Detección de fugas de vacío natural FUB-FUB-FB-160001-A11 - V.

4 (Sistema de emisiones evaporativas)

2013 BMW 328i Sedan (F30) L4-2.0L Turbo (N20)
Vehicle > Powertrain Management > Emission Control Systems > Evaporative Emissions System > Description and Operation > Components

DETECCIÓN DE FUGAS DE VACÍO NATURAL FUB-FUB-FB-160001-A11 - V.4

Descripcion funcional

Detección de fugas de vacío natural

FUB-FUB-FB-160001-A11-V.4

Detección de fugas de vacío natural (Detección de fugas de vacío natural)

La detección natural de fugas de vacío (Natural Vacuum Leak Detection) es un sistema de diagnóstico pasivo para el sistema de evaporación de
combustible.

La detección natural de fugas de vacío requiere un tiempo de apagado del motor más largo para identificar una fuga. Por lo tanto, una prueba de fugas
corta no es posible. Dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales, el diagnóstico normalmente requiere que el motor esté apagado entre 6 y 12 horas.

La Junta de Recursos del Aire de California (CARB) ha emitido un reglamento. Este reglamento establece que se debe identificar una fuga general en el
sistema de evaporación de combustible que supere los 0,51 mm (0,02 pulgadas).

Por lo tanto, el sistema de evaporación de combustible debe cumplir los siguientes requisitos:

- Sellado contra el medio ambiente

- Identificar y mostrar una fuga

¡Nota! ¡Versiones del mercado nacional de EE. UU. y Corea!

El diagnóstico de fugas en el tanque de combustible para motores de gasolina es un requisito legal en estos países.

Breve descripción de los componentes

Se describen los siguientes componentes para la detección natural de fugas de vacío (NVDL):

Descripción general del sistema de evaporación de combustible (EE. UU., Corea)

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Se muestra la versión básica

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Articulo Explicación Articulo Explicación

Puntos que deben comprobarse

1 2 Electrónica digital del motor
primero en busca de fugas

Sensor de temperatura de detección Presostato de detección de fugas de

3 de fugas de vacío natural (utilizado 4 vacío natural (versión básica o
solo en versiones básicas) versión integrada)

5 bote de carbón 6 Depósito de combustible

Válvula de ventilación de
7
combustible

Basic version: Natural Vacuum Leak Detection temperature sensor and pressure switch
Two separate components are fitted in the basic version. The temperature sensor and pressure switch belong to the Natural Vacuum Leak Detection.

The temperature sensor and corresponding electronics are secured near the fuel tank. The engine control communicates with the temperature sensor
through a data line connecting the two. The electronics and temperature sensor are supplied from terminal 30F.

The pressure switch is connected to the electronics and temperature sensor. The pressure switch is located on the side of the carbon canister housing.

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 to fresh air filter 2 Pressure switch

3 to carbon canister 4 3-pin plug connection

5 Electronics and temperature sensor 6 5-pin plug connection

Integrate version: Natural Vacuum Leak Detection temperature sensor and pressure switch
In the integrated version, the Natural Vacuum Leak Detection is just one component. The temperature sensor and pressure switch are integrated.

The engine control communicates with the Natural Vacuum Leak Detection through a data line connecting the two. The Natural Vacuum Leak Detection
supplied with terminal 30F.

The Natural Vacuum Leak Detection (temperature sensor and pressure switch) are located on the carbon canister housing.

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

Temperature sensor and pressure

1 2 to carbon canister
switch

3 3-pin plug connection 4 to fresh air filter

Physical principle and pressure pattern

The physical principle is based on the ideal gas law:

Pressure and temperature have a direct proportional relationship when quantity and volume remain constant.

The Natural Vacuum Leak Detection uses this physical principle to identify leaks in the fuel evaporation system.

This means that a vacuum forms when the temperature in the fuel tank drops. The Natural Vacuum Leak Detection uses a temperature sensor to measure
the temperature. The Natural Vacuum Leak Detection uses the diaphragm-operated pressure switch to determine the vacuum. This diaphragm switches
the pressure switch at a certain vacuum / ambient pressure combination.

The following graphic demonstrates the temperature profile and pressure pattern both when there is a leak in the fuel tank and when there is no leak.

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

A Pressure pattern without leak B Pressure pattern with leak

1 Pressure 2 Temperature

System functions
The following system functions for the fuel tank system check are described:

Natural Vacuum Leak Detection (Natural Vacuum Leak Detection)

The tank leak diagnosis takes place in the rest state after the vehicle is switched off. The temperature difference, e. g. between day and night, causes the
fuel in the fuel tank to cool. This causes a vacuum in the fuel tank. If no leak is present, the vacuum remains constant. The pressure switch closes. The
fuel evaporation system is identified as leaktight.

The tank leak diagnosis starts after every driving cycle (after switching off the engine) when the starting conditions are met. Due to the diagnostic
condition, the evaluation normally takes place overnight.

Starting conditions (diagnostic condition):

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The tank-leak diagnosis is started under the following conditions:

- Cold start

- Ambient temperature greater than 4.5 °C

- Cooling of more than 8 °C over longer than 1 hour

- Less than 2500 meters above sea level

- Tank vent valve closed

- Terminal status coastdown or vehicle gone to sleep

- Battery voltage between 11 and 16 volts

- Pressure differential for ambient pressure between engine OFF and engine start less than 6 hPa (6 mbar)

The check is always for leaks larger than 0.51 mm. No distinction is made between a minor leak or a micro-leak.

Due to the design of the Natural Vacuum Leak Detection, there are 5 mechanical states:

Rest state

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Partial vacuum 2 Atmospheric pressure

3 Excess pressure

In the rest state, atmospheric pressure exerts its force on the top of the diaphragm and poppet valve. The inner pressure is not defined here. The pressure
switch is opened. The poppet valve forms a perfect seal. There is no active air circulation between the fuel tank and surrounding area.

Pressure switch closes

Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Partial vacuum 2 Atmospheric pressure

3 Excess pressure

A vacuum in the tank ventilation system raises the top rubber diaphragm against the pressure switch. The pressure switch closes. There is no active air
circulation between the fuel tank and surrounding area. The bottom poppet valve is pressed against the seal by the spring. The tank ventilation system is
not leaking.

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Vacuum approx. 2.5 hPa (2.5 mbar)

Scavenging air mode

Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Partial vacuum 2 Atmospheric pressure

3 Excess pressure

An increased vacuum (scavenging air mode) in the tank ventilation system causes the poppet valve to open slightly. Scavenging air flows from the fresh
air filter into the carbon canister. The vacuum present continues to lift the diaphragm against the pressure switch. The pressure switch remains closed.

Vacuum greater than 8 hPa (8 mbar)

Excess pressure

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Partial vacuum 2 Atmospheric pressure

3 Excess pressure

If the pressure in the tank ventilation system is somewhat greater than the atmospheric pressure, the diaphragm presses down on the poppet valve. The
poppet valve opens. Gas flows out of the tank ventilation system through the fresh air filter and into the open. The pressure switch is opened.

Pressure greater than 2 hPa (2 mbar)

Refueling

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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Partial vacuum 2 Atmospheric pressure

3 Excess pressure

The system pressure increases dramatically while refueling. This causes the top diaphragm to lower. The top diaphragm simultaneously presses down
strongly on the poppet valve underneath. Gas flows out of the tank ventilation system through the fresh air filter and into the open. The pressure switch is
opened.

Tank ventilation system

The tank vent valve controls the regeneration of the activated carbon canister by means of scavenging air. The scavenging air sucked in by the carbon
canister accumulates hydrocarbons (HC) depending on the carbon canister load. The scavenging air is subsequently fed to the engine for combustion.

The creation of hydrocarbons in the fuel tank depends on:

- Fuel temperature and ambient temperature

- Air pressure

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- Fill level in the fuel tank

La válvula de ventilación del tanque está cerrada cuando está desenergizada. Esto evita la entrada de vapor de combustible del cartucho de carbón
activado en el tubo de admisión cuando el motor está parado.

Notas para el departamento de servicio

Notas generales
Con las condiciones de inicio (condición de diagnóstico) en su lugar, la detección natural de fugas de vacío identifica la posición del interruptor de presión
(cerrado o abierto). El control del motor solicita el estado identificado la próxima vez que arranque el motor.

No podemos asumir ninguna responsabilidad por errores de impresión o inexactitudes en este documento y nos reservamos el derecho de introducir
modificaciones técnicas en cualquier momento.

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