Physics Project Sanket Kumar Patra 12C

BUXI JAGABANDHU ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL -II
SATYABHAMAPUR
PHYSICS PROJECT
ON
“AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP”
FOR
ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION 2021 – 2022
BY
Sanket Kumar Patra

CLASS – XII
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana
P.G.T PHYSICS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Being a student of class XII I undertook a physics project
for the fulfillment of examination of physics practical. I
choose ‘AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP’.
In spite of time constraints and other hindrances, I was

and thanks able to complete the project on time. I express
my deep gratitude and thanks to my teacher of Physics,
Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana and my parents for their
inspiration, guidance, and keen interest in this piece of
work.
Sanket Kumar Patra

Class - XII
BIODATA
NAME – Sanket Kumar Patra
DATE OF BIRTH – 16.08.2004
CLASS – XII
ROLL NO – 12641972
SUBJECT – Physics
TEACHER – Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana
SCHOOL – B.J.E.M.S - II
NAME OF THE EXAMINATION – All India Senior School

Certificate Examination
ACADEMIC YEAR – 2021-2022
PROJECT TOPIC – AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP

DECLARATION
I “Sanket Kumar Patra” of class – XII, bearing roll no.

12641972 of Buxi Jagabandhu English Medium
School-II, satyabhamapur I am submitting this copy
of Physics project as an evidence of my work in
Physics laboratory.
Sanket Kumar Patra

Class-XII
Section-C
School- Buxi Jagabandhu English Medium School-II
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Sanket Kumar Patra” of class –

XII has successfully prepared the project on for AISSCE
under the guidance Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana in the
Physics department of Buxi Jagabandhu English
Medium School-II, Satyabhamapur for the academic
session 2021-22.
Sign of Examiner Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana

P.G.T Physics
B.J.E.M.S II
Satyabhamapur
AIM
TO CONSTRUCT AN
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP
USING A TRANSISTOR AND
LDR
PURPOSE
In recent days, the power consumption is increasing in

very great demand. News flashed that due to high
consumption of electricity not only the price per unit is
increasing but also the pollution is also increasing as
example, thermal plants which burn coal to generate
electricity from the heat and burning coal produces
pollution.
So as per above, I wanted to reduce consumption of
electricity. Another fact that made me to do so was this
that it will also help to reduce pollution.
THEREFORE, I chose this project on to construct an
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP using transistor and LDR
out of curiosity.
INTRODUCATION
In some cities and villages, sometimes street lights glow
in day time without any reason. In mining regions people
face many difficulties due to absence of light in the nights.
In frontier and hilly areas, people face many problems due
to damaged street lights. For solving these problems, we
created a device in which the lights glow in night and in
day time, they get switched off automatically and don't
glow.
Due to use of it, we can solve above problems and can also
save electricity.
APPARATUS
REQUIRED
i. A n-p-n transistor
ii. Breadboard
iii. Resistors:330Ω, 1MΩ
iv. Connecting wires
v. LED
vi. LDR
vii. 9V Battery
PRINCIPLE
This project is based on Light Dependent

Resistance (L.D.R.). LDR is a resistance, in
which opposing power of current depends on
the presence of quantity of light present, i.e.
the resistance of LDR increases or decreases,
according to quantity of light which falls on it. If
LDR places in darkness, the resistance of
LDR increases and when light falls on it, the
resistance of LDR decreases and act as a
conductor. Any LDR in the presence of light
and darkness changes its resistance is
depending on the different types of LDR.
THEORY
1. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify
or switch electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of semiconductor
material with three terminals for
connection to an external circuit.
Emitter (E): It is the left hand side thick layer of the

which is heavily doped;
Base (B): It is a central thin layer of transistor which is

lightly doped;
Collector (C): It is the right hand side thick layer of the

transistor which is moderately doped;
A p-n-p junction transistor is
obtained by growing a thin layer of
thin layer of n- type semiconductor
in between two relatively thick of
ptype semiconductor
A n-p-n junction transistor is

obtained by growing a thin layer
p-type semi-conductor in between
two relatively thick layers of n-
type semi-conductor
2. CARBON RESISTOR: A carbon resistor has generally
four rings or bands A, B, C
and D of different colours
corresponding to the value of
resistance. In project, we use
carbon resistance of 1M ohms
3. LDR: LDR means light dependent

resistance which is used to complete
the circuit.
4. LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light

source. When a light emitting diode is forward-biased (switched
on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within
the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. In this
project, we use
led of white
colour.
5. BATTERY: This is a rectangular prism
shape with rounded edges and a polarized
snap connector at the top. In project, we use
9-Volt
6. WIRES: A wire is a single, usually

cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.
These are used to connect components.
7.BREADBOARD: A breadboard is a construction base

for prototyping of electronics. Because the solderless
breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable
PRODEDURE
• Take a breadboard and connect its two halves.
• Connect a 9V battery on the breadboard.
• Connect an NPN transistor on the breadboard with its three
legs (Emitter, Base, Collector) inserted in three different
columns of the breadboard.
• The emitter of the transistor is grounded. Connect one leg

of a 1 MΩ resistor to the base of the transistor, and its other
leg to any different column of the breadboard.Connect the
corresponding column to Vcc.
• Connect an LDR between the base and emitter of the
transistor.
• Connect one leg of a 330 Ω resistor to the collector of the
transistor, and its other leg to any different column of the
breadboard.
• Take an LED. Connect its negative terminal to the right leg
of 330 Ω resistor, and its positive terminal to Vcc.
OBSERVATION
When the circuit is exposed to light, the led remains
off.
When the circuit is taken into dark, the led glows.

PRECAUTIONS
• Excess current should not be passed through

LED.
• Make all the connections neat, clean and tight
• Never exceed the ratings for the current given in
the transistor manual.
• A n-p-n transistor broke due to the passage of
excessive current.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Followings books and websites were a source for my project:
1. Laboratory Manual of Physics
2. Dinesh Companion Physics
3. NCERT Physics Class 12
Websites used:
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.com

Physics Project Sanket Kumar Patra 12C

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics Project Sanket Kumar Patra 12C

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics Project Sanket Kumar Patra 12C

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BUXI JAGABANDHU ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL -II

“AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP”

ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

Sanket Kumar Patra

In spite of time constraints and other hindrances, I was

Sanket Kumar Patra

DATE OF BIRTH – 16.08.2004

TEACHER – Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana

NAME OF THE EXAMINATION – All India Senior School

ACADEMIC YEAR – 2021-2022

PROJECT TOPIC – AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP

I “Sanket Kumar Patra” of class – XII, bearing roll no.

Sanket Kumar Patra

This is to certify that “Sanket Kumar Patra” of class –

Sign of Examiner Mrs. Prajnalipsa Moharana

In recent days, the power consumption is increasing in

This project is based on Light Dependent

Emitter (E): It is the left hand side thick layer of the

Base (B): It is a central thin layer of transistor which is

Collector (C): It is the right hand side thick layer of the

A n-p-n junction transistor is

3. LDR: LDR means light dependent

4. LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light

6. WIRES: A wire is a single, usually

7.BREADBOARD: A breadboard is a construction base

• The emitter of the transistor is grounded. Connect one leg

When the circuit is taken into dark, the led glows.

• Excess current should not be passed through

You might also like