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    RUSSIA

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    mabongosibabalwe

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    RUSSIA

    Uploaded by

    mabongosibabalwe
    4 views46 pages

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    4 views46 pages

    RUSSIA

    Uploaded by

    mabongosibabalwe

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    COMMUNISM IN

    RUSSIA
    Paper 1 Question 1 SOURCE BASED
    COMMUNISM
    - Political Idea
    - Russia became the first country to introduce the
    system
    - Ideas of common ownership of the means of
    production and the absence of social classes,
    money, and the state
    - State owned
    - Al classes have equal opportunities (Socialism)
    - Influenced and founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich
    Engels
    •Theory
    of
    Marxism
    PROLETARIAT
    • Urban Working class according to the communist
    literature
    • Influenced by communist doctrine
    • E.G. People in labour who earn less than the middle
    class
    • Marx believed that an armed revolution was
    needed for change
    • Take down Capitalism
    • Dictatorship of the proletariat
    LEADING UP TO THE REVOLUTION
    1905
    • Tsar
    • Nicholas II negligence – Autocratic Monarch
    • Russian Orthodox Church
    • People of Russia were desperate – 85% were peasants
    • Criticism
    • Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries
    (Favourable by peasants)
    • Mensheviks and Bolsheviks (Vladimir Lenin)
    • Political system, social structure, economic conditions
    1894 - 1917
    POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
    STRUCTURE
    • Citizens were heavily taxed
    • Forced military service
    • Landowners were allowed to punish
    • Limited to travelling to other parts of Russia without a passport
    • Serfs - peasants
    • Redemption – Repaying the value of the land they had been
    given by the landlord when they were emancipated
    • Industrial Proletariat – Merchants, artisans, government
    officials, seasonal workers.
    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
    • Industrial Revolution
    • Pressure on peasant workers
    • Increase in taxes
    • 1904 The Russo-Japanese War
    • Grievances and anger towards local landowners

    ❑Worked long hours for low wages


    ❑Dangerous and uncomfortable conditions
    ❑Short supply of housing
    ❑Poor medical care
    ❑Food and drink were expensive
    9 JANUARY 1905
    • Failed revolution
    • Petition
    • 200 000 workers were fired at
    • Bloody Sunday Massacre – Start of the 1905 Revolution
    • Father Gapon
    • First St Petersburg Soviet was formed
    • Leon Trotsky stood up against tsar
    • Tsar established Dumas to appease the people
    • October Manifesto – promise to provide a constitution
    9 JANUARY 1905
    • Chaos – looting, conflict, executions
    • 1906 – Tsar now had to consult Dumas before passing
    a law
    • Tsar dissolved members if he was displeased
    • Nobility would have more representations than the
    lower class
    STRONG AND POPULAR
    LEADER BELIEVED IN THE
    RIGHTS OF ORDINARY
    PEOPLE. BIASED IN FAVOUR
    OF CHANGE IN RUSSIA.
    the legal organizations of workers—the Assembly of
    Russian Workingmen—broke out in St. Petersburg. The
    leader of the assembly, the priest Georgy Gapon,
    hoping to present the workers’ request for reforms
    directly to Emperor Nicholas II, arranged a mass
    demonstration. Having told the authorities of his plan,
    he led the workers
    TROTSKY

    • See as a strong leader


    • Mensheviks – Minority group of ‘The Social
    Democrats’ believed in building mass support
    first then gaining power
    • Believed there was no need to wait for
    industrialisation to revolt
    • Influenced Lenin
    TROTSKY AND LENIN

    • Begin a revolution without alliances


    • Lenin believed all that was needed was a
    VANGUARD
    • Working class party was the key to a successful
    revolution
    WW1

    • Russia Lacked money for weapons and


    provisions
    • Soldiers suffered and defeated several
    times by Germany
    • Poor leadership
    • Shortage of fuel and labour
    • Decreased the state of Russia by 1917
    RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917

    •February

    •October
    FEBRUARY 1917

    • Demonstrations in the capital (Petrograd)


    • Soldiers joined
    • Causes: Political, Economic, Social
    • Fall of Tsar – forced to abdicate
    • Provisional Government but failed to solve solutions
    • Petrograd Soviet
    • Trotsky and Lenin released from exile
    • Lenin: demanded End to war & land be given back
    to peasants
    CAUSES OF FEBRUARY
    REVOLUTION 1917

    1.POLITICAL:
    2. ECONOMIC
    3. SOCIAL
    CAUSES OF FEBRUARY
    REVOLUTION 1917

    1.POLITICAL:
    -Defeats in WW1
    -Poor leadership by the Tsar and his
    government
    -Widespread protest
    CAUSES OF FEBRUARY
    REVOLUTION 1917

    2. ECONOMIC:
    -Effects of WW1
    -Food shortages
    -Rising food prices
    CAUSES OF FEBRUARY
    REVOLUTION 1917

    3. SOCIAL:
    -Anger at the loss of Russia in WW1
    -Inequality in Russian society
    -Rising unrest in towns
    PEACE, LAND AND BREAD

    • Slogan by Lenin
    • Gained mass support for the Bolsheviks
    • ‘All power to the Soviets’
    • PRAVDA – popular Russian newspaper
    OCTOBER 1917 REVOLUTION
    • Attempt to suppress the Bolsheviks but failed
    • Lenin and Trotsky returned from Finland
    • COUP – sudden violent seize of power
    • The Red Guards
    • Seized buildings, railways, power stations
    • Provisional government surrendered
    • Lenin announced new government – Soviet People’s Commissars
    • COMMUNIST RULE WAS IMPLEMENTED
    • Bolsheviks actions was a success
    CAUSES OF OCTOBER
    REVOLUTION 1917

    1.POLITICAL:
    2. ECONOMIC
    3. SOCIAL
    CAUSES OF OCTOBER
    REVOLUTION 1917

    1.POLITICAL:
    -Continued involvement in War
    -Provisional Government faced opposition
    -Return of revolutionary leaders
    -Bolshevik propaganda
    -Growing power of Soviets
    -Formation of Red Guards
    CAUSES OF OCTOBER
    REVOLUTION 1917

    2.Economic:
    -Failure to introduce land
    -Little reforms
    -Poverty
    CAUSES OF OCTOBER
    REVOLUTION 1917

    3.SOCIAL:
    -Unrest
    -Desertions form the army
    CIVIL WAR
    CIVIL WAR
    CAUSES
    • Conflict against Bolsheviks (Menshiviks and Social
    Revolutionaries)
    • Empire cripple forming states (33 Governments)
    • Treaty Brest-Litovsk(Britain, France, Italy)
    • Refused to pay loans
    • Westerns allies rejected communism
    • Requestioning
    PHASES OF THE CIVIL WAR

    PHASE 1
    • Red Army vs Social Revolutionaries

    PHASE 2
    • Whites - Landowners, businessman – wanted the old order to return
    • 1918 – 1921
    • Innocent civilians killed

    PHASE3
    • Greens – peasant vs the Bolsheviks
    • Communists won
    • Civil war ended 1921
    WHY DID THE BOLSHEVIKS WIN?

    • Bigger army – 5 Million in Red Army


    • Trotsky led a disciplined and strong army
    • Controlled the central system of Russia
    • Propaganda
    • Cheka – secret police
    • Red Terror – mass killings of those who oppose
    WHY DID THE ‘WHITES’ LOSE

    • Lack of co-operation
    • Lacked commitment
    • Peasants refused to help
    • Help from allies
    MIND MAPS
    1. 1905
    REVOLUTION

    2. FEBURARY
    REVOLUTION

    3. OCTOBER
    REVOLUTION
    WAR COMMUNISM

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