at specific points of bar sections are used as
criterion for determination of dangerous combinations).
Step 14. Defining parameters for stability analysis of the frame
To carry out stability analysis of the frame from DCL combinations, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select
the More calculations panel and click Stability button .

In the Stability dialog box (see Fig.3.30), define the following parameters:
select Stability analysis check box;
to define the type of analysis, click by DCL option button;
under Load cases, select All combinations check box;
in the Number of buckling modes to be calculated box, define number 3.
Click OK .

Figure 3.30 Stability dialog box
Step 15. Complete analysis of frame
To carry out complete analysis of frame, on the Analysis ribbon tab, select the Analysis panel and in
the Analyse drop-down list, click Complete analysis .
Step 16. Review and evaluation of static & dynamic analyses results
When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate results of static and dynamic analyses,
select the Results ribbon tab.
In the mode of analysis results visualization, by default design model is presented with account of nodal
displacements (see Fig.3.31). To display the model without nodal displacements, on the Results ribbon
tab, on the Deformations panel, click Initial model button .

Figure 3.31 Design model with account of nodal displacements
To present diagrams of internal forces:

To display diagram My , on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Moment diagrams
(My) button .
To display diagram N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Axial force diagrams
(N) button .
To display mosaic plots N, on the Results tab, select Forces in bars panel and click Mosaic plot of
forces in bars command in the Force diagrams/Mosaic plots drop-down list.
To present mode shapes of the structure:

To change the number of active load case, on the Status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), in
the Load case No. list, select No. 4 and click Apply .
To display the first mode shape, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Deformations panel, select the Mode
shapes command in the Stress strain state drop-down list.

To display mode shape, on the Results ribbon tab, on the Deformations panel, click Initial model
button to make this command not active.

To display the 3rd mode shape of the 5th load case, on the Status bar (displayed at the bottom of the
screen), change the number of active load case for 5 (as described above). Then in the Mode shape
No. (component, period) list, change number of mode shape for 3 and click Apply .
To animate the 3rd mode shape of the 5th load case:

To switch to the mode of 3D visualization, either select 3D model command on the Application menu
or click the 3D model button on the Quick Access Toolbar.

To animate the 3rd mode shape of the 5th load case, on the 3D view ribbon tab, on the Animation
panel, click Animate mode shape button .

In the Animate mode shape dialog box (see Fig.3.32), click Play button .
To close the Animate mode shape dialog box, click Close.
Figure 3.32 Animate mode shape dialog box
To return to the mode of analysis results visualization, on the 3D view ribbon tab, on the Back panel,
click Finite element model button .
To generate and review tables of analysis results:

To present table with periods of vibrations, on the Results ribbon tab, select Tables panel and click
Standard tables in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Standard tables dialog box (see Fig.3.33), select Periods of vibrations in the list.
Click Apply.
By default, standard tables are generated in the *.csv format. Information presented in these tables is
divided into different tabs: input data (optional), e.g. DCF coefficients; output data for bars; output data for
plates; etc.
To generate table in *.csv format and add it to the Report Book, select the Generate updatable table in
Report Book check box. If the table is located in the Report Book, it is possible to update it later (if
required) and add it to the report file with the Report Book options.
To modify format of the table, in the Standard tables dialog box, click Select format. Then in the Table
format dialog box, select appropriate option and click OK. To generate table in Document Maker (DOC-
SAPR module), select RPT format.
Selected format is saved and will be applied by default in further work with standard tables.
Figure 3.33 Standard tables dialog box

To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.
To present table with equivalent weights of masses at nodes of design model, in the Standard tables
dialog box, select appropriate row in the list.
In the Choose load case No. area of the dialog box, select All load cases option and click Apply .
Close the Standard tables dialog box.
To evaluate analysis results by DCL:

To switch to results of static analysis, on the Deformations panel, select the Deformed shape
command in the Stress strain state drop-down list.

To present analysis results by DCL, on the Status bar (displayed at the bottom of the screen), click
Results by DCL button .

Diagrams of internal forces are presented on the screen in the same way as described above. The
generation of tables with analysis results by DCL is also the same.
To switch to another DCL number, on the Status bar in the Load case No. list, select appropriate row
and click Apply .
To generate tables with stability factors:

To present table with stability factors, in the Standard tables dialog box, select appropriate row in the
list.
Click Apply .
To evaluate results of stability analysis of the frame:

To present the buckling mode on the screen, on the Deformations panel, select the Buckling mode
command in the Stress strain state drop-down list.

To switch to another DCL number, on the Status bar in the Load case No. list, select appropriate row
and click Apply .

To present the next buckling mode, on the Status bar, in the Mode shape No. (component, period) list,
select appropriate number and click Apply .

To present effective length factor on the screen, on the More results ribbon tab, on Stability panel, click
Ly factors button .
Step 17. Review and evaluate results from steel analysis
When analysis procedure is complete, to review and evaluate results of steel analysis, select the
Design ribbon tab (for standard ribbon interface).
To present mosaic plots for the check of assigned sections of steel bars:
To present mosaic results (for assigned cross-sections, check for ultimate limit state), on the Design
ribbon tab, on the Steel: check and select panel, click Check, ULS button .

To present mosaic results (for assigned cross-sections, check for local buckling), on the Design ribbon
tab, on the Steel: check and select panel, click Check, LB button .
To generate the table with results (assigned sections):

To generate tables with analysis results, on the Results ribbon tab, select Tables panel and click
Analysis results tables for steel in the Documents drop-down list.

In the Table of results dialog box (see Fig.3.34), select the Check option.
Click Apply (to generate tables in HTML format, select appropriate option). To generate table and
work further in Document Maker (DOC-SAPR module), select RPT format. It is also possible to present
tables in Excel format.
Figure 3.34 Tables of results (steel analysis) dialog box
To close the table, on the FILE menu, click Close.
To generate the table with results (selected sections):

In the Table of results dialog box (see Fig.3.35), define the Select option.
Click Apply .

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Tutorial on LIRA-SAPR version 2015 Example 3

Example 3. Analysis of frame for industrial building

In this lesson you will learn how to:

Figure 3.1 Design model

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 1 of 32

Step 1. Creating new problem

On the FILE menu, click New (button on the toolbar).

Figure 3.2 Model type dialog box

Step 2. Generating model geometry

drop-down list and click the Create frame command.

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Figure 3.3 Create plane fragments and grids dialog box

To save data about design model:

On the LIRA-SAPR menu (Application menu), click Save command .

To present numbers of nodes and elements on the screen:

To edit the model:

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 3 of 32

Figure 3.4 Hinges dialog box

To place the truss upon the frame:

with arch (segmental) truss.

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To obtain representation of the truss with all dimensions, click Draw.

To place the truss upon the frame, click Apply .

Figure 3.5 Create 2D truss dialog box

To pack the model:

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 5 of 32

Figure 3.6 Pack model dialog box

The model shown in Fig.3.7 will be displayed on the screen.

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Step 3. Defining boundary conditions

Click Apply (the nodes will be coloured blue).

Step 4. Defining design options

Figure 3.8 Design options dialog box

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 7 of 32

Step 5. Defining material properties to elements of the frame

To create material data sets:

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Figure 3.10 Steel cross-section dialog box

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 9 of 32

To assign material properties to steel structures:

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Figure 3.11 Parameters (for materials) dialog box

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 11 of 32

Figure 3.12 Parameters (for beams) dialog box

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Figure 3.13 Parameters (for columns) dialog box

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 13 of 32

Page 14 of 32 www.liraland.com 2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved.

under Element type, click Truss;

To assign material properties to elements of the frame:

On the Select toolbar, click Select horizontal bars button .

On the Select toolbar, click Select vertical bars button .

2011-2015, LIRA SAPR. All rights reserved. www.liraland.com Page 15 of 32

Figure 3.15 Filter for elements tab

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Close the PolyFilter dialog box.

Step 6. Changing FE types for elements of truss

Select all elements of the truss.

Figure 3.16 Change FE type dialog box