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    Russian Revolution

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    juliana.bernardi
    The document discusses the causes and results of the Russian Revolution. Key events included the February Revolution overthrowing the Russian monarchy in 1917, the Bolsheviks seizing power led by Lenin, and the establishment of the Soviet Union after a civil war. Stalin later came to power and instituted industrialization policies like Five Year Plans, though they had drawbacks like shortages and poverty for workers.

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    Russian Revolution

    Uploaded by

    juliana.bernardi
    9 views37 pages
    The document discusses the causes and results of the Russian Revolution. Key events included the February Revolution overthrowing the Russian monarchy in 1917, the Bolsheviks seizing power led by Lenin, and the establishment of the Soviet Union after a civil war. Stalin later came to power and instituted industrialization policies like Five Year Plans, though they had drawbacks like shortages and poverty for workers.

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    The document discusses the causes and results of the Russian Revolution. Key events included the February Revolution overthrowing the Russian monarchy in 1917, the Bolsheviks seizing power led by Lenin, and the establishment of the Soviet Union after a civil war. Stalin later came to power and instituted industrialization policies like Five Year Plans, though they had drawbacks like shortages and poverty for workers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views37 pages

    Russian Revolution

    Uploaded by

    juliana.bernardi
    The document discusses the causes and results of the Russian Revolution. Key events included the February Revolution overthrowing the Russian monarchy in 1917, the Bolsheviks seizing power led by Lenin, and the establishment of the Soviet Union after a civil war. Stalin later came to power and instituted industrialization policies like Five Year Plans, though they had drawbacks like shortages and poverty for workers.

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    You are on page 1of 37

    RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

    • Element: Determine the causes and results of the Russian


    Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to
    Stalin’s first Five Year Plan.

    • Vocabulary: Russian Revolution, Bolsheviks, Lenin, Stalin,


    Five Year Plan
    • https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/russian-re
    volution
    Causes of the February Revolution
    Roots of Discontent
    • Russia is slow to industrialize, small upper class controls the govt.
    and economy. Peasants are very poor, very small middle class
    • Tsar Nicholas II allows the creation of a Duma, a legislative body,
    in 1905 but doesn’t allow for his power to be eroded
    • Many plots for revolution, Marxists are trying to get proletariat to
    join, they are factory and railroad workers, miners
    World War I Intensifies Discontent
    • Russian pride comes out at the start of war but with troops not
    having enough supplies things and Nicholas II coming to the front,
    things get worse. He also leaves his wife Alexandra in charge back
    home
    • She takes the advice of a self proclaimed holy man named Rasputin.
    This will weaken the confidence of the people that a group of
    nobles kill him December 29, 1916 to save the crown
    Causes of the February Revolution

    Tsar Nicholas II Steps Down


    • By March 1917 the monarchy is on the brink of collapse
    • There is battlefield losses, fuel and food shortages, and workers
    going on strike
    • Demonstrators are chanting for bread in the streets and the
    government cannot get the military to fire on them.
    • The tsar will abdicate the throne and the Duma will set up a
    temporary government
    • Russia will continue to fight Germany
    CZARIST RUSSIA

    • under Nicholas II
    • lagged behind the rest of Europe
    • technology was not as advanced
    • lacked modern industrialization
    • entered World War I and was not
    prepared for war
    • the nation was poor
    • many peasants were starving
    RUSSIAN SOCIETY UNDER THE
    CZAR
    • Czar Nicholas II –
    absolute power
    • all documents were
    censored
    • Russian was the only
    legal language in the
    empire
    • Secret Police sent
    violators to Siberia
    IMPACT OF WORLD WAR I

    • exhausted more money and food


    away from Russia’s citizens to
    support the war effort
    • millions of Russians, both
    soldiers and civilians, suffered
    and died
    • the czar became more unpopular
    • people of all classes began
    calling for change in the
    Russian government
    INDUSTRIALIZATION LEADS TO
    PROBLEMS
    • Factory work consisted of
    terrible working
    conditions, child labor,
    low wages, and no unions

    • Revolutionary movements
    were starting
    KARL MARX

    • Communism- a system in
    which all private property is
    owned by the community and
    shared by all.
    • He believed wealth should not
    be in the hands of a few.
    • The proletariats or working
    class should revolt and rule the
    country.
    IN SUMMARY…

    • According to the Communist Manifesto, how should wealth be


    distributed?

    • Who’s idea was Communism?

    • Describe the meaning of the term “proletariat.”


    UPRISINGS

    • erupted in 1917
    • among the lower working
    classes, strikes broke out
    • objected to involvement
    in WWI
    • Czar Nicholas II ordered
    troops to put down the
    uprisings
    MARCH REVOLUTION

    • many soldiers switched sides and joined the rebellious crowds


    • Czar Nicholas II abdicated (step down) the throne on March 12
    PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT

    • Government in hands of Duma


    (Parliament)
    • Provisional(temporary)
    government takes over
    • led by Alexander Kerensky
    • Russia stays in World War I
    • Russian people continued to
    suffer
    RISE OF THE BOLSHEVIKS

    Vladimir Lenin:
    • Bolsheviks- Radical group of
    Marxists in Russia
    • Vladimir Lenin led this group
    • opposed Czarist regime
    • fled from Russia in the early 1900s
    to avoid arrest
    OUT OF EXILE

    • Lenin returned in 1917


    with support of Germany
    • the Bolsheviks overthrew
    the government
    BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION

    • Promised to redistribute land and food to the poor, put


    power in the hands of the people, and pull Russia out
    of World War I
    • soon seized control of the Russian Government
    • sign peace treaty with Germany and leave World War I
    IN SUMMARY…

    • Unrest over what issue forced the Czar to step down?

    • Name the Marxist group that wanted to lead a revolution in


    Russia.

    • Who was their leader?


    REDS VS. WHITES

    • Three-year civil war


    • between the Reds-
    supporters of
    Bolsheviks, and the
    Whites-opponents of
    the Bolsheviks
    • after 14 million dead
    the Reds won
    WHITE ARMY SUPPORT

    • Allied countries (Great Britain, France, Japan, and the


    United States) also sent troops to Russia to support the
    anti-Communist forces
    • Wanted to encourage Russia to re-enter the war
    RESULTS OF THE RUSSIAN
    REVOLUTION
    • by 1921 Russia was firmly Communist
    • leaders never forgot the way Western nations sided with the
    anti-Communists
    • start of mistrust between the West and Communist East
    • transfer of power in Russia from aristocrats to leaders from
    the lower classes
    INDUSTRIAL AGE OF RUSSIA

    • Russia ushered into the industrial age


    • people moved out of the country and into the cities
    • importance of education to catch up to the West
    • Bolsheviks determined to become self-sufficient from
    Western Europe
    ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET
    UNION

    Challenges:
    • famine killed millions in Russia
    • nation’s industry collapsed
    • Lenin introduced New Economic Policy
    • allowed a limited amount of private ownership,
    while still maintaining state control over large
    industries and banks
    USSR

    • The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


    • established in 1922 by the Communist Party
    • improved agricultural conditions and new policies revived
    the economy
    • Lenin died in 1924
    IN SUMMARY…

    • What were the two sides who fought in the Russian Civil
    War?

    • What was Russia renamed following their Civil War?

    • Why didn’t Communism work in practice?


    NEW LEADERSHIP

    Leon Trotsky:
    • lead the army during the
    Bolshevik Revolution and
    the Russian Civil War
    • opposed to Lenin’s
    economic changes
    TROTSKY’S VISION FOR USSR

    • allow the state to seize all property and launch a massive


    program of industrialization
    • followers believed that the Soviet Union should do all in its
    power to encourage communist revolutions in other nations
    NEW LEADERSHIP

    Joseph Stalin:
    • joined the Bolsheviks in
    1903
    • won Lenin’s favor after
    leading a bank robbery to
    get money for the party’s
    cause
    • became general secretary of
    the party under Lenin
    STALIN’S RISE TO POWER

    • responsible for appointing


    people to important party
    posts
    • used his position to appoint
    people who later helped
    him seize and maintain his
    power
    • emerged as the nation’s
    dictator
    JOSEF STALIN QUOTATIONS

    • Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem


    • I trust no one, not even myself.
    • Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies
    have guns, why should we let them have ideas.
    • Print is the sharpest and the strongest weapon of our party.
    • In the Soviet army it takes more courage to retreat than advance.
    • The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic.
    STALIN’S ECONOMY

    • Soviet Union was behind


    Western Europe
    • Command Economy-
    Govt. makes all economic
    decisions
    • women were granted
    equal rights and forced to
    enter workforce
    STALIN’S FIVE YEAR PLAN

    • a plan for economic and


    military development
    • high quotas to meet in the
    production in industry
    (Steel, coal…)
    • Citizens often felt
    shortages on food,
    clothing, and housing.
    INDUSTRY

    • sought to increase industrialization in the Soviet Union


    • established new, industrial cities
    • focused on the production of capital goods (goods used to make other goods,
    such as machines)
    IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

    • did little to care for the new industrial workforce


    • many Soviet workers lived in poverty as they worked long
    hours
    • communism offered no promise of more money or
    promotions for hard work
    • industrial production
    AGRICULTURE

    • transformed agriculture
    • instead of independent
    farms owned by peasants,
    Stalin collectivized
    agriculture
    • people worked state-owned
    land together instead of
    owning private land
    AGRICULTURAL RESPONSE
    • many peasants resented this plan
    • protested by hoarding crops and
    killing livestock
    • the protest contributed to a
    famine that killed millions of
    Soviets during the early 1930s
    STALIN’S RESPONSE

    • Stalin’s policies did successfully increase industrial


    production
    • Stalin’s government appealed to national loyalty
    • used the fear of punishment as motivation for Soviet
    workers
    THE PURGE
    • eliminated those perceived to be a threat
    • Bolshevik leaders and a number of military
    officers tried and convicted of crimes
    • many were executed
    • others shipped to Siberian prison camps
    • Trotsky fled to Mexico, only to be murdered
    with a pickax in 1940
    • Stalin murdered millions of his own people
    before the end of his regime in 1953
    IN SUMMARY…

    • Describe the benefits and draw backs of the Five Year


    Plans.

    • Why were women given equal rights?

    • What is a command economy?

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