PILE INTEGRITY TEST REPORT

Date of Testing: 27.05.2024 Date of Report: 12.06.2024

Ref: Low Strain Integrity Test Report #1

Name of Project : KOTA-MTJ Section: Provision of 2-lane road over bridge

(ROB) in lieu of LC No: 135 (TVU=32883) at km:
966/02-04 between Ghat ka Barana-Laban stations in the
section of ADEN-SWM

LOA NO: BRIDGELINE-KOTA-ENGINEERING/BrLine-Kota-10-2

022/01085610059244 -Dated: 01/08/2022.

Main Contractor : M/s Maan Builders Private Limited.

Main Client : West Central Railway, GSU KOTA.

Report for: M/s Maan Builders Private Limited.

Test Method:- ASTM D5882 & IS:14893:2001

Location: P2,LC-135

Report No: ADSL/15001/09/5001

ADS LABTECH
ADSL/15001/09/5001
 ADS LABTECH
39/2/10-A Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Ghaziabad-201010

This report presents test results and summarizes our findings from the low strain integrit y testing
performed on the piles at the above referenced site on 27.05.2024, the purpose of the testing
was to assess the integrity of the pile using a non destructive testing technique.

Low strain integrity testing involves inducing a stress wave into the pile or drilled shaft by striking the
top of the pile with a small hand held hammer and measuring the response with an accelerometer.
Records of several hammer impacts are averaged, filtered, and exponentially amplified to enhance record
features. The processed records are the measured shaft/Pile -top velocity curves. These curves are evaluated
for indications of stress wave reflections which, based on arrival time, may be indications of
impedance reductions, impedance increases, or the Pile toe.

The piles of P2, LC-135 having diameter of 1200 mm were tested with an input
value of stress wave velocity as 3700-4200 m/s . As concrete is a heterogeneous material, no specific
value can be assigned for stress wave velocity through it. It is assumed to vary in the range mentioned above.

Pile Details
Piles of pier P2, LC-135 had measured diameter of 1200 mm and depth 29.00 Mtrs. as per site records.
records.
Test Equipment
The equipment used for the integrity testing included a PIT Collector manufactured by Pile Dynamics, Inc.,
an accelerometer and non-instrumented hammer weight with hard plastic tips,
conforming to ASTM D 5882-16. The PIT Collector (ADS LABTECH Engineer’s) acquired the pile
top motion records under a series of hammer blows. The PIT collector allows for detection of wave
reflections from changes in pile impedance.

The testing involves attachment of accelerometer on a prepared pile top. After attachment, the impact
device (hand held hammer) generates a low strain compression wave, which travels down the pile. The
acceleration and velocity records of the impact, along with subsequent form either pile toe/discontinuities
are graphically displayed.

Typically six hammer blows were delivered at these impact locations around the pile top surface land
the pile response was measured with and accelerometer located on a different prepared surface.
Records from each series of blows with non-instrumented hammer were then averaged and the average
record was stored in the PIT Collector for later data processing.

ADS LABTECH
Page 2 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001
Integrity Test Theory
Integrit y testing is based on the stress wave propagation concept and reflection theory. A stress wave
generated by a hammer impact is reflected if the wave encounters an impedance change or a strong
soil effect. The impedance, EA/C, of a drilled shaft/Pile is defined as the product of the shaft material’s
elastic modulus, E and cross sectional area, A divided by its wave speed, C. The impedance therefore
reflects both the shaft/Pile cross sectional size and its material properties.
A structurally sound and generally uniform diameter shaft/Pile is indicated by a reflection from the shaft
toe with only minor variations in the velocity record amplitudes (created by reflections from
impedance changes) between the times of impact and toe reflection. A sound shaft/Pile is also
indicated by negative
velocity reflections which are often caused by so-called bulges where softer soils or auger wobble allow for
an enlargement of the shaft/Pile diameter. An impedance reduction is indicated by a positive
velocity reflection before the shaft/Pile toe. This can indicate a reduction in shaft/Pile cross section such as
from a void, soil inclusion, neck-in or crack. It can also indicate a reduction in elastic modulus which
could be due to poor concrete quality, or soil or ground water mixing during installation. Generally,
it is not possible to determine which case exists based on PIT records alone, only that a reduction in
impedance occurs.

ADS LABTECH
Page 3 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001
Analysis and Data Interpretations
The interpretation of results consists of evaluation of data based on the reflections recorded by
PIT ADS LABTECH Engineer’s on date 27.05.2024 through software program. After verif ying and
in case necessary adjusting the field input parameters for amplification, filtering, etc., the processed
velocity curves were plotted. These records were evaluated for reflections are in acceleration form and are
numerically integrated to velocity before being displayed. The integrity of the pile thus tested is based on
such reflections and detected changes in impedance (EA/C) along the pile length, when subjected to an
impact blow. Where E = Elastic Modulus of Pile Material, A = Cross Sectional Area of Pile and
C = Wave Speed. Impedance variation refers to cross sectional change of pile.

1) Test to be conducted as per , the latest version of ASTM D5882 & IS 14893:2021
2) The following points are essential for quality and conclusive analysis

Number of trails Weight & Size of hammer :-

The number of trails on each pile shall .

i) be made with different size & weight of hammer 8.9 N
ii) 6 nos of trials per pile with One hammer

Reports:-

1) The content in the report shall be in line with the above - mentioned ASTM & IS standards.

2) Data interpretation shall be done by well Trained engineer having experience of similar work.
3) Pile results shall be conclusive pile Condition.
4) Pile integrity code shall be assigned referring to standard system proposed by Webster et al ( 2011 )
The following is an example.
AA - Sound shaft/Pile
AB - Sound shaft/Pile with no toe response
PF - Potential Flaw
PD - Potential Defect

Report shall summarize about the procedure from codes atleast with the details under the heads
mentioned.

Page 4 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001 ADS LABTECH

 TABLE-1

Shaft Cross
Toe Wave
Depth section Pile
Pile No. Speed Review
S.NO. (Meter) (From Test Integrity
Response (m/s)
Level)
1 P2-01 Evident 4010 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

2 P2-02 Evident 4027 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

3 P2-03 Evident 4031 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

4 P2-04 Evident 4019 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

5 P2-05 Evident 4037 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

6 P2-06 Evident 4043 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

Refer to conclusion as
7 P2-07 Evident 4026 29.00 Uniform Pile AA detail blow

8 P2-08 Evident 4013 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

9 P2-09 Evident 4040 29.00 Uniform Pile AA

Conclusion:
The test was performed on Nine piles of P2, LC-135. All piles are free from any defect.

Page 5 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001 ADS LABTECH

A DS LABTECH 6 /12 /2 0 24
P2 ( Ma a n) LC1 3 5
PIT- W 2 0 09 - 4

cm/s Pile: P2-1 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N

0.14
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:20:48 PM
0.07 2W 1.02 m 2077.9 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.07 V 0.092 cm/s (0.073)
29.00 m (4010 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 m
cm/s Pile: P2-2 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.30
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:11:26 PM
0.15 2W 1.02 m 1721.6 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.15 V 0.105 cm/s (0.121)
29.00 m (4027 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m
cm/s Pile: P2-3 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.60
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:19:30 PM
0.30 2W 1.02 m 1999.5 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.30 V 0.220 cm/s (0.198)
29.00 m (4031 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m
cm/s Pile: P2-4 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.40
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:19:00 PM
0.20 2W 1.02 m 1934.3 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.20 V 0.163 cm/s (0.201)
29.00 m (4019 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 m
cm/s Pile: P2-5 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.30
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:18:48 PM
0.15 2W 1.02 m 1948.0 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.15 V 0.139 cm/s (0.147)
29.00 m (4037 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 m

Page 6 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001 ADS LABTECH

A DS LABTECH 6 /12 /2 0 24
P2 ( Ma a n) LC1 3 5
PIT- W 2 0 09 - 4

cm/s Pile: P2-6 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N

0.50
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:15:11 PM
0.25 2W 1.02 m 1985.8 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.25 V 0.189 cm/s (0.210)
29.00 m (4043 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m
cm/s Pile: P2-7 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.20
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:17:48 PM
0.10 2W 1.02 m 2003.4 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.10 V 0.087 cm/s (0.094)
29.00 m (4026 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m
cm/s Pile: P2-8 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.40
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:17:56 PM
0.20 2W 1.02 m 2165.7 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.20 V 0.164 cm/s (0.186)
29.00 m (4013 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m
cm/s Pile: P2-9 ACC-N, HAM-E, WT8.90N
0.75
LC-135
5/27/2024 5:18:26 PM
0.38 2W 1.02 m 2003.4 Hz

0.00

x 12.00 L/D=24 (D=120 cm)

-0.38 V 0.227 cm/s (0.225)
29.00 m (4040 m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 m

Page 7 of 8 ADSL/15001/09/5001 ADS LABTECH

 Conclusion

It is for the engineers to decide whether results of the tests point to the likelihood of defects being present
of such significance as to affect materially the long term load carrying capacity of the pile. The engineer
should then decide whether to carry out further examination of the pile or to take remedial action for
which a sound engineering judgment is called for.

Non-Destructive Testing of piles does not provide the load carrying capacity of piles. It does not provide
information regarding verticality or displacement in position of piles. Minor deficiencies like local loss
of cover, small intrusions or type of conditions of materials at the base of piles are undetectable.
Integrity testing may not identify all imperfections, but it can be useful tool in identifying major defects
within the effective lengths. The test may identify& minor impedance variations that may not affect
the bearing capacity of piles. In such cases, the engineer should use judgment as to the acceptability of
these piles considering other factors such as load redistribution to adjacent pile, load transfer to the
soil above the defect, applied safety factors and structural load requirements.

Pile integrity test is not a resultant test; this test provides information about continuity, defect such as
cracks, necking, and soil incursions, changes in cross section and approximate pile lengths.

~~~: END OF THE REPORT: ~~~

ADSL/15001/09/5001

ADS LABTECH

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