External Pipeline Coating - Part 2 - 30-99-37-0017-2

TECHNICAL CENTER & PROJECTS (TC&P)
TECHNICAL CENTER (Engineering)
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
External Pipeline Coatings

Part 2: External Dual Layer Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder Coating for
Line Pipe
DOC. No. 30-99-37-0017-2
THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED FOR USE BY ADNOC ONSHORE AND ITS NOMINATED
CONSULTANTS, CONTRACTORS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS.
Project No.: MASTER Rev : Page : 1 of 67

Engineering Specification
Part 2: External Dual Layer Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder
Coating for Line Pipe
Document No. : 30-99-37-0017-2 Rev :4
Project No. : MASTER Page : 3 of 67
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Sr. Rev.
Date Description of revision
No. No.
1 1 June 2011 First issue
2 2 July 2014 Second issue
3 3 Sept 2017 Third issue
4 4 24/1/2019 Updated with new logo and template
Security Code: 3 - Confidential

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Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Distribution, Intended Use and Regulatory Consideration ......................................... 8
1.3 Abbreviation................................................................................................................... 8
2. References ................................................................................................................. 9
3. Definition.................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 General Definition ........................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Specific Definition ....................................................................................................... 10
4. General Information ................................................................................................ 13
4.1 Information Supplied by the Contractor .................................................................... 13
4.2 Information to be Submitted by the Applicator ......................................................... 13
4.3 Pre-Job Meeting........................................................................................................... 14
4.4 Quality Control Personal ............................................................................................. 14
5. Coating Raw Material .............................................................................................. 14
5.1 Pipe............................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 EPOXY Powder ............................................................................................................ 14
5.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 14
5.2.2 Properties ............................................................................................................................ 15
5.2.3 Packaging ........................................................................................................................... 16
6. Coating Qualification .............................................................................................. 16

6.1 Coating System Qualification ..................................................................................... 17
6.1.1 Finished Coating System Requirement .............................................................................. 19
6.2 Applicator Qualification .............................................................................................. 22
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 22
6.2.2 Coating Process and Applicator Selection ......................................................................... 22
6.2.3 COATING PLANT ............................................................................................................... 22
6.2.4 Qualification ........................................................................................................................ 23
6.3 Preparation of Laboratory-Coated Test Specimens...................................................... 23
7. Production Application Practices and Equipment ............................................... 24
7.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 24
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7.2 Surface Preparation..................................................................................................... 24

7.2.1 Initial Preparation ................................................................................................................ 24
7.2.2 Abrasive Blast Cleaning ...................................................................................................... 24
7.2.3 Dust Level ........................................................................................................................... 25
7.2.4 Surface Pre-Treatment ....................................................................................................... 25
7.3 Coating Application ..................................................................................................... 26

7.4 Coating Thickness ....................................................................................................... 26
7.5 Cut Back ....................................................................................................................... 27
8. Quality Control ........................................................................................................ 27
8.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 27
8.2 Identification of EPOXY Powder Resin ...................................................................... 27
8.3 Ambient Conditions..................................................................................................... 27
8.4 Inspection of Uncoated Pipes Before Blasting.......................................................... 27
8.5 Inspection after Blasting ............................................................................................. 28
8.6 Application Temperatures........................................................................................... 28
8.7 Appearance Thickness and Holidays ......................................................................... 29
8.8 Degree of Cure, Microscopic Examination, Adhesion and Impact Testing ............. 30
8.9 Flexibility Test, Hot Water Test, and Cathodic Dibonding Test ................................ 30
8.10 Acceptance of Failed Pipes ........................................................................................ 30
8.11 Traceability of Pipes Coating ...................................................................................... 31
9. Repair of Coated Pipe ............................................................................................. 31
9.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 31
9.2 Repair of Defects ......................................................................................................... 31
9.3 Stripping and Recoating ............................................................................................. 32
10. Markings .................................................................................................................. 32
10.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 32
10.2 Required Marking ........................................................................................................ 32
11. Handle and Storage................................................................................................. 32
11.1 Raw Material................................................................................................................. 32
11.2 Line Pipe ...................................................................................................................... 33
11.3 Handling of Coated Pipes ........................................................................................... 33

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11.4 Transport of Coated Pipes .......................................................................................... 33

11.5 Storage of Coated Pipes ............................................................................................. 33
11.6 Protecting of Coated Pipes ......................................................................................... 34
12. Test Reports and Certificate of Compliance ......................................................... 34
Appendix A: General Coating Requirements ............................................................. 36
Appendix B: Test Methods .......................................................................................... 37
B.1 Cure Time of EPOXY Powder ......................................................................................... 37
B.2 Gel Time of the EPOXY Powder ..................................................................................... 39
B.3 Dry Adhesion Test .......................................................................................................... 41
B.4 Total Volatile / Moisture Content of the EPOXY Powder – Mass Loss ........................ 42
B.5 Particle Size of the EPOXY Powder ............................................................................... 43
B.6 Density of the EPOXY Powder ....................................................................................... 44
B.7 Thermal Analysis of EPOXY Powder and Cured Coating Film .................................... 46
B.8 Cathodic Disbondment of the Coating .......................................................................... 51
B.9 Interface Contamination of the Coating ........................................................................ 55
B.10 Porosity of the Coating ................................................................................................ 56
B.11 Flexibility of the Coating .............................................................................................. 58
B.12 Resistance to Impact of the Coating ......................................................................... 60
B.13 Cathodic Disbondment of Strained Coating ............................................................... 62
B.14 Hot Water Adhesion of the Coating ............................................................................. 63
B.15 Coating Thickness ........................................................................................................ 64
B.16 Holiday Detection ......................................................................................................... 65
B.17 Phosphoric Acid Treatment ......................................................................................... 66

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1. Introduction
This specification covers ADNOC Onshore technical requirements for external coating of
newly constructed line pipes for onshore and offshore application. Under the general title of
External Pipeline Coatings, this engineering specification consists of the following parts:
1. Part 1: External Polyethylene and Polypropylene Coatings (3-layer PE and 3-layer PP)
2. Part 2: External Dual layer Fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
3. Part 3: External Field joint coatings
It is also specifying different types of coating materials suitable for several categories of
pipeline design temperature up to 120 °C for corrosion protection of welded and seamless
pipes for pipeline transportation systems. The main purpose of this specification is to provide
all requirements related to factory applied and field joint coatings.
The general coating requirements are summarized in Annex A.

1.1 Scope
This part of ADNOC Onshore specifications includes the requirements for qualification,
application, testing and handling of materials for plant application of fusion-bonded epoxy
(FBE) coatings applied externally for the corrosion protection of bare steel pipe for use in
pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries as defined in
ISO 13623.
Suitability of a coating system for a particular temperature class shall be demonstrated by
performing the qualification tests at the relevant test temperature. For a specific project,
additional testing should be performed at the temperature specified in the project
documentation.
The coating system described in this specification shall be made with the use of FBE powder
as the main coating material, by means of suitable surface preparation and application
techniques to obtain the coating properties required for the intended installation and operating
conditions.
Pipes coated in accordance with this specification are considered suitable for additional
protection by means of cathodic protection. Dual layer FBE coatings shall be used for
pipelines with design temperature up to 120 ºC.

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1.2 Distribution, Intended Use and Regulatory Consideration
Unless otherwise authorized by ADNOC Onshore /ADNOC, the distribution of this specification is
confined to companies forming part of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company and to Contractors and
Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated by them. This specification is intended to be used by all
involved in the design, procurement, manufacturing, coating and transport of coated line pipe for oil
and gas production.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent
than in this document, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements
are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety,
environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Company of
any deviations from the requirements of this specification which are considered to be necessary in
order to comply with national and/or local regulations. The Company may then negotiate with the
authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this specification.
1.3 Abbreviation
AFC Approved for construction
DC Direct Current
DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
FBE Fusion-bonded epoxy
HRC Rockwell “C” scale hardness
ID Inner diameter
ITP Inspection and test plan
MOM Minutes of Meeting
MP Manufacturing Plan
OD Outer Diameter
PPD Per Pipe Diameter
PQT Procedure Qualification Trial
QP Quality Plan

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2. References
DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen., External fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating for line pipe
(amendments/supplements to ISO 21809-2)
ISO 21809-2 Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or submerged
pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems — Part 2: Fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
ISO 31-0, Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles
ISO 8130-2, Coating powders — Part 2: Determination of density by gas comparison pyknometer
(referee method)
ISO 8130-3, Coating powders — Part 3: Determination of density by liquid displacement

pycnometer
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of
uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
ISO 8502-3, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paint and related products —
Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces
prepared for painting (pressure-sensitive tape method)
Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 6: Extraction of soluble contaminants for
analysis — The Bresle method
Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 9: Field method for the conductometric
determination of water-soluble salts
Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 4: Method for the
calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile — Stylus
instrument procedure
Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 5: Replica tape method
for the determination of the surface profile
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 11124 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products —
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

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ISO 11357-1, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 1: General principles
ISO 13623, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
SSPC-AB 1), Mineral and Slag Abrasives
SSPC-AB 2, Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives
SSPC-AB 3, Ferrous Metallic Abrasive
SSPC-SP 1, Solvent cleaning

3. Definition
3.1 General Definition
Company
ADNOC Onshore. The party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and
construction. The Company will generally specify the technical requirements. The Company may
also include an agent or consultant authorized to act for, and on behalf of, the Company.
Contractor
The party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction,
commissioning or management of a project or operation of a facility. Company may undertake all or
part of the duties of the Contractor.
Manufacturer/Supplier
Company responsible for the manufacture of coating material(s).
The word “shall” indicates a requirement.
The word “should” indicates a recommendation.
3.2 Specific Definition
Adhesion
Bond between coating and substrate after environmental testing.
Applicator
The party that applies the fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating system in the coating plant.
Batch
The amount of materials produced within one uninterrupted production run of maximum 10 h under
constant production conditions.
Batch Certificate
Certificate of analysis issued by the manufacturer
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By agreement
As agreed between two parties
Certificate of Compliance
Document issued according to ISO 10474 or EN 10204 stating compliance with the purchase order
for coated pipes, but without mention of any test results, issued in accordance with the purchasing
requirements
Chemical Pre-Treatment
The treatment of the blast-cleaned pipe surface with a chemical solution (e.g. phosphate) before
application of the coating layer to improve the adhesion of the coating to the substrate.
Cutback
Length of pipe left uncoated at each end for joining purposes
Glass Transition
Reversible change in an amorphous polymer or in amorphous regions of a partially crystalline
polymer from (or to) a viscous or rubbery condition to (or from) a hard and relatively brittle one
Glass Transition Temperature

Approximate midpoint of the temperature range over which the glass transition takes place
Holiday
A defect penetrating through the coating to the steel pipe surface, whereby its dimensions is
detectable by means of the specified procedures.
Inspector
The party appointed by the Company to witness the Applicator’s quality control of coating materials
and the coating process.
Inspection Certificate 3.2

Document in accordance with ISO 10474 or EN 10204 giving the results of the testing of coated
pipes, supplied and signed by a representative of the applicator authorized to issue such
documents and an inspector designated by a third party.
Laboratory-Coated Test Specimen

Specimen taken from a laboratory-prepared panel.
Manufacturer’s Specification
Document that specifies the characteristics, test requirements and application recommendations for
the coating materials.
Pipe Diameter Length

Any length along the pipe axis equal to the specified outside diameter of the pipe.

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Pipeline
Facilities through which fluids are conveyed, including pipe, pig traps, components and
appurtenances, up to and including the isolating valves.
Pipeline Transportation System

Pipeline with compressor or pump stations, pressure control stations, flow control stations,
metering, tankage, supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA), safety systems,
corrosion protection systems, and any other equipment, facility or building used in the transportation
of fluids.
Qualification Trial
Process of application of the total coating system and subsequently inspection/testing of its
properties to confirm that the coating system and coating applicator are adequate to produce the
coating of specified properties. The qualification trial shall be carried out prior to any start of
production coating.
Shift
Duration of a normal work cycle of which the beginning and end coincide with a change in
personnel. In the context of the quality control procedures, the maximum duration of a shift is 10
hours.
Test Report
Document that provides the quantitative test results for tests conducted in accordance with the
requirements of this specification.
Test Ring
Sample taken from production-coated pipe.
Unit of Production
Unless otherwise specified, a set of pipes coated in one production run on the same coating line,
having the same nominal diameter and wall thickness and coated with the same coating products.
Breaks in production caused by equipment or plant breakdown, factory shutdown, or any break in
production exceeding three days shall be the end of a production run. Subsequent start-up
constitutes a new unit of production.

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4. General Information
4.1 Information Supplied by the Contractor
For a specific project, the Contractor shall submit all technical information to the Applicator
regarding the project, in particular the installation and operating conditions. This information shall
include as a minimum:
- Project name.
- Type of coating required.
- Maximum/minimum design and operating temperature of the pipeline.
- Description of steel pipe.
- Applicable line pipe specification.
- Geographical area (land/sub-sea).
- Expected field joint coating with application guidelines.
- Cutback configuration and finish.
- Expected ambient temperatures during installation.
- Installation method.
- Soil and backfill conditions for land pipelines.
- Subsequent coatings to be applied (weight coating, insulation).
- Requirements for temporary protection of pipe ends.
- Types of cathodic protection.
The Company shall indicate whether a specific brand of coating shall be used or whether the
Contractor/Applicator shall select the coating.
4.2 Information to be Submitted by the Applicator
The Applicator shall submit information to the Contractor/Company on the coating system to be
used. This information shall include as a minimum:
- System identification.
- Manufacturer’s data.
- System qualification information.
- Coating application procedures.
- Name(s) of the proposed Coating Applicator(s).
- Applicator’s qualification information.
- Quality Plan consisting of Manufacturing Plan (MP) and Inspection and Test Plan (ITP).

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The Applicator/Contractor shall confirm that the coating system is suitable for use under the
specified conditions.
4.3 Pre-Job Meeting
The Applicator shall schedule a pre-job meeting to ensure that job requirements are fully
understood. The personnel present at the meeting shall include, but not be limited to, the
company’s representative, contractor’s and the Applicator’s representatives for coating supervision,
quality control and safety. If required a technical representative of the Manufacturer shall be
present. Roles and responsibilities shall be clarified at the pre-job meeting and MOM shall be
issued. It shall be confirmed that all parties have the latest version of the technical specifications,
coating procedure, AFC drawings and ITP.
4.4 Quality Control Personal
Contractor and Applicator shall provide a CV for company approval of highly experienced & certified
inspectors to conduct the coating inspection and job certification. Inspector shall have minimum
5 years’ experience in pipeline coating projects and NACE level II certificate or equivalent.
Company shall conduct an interview for all quality personnel candidates prior the approval. The
assigned coating inspector shall witness all steps of the coating process in accordance with the
approved ITP starting from the PQT till final release of the coated pipes.
5. Coating Raw Material

5.1 Pipe
The pipe being coated shall conform to the pipe standard or specification.
5.2 EPOXY Powder
5.2.1 General
The applicator shall use epoxy powder that is
a) Certified by the manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements of 5.2.2 and 6.1,
and compatible with the requirements of section 8. Material that is not traceable to
satisfactory test certificates shall not be used.

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b) Identified with the following:

- Powder manufacturer’s name.
- Product description.
- Mass of material.
- Batch number.
- Location of manufacture.
- Manufacturing identification number.
- Temperature requirements for transportation and storage.
- Year, month and day of manufacture.
- Expiry date.
Three samples of 50 g each shall be taken from each batch of powder. These samples shall be
marked and stored by the Applicator under conditions such that the powder does not deteriorate.
The Company may request tests on these samples up to six months after delivery of the last coated
pipe of the order, or later if agreed between the Applicator and the Company.
c) Handled, transported, and stored prior to use in accordance with the powder manufacturer’s
recommendations.
5.2.2 Properties
Each batch of epoxy powder shall be tested by the manufacturer in accordance with the
requirements of Table 1. Test results shall be reported in accordance with ISO 10474 and shall be
made available to the applicator upon request. A batch certificate shall be provided by the
manufacturer to the applicator.

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Table 1 — Minimum requirements for epoxy powder
Properties Requirements Test method

Cure time within the manufacturer’s specification Annex. B.1
Gel time within the manufacturer’s specification Annex. B.2
Total volatile/moisture
< 0,5 % Annex. B.4
content by mass
maximum retained on 150 μm and 250
Particle size μm sieves within the manufacturer’s Annex. B.5
specification
Density within the manufacturer’s specification Annex. B.6
The glass transition temperature (Tg2)
Thermal characteristics shall be at least 5 °C above the Annex. B.7
maximum pipeline design temperature.
5.2.3 Packaging
The powder shall be contained in packaging that is clearly labeled to identify the items specified in
5.2.1 b).
6. Coating Qualification
General coating qualification is performed for the purpose of an overall qualification of the coating
system and Applicator, but not necessarily related to a specific project. Coating systems shall be
technically qualified to the satisfaction of the Company and shall be applied by Applicators
approved by the Company.
The general qualification is given independently of line pipe diameter and wall thickness. When
required for specific projects, additional testing should be performed on different line pipe diameters
and wall thicknesses.
To facilitate the selection of suitable coating systems, the coating system shall be qualified at its
maximum allowable temperature. For general coating qualification, the Coating
Manufacturer/Applicator shall specify the maximum allowable temperature. The maximum allowable
temperature shall include the temperature during transport, storage, installation, design and
operation of the coated pipeline.

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6.1 Coating System Qualification

Before a coating, system can be specified for an application, the Contractor or the coating
Manufacturer shall request qualification trials of the coating system. The qualification trials shall be
carried out according to the following procedures.
The Contractor or the coating Manufacturer shall submit all data specified in (5.2).The coating
system shall be applied at the Applicator’s coating line (qualification shall be carried out separately
for each coating line) by the Applicator on at least five pipes of the specified pipe material and the
coating system shall be subjected to the tests as specified in Table 2. The tests shall be carried out
by an independent test laboratory or, if approved by the Company, by the Applicator. The Company
representative shall witness the application and the tests. The number of pipes to be tested and the
test procedures are given in Table 2.
When this specification is used for the coating of bends and/or fittings, the Applicator shall perform
the qualification testing on one straight length of pipe. The required qualification tests for bends and
fittings are the same as for pipes as given in Table 2.
Coating materials that were previously qualified, approved and used in any previous Company
project with no negative results shall be used with no need to repeat the material qualification
process. In such case, only PQT shall be carried out with max testing duration of 48 hrs.
A continuously updated list of the qualified coatings with full commercial names will be held with
Company. However, for the specification, since continuous flow of new coating products and
improvements to existing coatings are carried out by the manufacturers, the inclusion of all the
latest qualified coatings at all times may not be possible.
Table 2: Minimum requirements during Qualification and Coating Production
Test frequency Test frequency

Property Paragraph
Qualification Production
Ambient conditions 8.3 once once every 2 hours
Surface condition before blasting 8.4 5 pipes each pipe
Cleanliness of blast cleaned surface 7.2.2 5 pipes each pipe
Cleanliness of blast cleaned surface first 5 pipes and
7.2.3 5 pipes
(dust level) one of 20 pipes

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first 5 pipes and

Surface profile 7.2.2 5 pipes
one of 20 pipes
first 5 pipes and
Surface cleanliness Soluble Salts 7.2.4 5 pipes
one of 100 pipes
2 per shift – Acid washing
Blast cleaning materials and
8.5 once 4 per shift – No Acid
process
washing
Coating application temperature 8.6 Continuous Continuous
Appearance 6.1.1.1 5 pipes each pipe
each pipe (each layer during
Coating thickness 6.1.1.4 5 pipes
PQT only)
Holiday detection 6.1.1.5 5 pipes each pipe
one of every 50 pipes
Adhesion 6.1.1.6 5 pipes
(minimum one pipe per shift)
Impact 6.1.1.7 5 pipes
Degree of cure of FBE 6.1.1.2 5 pipes
Microscopic examination 6.1.1.3 5 pipes
Hot water resistance 6.1.1.9 2 pipes
Cathodic disbonding 6.1.1.10 2 pipes
Flexibility 6.1.1.8 2 pipes
Cutback 7.5 5 pipes each pipe

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6.1.1 Finished Coating System Requirement

A. Visual Appearance
The coating shall be free from blisters, visual holidays, scratches or any other irregularities and
shall have a uniform colour and gloss.
B. Degree of Cure
The degree of cure shall be determined by differential scanning calorimetric in accordance with
(B.7). The ΔTg value shall be between -2 °C and +3 °C. The glass transition temperature (Tg4)
shall be at least 5 °C above the maximum pipeline design temperature.
C. Microscopic Examination
A sample of the applied coating shall be examined for:
a) Porosity in accordance with (B.10).
b) Surface contamination in accordance with (B.9).
The maximum degree of porosity shall be 2 on the scale given in Figure B.10.1, for both the
cross-section of the coating and at the interface of the coating.
The coating side at the coating-steel interface shall be free of visual contamination. The
maximum allowable contamination is 10 %. The visual surface contamination should be
identified as the percentage of steel dust versus oxide or other particles.
The addition of a saturated copper sulphate solution to the back of the chip will cause steel
dust to be plated with copper to make it easily identifiable. This definition of contaminant types
should help the Applicator adjust the surface preparation procedures to minimize the amount
of surface contamination. (Modified NACE SP 0394 Appendix K).
D. Coating Thickness
The thickness of the cured double layer FBE coating shall be 800 μm ± 50 μm, unless
otherwise specified by the Company. The base coat shall each be 400 μm ± 50 μm
The thickness of the cured FBE coating applied on bends and fittings shall be not less than
800 μm and shall not be more than 1000 μm. The coating thickness shall be measured in
accordance with (B.15).

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E. Holidays
The coating system shall be free from holidays that are indicated when tested in accordance
with (B.16).
F. Adhesion
When tested in accordance with (B.3), the adhesion of the coating system shall be such that
any attempt to remove the coating shall result in a cohesive break in the coating material and
not in an adhesive failure of the coating/substrate interface. An adhesive breakaway from the
point of intersection of more than 2 mm, or a brittle breakaway of flakes of more than 2 mm
constitutes a failure.
Absence of peeling, or a cohesive break less than 2 mm long entirely within the coating,
constitutes a pass. Cohesive failure caused by voids in the coating leaving a honeycomb
structure on the steel surface also constitutes a failure.
For qualification testing, the adhesion of the coating system shall also be tested by the dolly
pull off method in accordance with (B.3). The pull-off adhesion strength shall be more than 10
N/mm2 and the failure mode shall be cohesive for more than 75 % of surface area.
G. Impact Resistance
The impact resistance of the coating system shall be tested at ambient temperature in
accordance with the procedure in (B.12). For the first layer FBE coating system the impact
resistance shall be more than 1.8 J and for the dual layer FBE coating system the impact
resistance shall be more than 3.6 J.
For qualification testing, the impact resistance of the coating system shall also be tested at
-30 °C. The impact resistance shall be more than 1.5 J.
H. Flexibility
The flexibility of the coating shall be such that holidays do not appear when it is tested in
accordance with the procedure in (B.11).

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I. Hot Water Resistance

Hot water resistance shall be tested in accordance with (B.14) at a test temperature related to
the operating temperature as specified in Table 3. The duration of the test for coating
qualification shall be 28 days. After the exposure, the coating shall show no significant
evidence (less than 10 % of the test area) of blistering or disbonding and shall show no failure
of adhesion when tested in accordance with (B.3).
For qualification testing, the adhesion of the coating system shall also be tested by the dolly
pull off method, see (B.3). The pull off adhesion strength shall be more than 7 N/mm2 and the
major failure mode (> 50 % of surface area) shall be cohesive.
For quality control purposes (8.9), the duration of the hot water resistance test shall be 48
hours and the coating shall show no significant evidence (less than 5 % of the test area) of
blistering or disbonding, and shall show no failure of adhesion when tested in accordance with
(B.3).
Table 3: Hot water test temperature
Operating Test
temperature, °C temperature, °C
< 20 20 ± 2
20 to 60 60 ± 2
60 to 80 80 ± 2
Operating temperature ± 2
> 80 (maximum temperature is 95 ± 2)
J. Cathodic Disbonding Resistance
Cathodic disbonding shall be tested in accordance with (B.8) at a test temperature related to
the operating temperature as specified in Table 4.
The duration of the test for coating qualification shall be 28 days. After the test, the maximum
radius of disbonding shall be less than the value given in column 3 (28 days) of Table 4.
For quality control purposes (8.9), the duration of the test shall be 48 hours and the radius of
disbonding shall be less than the value given in column 4 (48 hours) of Table 4.

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Table 4: Cathodic disbonding resistance
Max. disbonding radius, mm

Operating Test
temperature, °C temperature, °C 28 days 48 hours,
Qualification Quality Control
< 20 20 ± 2 5 3
20 to 60 60 ± 2 10 5
60 to 80 80 ± 2 10 5
operating
> 80 10 5
temperature ± 2
6.2 Applicator Qualification

6.2.1 General
Before production application of a coating system may commence, the Applicator shall be qualified
to apply the coating system. The qualification shall be carried out according to the following
procedures:
6.2.2 Coating Process and Applicator Selection
The Coating Contractor shall submit to the Company, information on the required coating process
and recommended Applicators. The information shall include:
1. Description of the coating process.
2. Pipe cleaning procedure and pipe surface preparation (cleanliness, profile, chemical
treatment, etc.).
3. Pipe heating and temperature control.
4. Curing times and quenching details.
5. Recommended Applicators.
6. Coating repair procedures.
6.2.3 COATING PLANT
To demonstrate that the available equipment is capable of applying the specified coating according
to the required standards, each recommended Applicator shall submit details of the coating plant,
including:
1. Layout diagram of the coating plant and pipe routing scheme.
2. General description of the equipment available to carry out the coating process.

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3. Details of process control and inspection equipment, required for the coating process such
as temperature control, thickness control, holiday testers, laboratory equipment.
4. Details of the pipe handling and transport equipment and procedures.
5. Applicator's quality control procedures.
6.2.4 Qualification
After approval of the process and plant details (6.2.2 and 6.2.3) and before production starts, the
Applicator shall submit evidence confirming successful previous experiences in similar projects
using the coating system (or similar) and also that the product is in compliance with the
requirements of this specifications for the tests indicated in Table 2.
When this specification is used for the coating of bends and/or fittings, the Applicator shall perform
the pre-production testing on one straight length of pipe. The required qualification tests for bends
and fittings are the same as for pipes as given in Table 2.
When chemical pre-treatment is to be used for the coating system, the pre-production testing shall
be carried out on chemically treated pipes.
6.3 Preparation of Laboratory-Coated Test Specimens
Test specimens and shall have dimensions in accordance with the applicable test method (see
Annex B). The carbon steel substrate shall be abrasively blast cleaned with steel grit (ISO 11124-3)
to provide cleanliness in accordance with the minimum requirements of ISO 8501-1, grade Sa 2½.
The surface profile shall have a peak-to-trough height of between 50 μm and 100 μm as measured
in accordance with the requirements of ISO 8503-5 (Replica tape method) or equivalent. The
thickness of coating on the completed test specimen shall be 800 ± 100 μm for dual layer FBE
coating.

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7. Production Application Practices and Equipment

7.1 General
The coating system and Applicator shall have been previously qualified in accordance with section
6.
7.2 Surface Preparation
7.2.1 Initial Preparation
All dirt, deleterious matter and contaminants, such as oil and grease, shall be removed from the
pipe prior to coating. If necessary, pipe shall be cleaned in accordance with the requirements of
SSPC-SP 1.
All steel defects and irregularities (e. g. laminations, slivers, scratches) shall be removed by an
approved grinding method. Grinding of steel defects shall not reduce the wall thickness below the
specified minimum wall thickness of the pipe.
All pipes shall be dry prior to entering the abrasive blasts cleaning unit. Before blasting begins, the
chloride contamination may be evaluated according to (7.2.4). A minimum of two locations shall be
selected at the most heavily rusted areas on the pipe surface, including apparent drip lines and
contact lines. The initial chloride level should be used to determine the phosphoric acid surface
treatment parameters. This step can be waived if pipes were fresh water washed before blast-
cleaning.
7.2.2 Abrasive Blast Cleaning
The abrasives used in the coating plant for carbon steel pipes shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 11124 (all parts). The abrasives (including recycled materials) shall be
maintained clean, dry and free from contaminants in accordance with SSPC-AB 1, SSPC-AB 2 and
SSPC-AB 3 or or ASTM D4940 so that the maximuim salt soluble contamination of abrasive shall
not be more than 50 uS/cm.
The cleanliness achieved at entry to the application line shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 8501-1, grade Sa 2½ (“near white metal”). The height of the surface profile
attained shall be within 50 μm and 100 μm as measured in accordance with the requirements of
ISO 8503-5 (Replica tape method) or equivalent.
If grinding is required after blast cleaning, the maximum allowable area of grinding shall be 10 cm2
per meter of pipe length. Any treated surface with an area larger than 25 cm 2 shall be re-blasted to
the cleanliness and roughness as specified above.
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After any grinding or mechanical repairs, the remaining wall thickness shall be checked and
compared with the minimum requirements of the line pipe specification. Pipes not meeting the
minimum wall thickness shall be rejected.
During blast-cleaning, the pipe surface temperature shall be simultaneously higher than 10 °C and
more than 3 °C above the ambient dew point. The relative humidity shall not exceed 85 %.
Line speed and blasting parameters shall not cause any over blasting of the pipe surface and result
in microscopic steel laminations that may disband from the pipe surface. If required by the
Company, microscopic examination shall be carried out.
Stainless steel or non-ferrous abrasives shall be used for blast cleaning of stainless steel pipes.
Immediately after blast-cleaning, all remaining weld spatter and irregularities shall be removed from
the pipe surface by chiseling and/or grinding. No repairs to the pipe shall be made without a
procedure agreed by the Company.
Before coating, the pipe surface shall be cleaned of all dust and foreign matter by means of clean
dry compressed air or vacuum cleaning. The compressed air shall be free of any trace of oil.
7.2.3 Dust Level
The dust level on the blast-cleaned surface shall be of Class 1 (density and size) in accordance
with ISO 8502-3.
7.2.4 Surface Pre-Treatment
Surface pre-treatment in production stage shall be same as qualification stage. The phosphoric acid
wash shall be used. This treatment shall be conducted in accordance with (B.17) and should be
executed after all surface preparation operations and just prior to heating for coating application.
Surface pre-treatment by chromate shall be an optional pre-treatment and subjected to ADCO
approval.
Acid concentration, pipe temperature, dwell time, rinse water conductivity and pipe surface pH shall
be monitored twice per shift. The maximum salt contamination level on the blast cleaned surface
shall be 20 mg/m2 in accordance with ISO 8502-6 or ISO 8502-9 or any other method approved by
the Company.
Coating applicator shall be responsible for complying with to local and international HSE
regulations for using the chemical treatment materials including disposal of the used
chemicals.
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7.3 Coating Application
Blast-cleaned pipes shall be coated within 4 hours. Pipes delayed beyond this period, or pipes
showing any visible rust stains, shall be blast cleaned again. When due to unforeseen
circumstances, the relative humidity is more than 85 %, the blast cleaned pipes shall be coated
within one hour.
The application of the coating shall be in accordance with the coating Manufacturer’s application
procedures. During the coating process, the preheating temperatures shall comply with the
requirements given in the application procedures. The maximum pipe temperature shall be 280 °C.
Heating equipment shall be controlled to maintain uniform temperatures throughout the coating
process.
The use of recycled powder from the same batch shall be permitted but it shall not exceed 20 % of
the total powder mix at any time. Recovery shall be automatic and continuous. This powder shall be
processed through magnetic separators and sieves and then uniformly mixed with fresh powder.
When recycled powder is used, the moisture content of the powder shall be checked at least once
per day and shall be in accordance with (B.4).
The sequence of use of the batches of epoxy powder shall be in the order in which they were
manufactured. Different brands of powders shall not be mixed. During coating, the beveled ends of
the pipes and the pipe bore shall be protected against mechanical damage and from contamination
with coating material.
Each pipe end shall be left uncoated over a length of 150 mm. uncoated pipe ends shall be painted
with a temporary protective anti-corrosive liquid primer (not containing zinc) for transit, unless
otherwise specified by the Company.
If the Manufacturer requires post-curing of the coating on the bends and fittings, this shall be done
in an oven for a maximum time of 15 min, at a maximum temperature of 250 °C. Following such a
curing process, the bend or fitting may be allowed to cool to ambient temperatures in air as an
alternative to water quenching.
7.4 Coating Thickness
The coating thickness shall be measured in accordance with (B.15).

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7.5 Cut Back

The cutback length and tolerances for the FBE coating on both ends of the pipe shall be
150 mm ± 20.
8. Quality Control
8.1 General
During production application of the coating, the Applicator shall carry out the quality control
activities needed to ensure that the coating is applied and stored in accordance with the approved
coating application procedures and that the final product complies with the requirements of this
specification.
An Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) shall be developed specifically for all aspects of work and shall
be approved prior to commencement of manufacturing operations. The minimum quality control
tests to be performed shall be as indicated in Table 2. Records of all coating application and quality
control test results shall be kept in accordance with item (12).
8.2 Identification of EPOXY Powder Resin
The Applicator shall ensure that all materials supplied for the coating operation have been marked
in accordance with item (5.2.3). Material that is not marked shall be removed from the site. The
Applicator shall ensure that all materials are stored according the recommended storage conditions
and time.
Applicator shall check if the supplied epoxy powder is in compliance with the coating certificates.
The Applicator shall check every batch of the epoxy powder as included in table 1.
8.3 Ambient Conditions
The Applicator shall measure the ambient conditions once every 2 hours during blasting and
coating and keep records of prevailing temperature, humidity and dew point. If the conditions are
outside the specified limits, the process shall be suspended until the required conditions are met.
8.4 Inspection of Uncoated Pipes Before Blasting
Before surface preparation starts, each pipe shall be visually examined for dents, laps, defective
bevels and other defects to avoid the coating of unserviceable pipes. Defected pipes shall be
removed from the coating line for repair or, if repair is not possible, pipes shall be rejected.

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The pipe surface shall be visually checked for contamination with salts, oil or grease. Contaminated
pipes shall be cleaned again. If required by the Company, the chloride contamination shall be
checked according to item (7.2.4).
8.5 Inspection after Blasting

Pipes shall be inspected for surface cleanliness according Table 2 Pipes that do not comply with
the requirements in items (7.2.2) and (7.2.3) shall be rejected and blast-cleaned again.
The surface profile shall be measured at regular intervals and on the first 5 pipes following each
change of blast-cleaning material. If the surface roughness is outside the specified limits, the
blasting material shall be checked and replaced as necessary. The affected pipes shall be re-
blasted.
At regular intervals, the blasted surface shall be checked for salt contamination as required in
(7.2.4). If contamination of the surface occurs, the quality of the blasting material and process shall
be examined. If the conductivity of the blasting material is greater than 50 μS/cm, the blasting
material shall be replaced. The affected pipes shall be washed with potable water and dried.
Additionally, the conductivity of the abrasive material shall be checked four times per shift when no
acid wash is performed and two times per shift when an acid wash is performed. The maximum
allowable conductivity is 50 μS/cm.
8.6 Application Temperatures
The temperature of the pipe surface shall be continuously monitored and recorded by means of
suitable instruments, e.g. infrared sensors, contact thermometers and thermocouples. The
instruments shall be calibrated daily and verified at least twice per shift with a method approved by
the Company.
The monitoring instruments shall be independent of the temperature control equipment. The
instruments shall be calibrated prior to each unit of production. Any deviation from the
recommended application temperature range shall be rectified. If immediate rectification is not
possible, production shall be stopped until the cause of the problem has been removed.
Any pipes coated during the duration of the temperature deviation shall be identified by marking and
subjected to additional quality control tests to check curing, adhesion and impact properties. Pipes
that do not comply with the quality control requirements shall be rejected, cleaned and recoated.

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Pipe temperature shall not exceed 280 °C. Pipe heated in excess of this value or pipe with obvious
bluing shall be set aside and clearly marked for final disposition by the Company’s representative.
8.7 Appearance Thickness and Holidays
Immediately following coating application, each coated pipe shall be visually checked for
imperfections and irregularities of the coating, for coating thickness and for the absence of holidays.
Pipes that do not comply with the requirements shall be marked and removed from the coating line
for repair or recoating. If subsequent pipes do not comply with the requirements, the coating
process shall be checked or stopped to remove the cause of the problem. Pipes having a coating of
insufficient thickness shall not be repaired by overcoating.
For a 12-m pipe length the maximum allowable number of holidays to be repaired shall be as
follows (for other pipe lengths a proportional number shall be applicable):
- Up to 200 mm pipe diameter : 4 per pipe

- 200 mm up to 600 mm pipe diameter : 6 per pipe
- 600 mm pipe diameter and above : 8 per pipe.
If the number of holidays per pipe exceeds the figures stated above, the coating shall be removed
and the pipe shall be re-blasted and re-coated. If two consecutive pipes are rejected for this reason,
the coating process shall be checked to determine the cause of the high holiday rate. If the cause is
not resolved after further rejection of consecutive joints, the complete process shall be stopped for
full investigation.
All holidays detected shall be repaired in accordance with the qualified repair procedure.
Holidays caused by metal surface defects shall require the removal of the defect by grinding or filing
of the defect prior to application of the repair material. No repairs shall be made that violate the
applicable line pipe specification. Under no circumstances shall a steel defect be over coated with
repair material.
Each pipe shall be checked for cleanliness of the pipe ends and damage of the beveled ends.
Damaged bevels shall be repaired by means of procedures approved by the Company.

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8.8 Degree of Cure, Microscopic Examination, Adhesion and Impact Testing

At the frequency stated in Table 2, pipes shall be randomly selected and subjected to the identified
tests. After testing the coating shall be repaired in accordance with the qualified repair procedure.
8.9 Flexibility Test, Hot Water Test, and Cathodic Dibonding Test
Test samples shall be prepared for the flexibility test, the hot water test and the cathodic disbonding
test at the frequency stated in Table 2. A sample of sufficient length for all the tests shall be cut
from one end of a selected pipe. After cutting of the test sample, the remaining pipe shall be
marked with the remaining length and the coating cutback and the pipe bevel shall be reinstated as
specified by the Company.
The tests shall be started as soon as possible after coating to allow for adjustment of the coating
process if necessary.
8.10 Acceptance of Failed Pipes

In case that the tested pipes/samples failed to meet the requirements of items (10.8), and/or (10.9),
preceding pipes coated after the last acceptable tested pipe/sample and the pipes coated following
the failed pipe shall be suspect and shall be marked for further testing.
The Applicator shall propose and agree with the Company- a test program to trace any of the
suspect pipes affected by the same failure. Further testing shall involve inspection and examination
similar to that carried out on the original rejected test pipe(s). Based on the test results, the final
acceptance or rejection of the suspect pipes shall be made by the Company. No pipes shall be
dispatched from the coating yard before the Company has approved the quality control results.
The Company retains the right to reject any shift’s or day’s production if the reject rate of that
production is more than 10 % and/or if sample test results are found to be outside the specification
requirements. In addition, the Applicator may be required to stop production and carry out a full
investigation into the source of the problem The Applicator shall submit the results to the Company
before receiving permission from the Company to recommence production.

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8.11 Traceability of Pipes Coating

The Applicator shall ensure that individual pipes are fully traceable during and after the coating
process. If the serial number of the pipe as given in the pipe mill is removed or obliterated, then it
shall be reapplied. The Applicator’s own serial number shall be indicated on the pipe, and records
shall be kept to identify the sequence and time of coating and the batch of epoxy powder used for
each pipe.
Internal stickers or adhesive labels inside the pipe shall not be used. Pipe traceability and
identification shall be discussed during the pre-job meeting.
9. Repair of Coated Pipe
9.1 General
Coated pipe shall be repaired in accordance with the requirements of 9.2 or by stripping and
recoating in accordance with the requirements of 9.3.
9.2 Repair of Defects
The Contractor shall submit detailed procedures for coating repairs.
All coating repair procedures shall be qualified under both coating system qualification and
Applicator qualification. These procedures shall contain as a minimum:
 Repair of surface defects.

 Repair of holidays in accordance to (8.7)
 Repair of scratches and small defects.
 Repair of damages due to quality control testing, typically, adhesion testing, film sampling,
and impact testing.
 Removal of rejected coating and cleaning the pipe to the required standard for recoating.
 Testing to prove the effectiveness of the repairs.
The maximum allowable single repair area is 25 cm2 and the maximum total surface area per pipe
that may be repaired is 40 cm2 including factory, handling, transportation, and storage. Pipes
requiring larger repairs shall be re-coated.
Pipes having insufficient coating thickness shall not be repaired by over-coating.
All pipes that have been repaired shall be fully re-examined in accordance with the quality control
procedures. Minimum quality control requirements for repairs of small defects and damages shall
be identified by the Company.
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Records shall be kept of all repaired pipes and shall include the repair and re-test details.
9.3 Stripping and Recoating
The pipe surface shall be cleaned by a combination of heating to a temperature not to exceed
275 °C, scraping brushing and or abrasive blast cleaning. All previous coating shall be removed
prior to the normal cleaning and coating process. Recoating shall be performed in accordance with
the requirements of Clauses 9 and 10.
10. Markings
10.1 General
Coated pipe shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of 10.2 and with any additional
markings as specified. Additional markings as desired by the Company shall be requested during
the pre-job meeting.
10.2 Required Marking
The following markings shall be placed on the coating:
- Project name
- Applicator’s name.
- Marking related to the pipe specification or standard (material & wall thickness).
- Date of coating application.
- Pipe manufacturer, pipe number, pipe OD, and wall thickness.
Marking shall be carried out using a method such as stencil painting or printing, to ensure legible
and indelible identification.
11. Handle and Storage
11.1 Raw Material
The Applicator shall obtain from the material Manufacturer copies of their most recent technical
data sheets describing the product, its general performance, and application requirements. The
Applicator shall obtain from the Manufacturer certification for each batch or lot of material to be
used that includes basic physical properties of the coating materials.
All coating materials shall be furnished in unopened, clearly identified containers that include details
of the material, batch number, and date of manufacturing. Coating materials handling, including
storage, shall be as recommended by the Manufacturer. Material shall not be used after its

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expiration date. Contaminated material and material showing any sign of degradation shall not be
used. All materials shall be approved by the Company
11.2 Line Pipe
The Coating applicator shall receive copy of the pipes TALLY sheet delivered by the Line Pipe
Manufacturer and shall keep a record of the serial numbers of the delivered pipes. Upon receipt, the
pipes shall be inspected for transport damage or other defects. Damaged pipes shall be separately
stored and reported to the Contractor / Company. Repairs shall only be carried out after approval by
the Company.
11.3 Handling of Coated Pipes
Coated pipe, in all stages, shall be handled in a manner that avoids damage to the pipe, pipe ends
and coating. Coating applicator shall submit details of the handling procedures; such procedures
shall include loading requirements where the applicator is responsible for loading.
Coating that is damaged after the holiday inspection shall be repaired in accordance with the
requirements of section 9.
Coated pipes shall have full encirclement separators around each length. Such separators shall be
sized and located in order to prevent damage to the coating.
11.4 Transport of Coated Pipes
Coated pipes shall be prepared for transport or shipment in accordance with API RP 5L1 or
API RP 5LW, whichever is applicable. During transportation, pipes shall be stacked and secured so
as to prevent movement, abrasion and/or peening.
The coated pipes shall be inspected for damages during load-out by using the holiday detection
procedure as specified. Coating damage, if not exceeding the requirements of this specification,
shall be repaired with no additional cost. Damaged coating that exceeds the allowable limits of this
specification at load-out shall be stripped and the pipe shall be recoated with no additional cost.
11.5 Storage of Coated Pipes
Contractor shall submit details of the facilities and the methods to be used for pipes storage. Pipes
shall be stored in designated areas. Pipes shall not be stored with other consignments or pipes for
other contracts. Pipes shall be stacked only to such a height that damage or deformation to the
coated pipes due to the weight of other pipes shall not occur.

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Pipe supports shall be spaced so that no bending of pipes occurs. Pipe supports shall be made of
soft padded wooden bolsters or sand rows, free of stones, covered with plastic sheets. The pipe
surface shall be at least 150 mm clear from the soil.
Piles of pipe shall be secured by wooden wedges or ground pins, provided with adequate padding
to prevent coating damage, and of sufficient size to prevent collapse of the piles. Coated pipes shall
be stacked using soft separators such as rubber pads. It is required to have at least four separators
(approved by the Company) for every 12 m pipe. End caps shall remain fixed to all pipe ends at the
storage yard for both bare and coated pipes.
11.6 Protecting of Coated Pipes
Coated pipes shall be protected in all stages from mechanical damage and UV exposure.
Contractor shall provide, for Company approval, a handling, transportation and storage procedure
including protection of coated pipes. Coating material manufacturer shall be consulted regarding the
proper protection from UV. After installation of a coated pipeline, portions that shall be full time
exposed to UV shall be protected using a proper and durable UV resistance material proposed by
the contractor for company approval.
12. Test Reports and Certificate of Compliance
An Inspection certificate of type 3.2 according to ISO 10474:2013 or EN 10204 shall be issued by
the applicator, which provides the results from the inspection and testing of the coated pipes in
accordance with the requirements of this specification.
Contractor shall keep accurate records of all relevant data of the coating process. This
documentation shall include:
 Copies of the coating system information.
 Copies of qualification information.
 Copies of, or reference to, all procedures for coating the pipes.
 Serial numbers of all pipes as given by the Line Pipe Manufacturer (e.g. by copies of the
pipe mill data sheets).
 Serial numbers as given by the coating Applicator (if applicable) related to the
Manufacturer’s serial numbers.
 The order of coating, the day and shift of coating of each pipe.
 The batch numbers of the coating materials, the day and time of loading of each batch.
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 Serial numbers of rejected pipes and the reason for rejection.

 Records of any repairs.
 The results of all quality control testing.
 Records of temperatures during the coating process for each pipe, with the processing time
of every tenth pipe, shall be marked on the temperature chart with the pipe number.
 Names and signatures of the responsible persons for the coating process and quality
control.
 The calibration certificates of the testing and inspection instruments.
This document shall be submitted to the Company after completion of the coating works.

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Appendix A: General Coating Requirements

Design
Coating General Requirements Reference
Temperature
- 3LPE coating shall be used
- Thickness shall be as per table 7a (Section I)
- Tg2 of FBE primer shall be min. 5 oC above the pipeline design

temperature
Part 1 for factory
applied coating
- Field joint coating shall be PE heat shrink sleeve and epoxy
≤ 80 oC
primer with the same characteristics.
Part 3 for field joint
coating
- Coating repairs at shop & field shall be proposed by the
Contractor & shall be part of PQT
- Above ground portions of the pipeline shall be protected against

UV using a long term UV resistant cold wrapping tape or
equivalent suitable for 80 oC
- 3LPP coating shall be used.
- Thickness shall be as per table 7a (Section I)
- Tg2 of FBE primer shall be min. 5 oC above the pipeline design

temperature.
Part 1 for factory
applied coating
- Field joint coating shall be PP heat shrink sleeve and epoxy
≤ 100 oC
primer with the same characteristics.
coating
- Coating repairs at shop and field shall be proposed by the
Contractor and shall be part of the PQT.

equivalent suitable for 100 oC
- 2LFBE coating shall be used
- Thickness shall be 2 x 400 µm.
- Tg2 of the first layer shall be min. 5 oC above the pipeline design
temperature. Part 2 for factory
applied coating
≤ 120 oC - Field joint coating shall be a spray applied liquid epoxy or FBE
- Coating repairs at shop & field shall be proposed by the coating
Contractor & shall be part of PQT

polyurethane paint suitable for 120 oC

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Appendix B: Test Methods

B.1 Cure Time of EPOXY Powder
The equipment shall consist of the following:
B.1.1.1 Hotplate, controllable to within 3 °C.

B.1.1.2 Metal plate, approximately 25 mm 150 mm 150 mm.
B.1.1.3 Contact thermometer.
B.1.1.4 Timing device.
B.1.1.5 Draw-down tool (see Figure B.1.1).
B.1.1.6 Spatula.
B.1.1.7 Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), with cooling accessory.
B.1.1.8 Utility knife, having a length, without the blade, of 135 mm 20 mm and a one-piece metal
blade, 0,65 m 0,1 m thick, with an exposed cutting edge of 25 mm 5 mm with other dimensions
as shown in Figure B.1.2.
Figure B.1.1 — Draw-down tool
Figure B.1.2 — Utility knife blade

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B.1.2 Procedure
B.1.2.1 Heat and maintain the metal plate temperature at 232 °C ± 3 °C.
B.1.2.2 Use the draw-down tool to deposit a film of epoxy powder on the metal plate to achieve a
film thickness of 350 μm to 500 μm. Start the timing device at the instant of powder deposition on
the hotplate surface.
B.1.2.3 Before the film has gelled completely, scribe the film generally as shown in Figure B.1.3,
using the utility knife or spatula to produce 10 strips of coating.
B.1.2.4 Following 30 s ± 1 s after the timing device has started, using the utility knife, remove a strip
of coating and immediately quench it in cold water.
B.1.2.5 For each additional 30 s ± 1 s of elapsed time, repeat the operation required by B.1.2.4.
Remove the coating strips in sequential order following the direction of film drawn, starting at the
beginning of the draw.
B.1.2.6 Using the differential scanning calorimeter, determine the change in glass transition value,
Tg, or the percentage conversion, C, in accordance with the requirements of B.7.4.3.1 or
B.7.4.3.2, respectively.
B.1.2.7 As specified by the powder manufacturer, plot time versus Tg or time versus the
percentage conversion.
Figure B.1.3— Cure film
B.1.3 Results
The following information shall be recorded:
 Epoxy-powder batch number.

 Date of testing.
 Time, in seconds, corresponding to a Tg of 2 °C, or the time in seconds
corresponding to a conversion, C, of 99 %.

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B.2 Gel Time of the EPOXY Powder
B.2.1 Equipment

B.2.1.1 Hotplate, controllable to within 3 °C.
B.2.1.2 Metal plate, for placing on top of the hotplate.
B.2.1.3 Stopwatch or electric timing device, capable of measuring 0,1 s intervals.
B.2.1.4 Draw down tool (see Figure B.1.1).
B.2.2 Procedure
B.2.2.1 Conduct three tests and average the results.

B.2.2.2 Heat and maintain the temperature of the metal plate surface that will be in contact with the
powder at a temperature of 205 °C ± 3 °C.
B.2.2.3 Cover the bottom 25 mm of the draw-down tool with epoxy powder.
B.2.2.4 In a smooth motion, deposit and draw the epoxy powder across the metal plate while
holding the tool at an angle of approximately 45° to the metal plate, thereby creating a tongue of
epoxy powder approximately 25 mm wide.
NOTE The target thickness of the cured film is 350 μm to 500 μm.
B.2.2.5 Start the timing device at the instant of powder deposition on the metal plate.
B.2.2.6 The draw-down tool is held at an angle of approximately 45° to the hot plate surface, in a
manner that allows most of the tool’s weight to be borne on the plate. Repeatedly draw the edge of
the tool through the melted epoxy powder. Stop the timing device when the tool rides up on the
gelled powder and no longer contacts the metal plate, as illustrated in Figure B.2.1.

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Figure B.2.1 — Gel time assessment

B.2.3 Results

 Gel time, expressed in seconds.

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B.3 Dry Adhesion Test

B.3.1 Equipment
The following equipment is required
B.3.1.1 Utility knife, see B.1.1.8.
B.3.2 Test specimens
Test can be carried out in situ on pipe or on a laboratory sample/test ring.
B.3.3 Procedure
B.3.3.1 Inscribe a V-cut with two 20 mm lines intersecting at approximately 5 mm from their ends at
30° to 45°.
B.3.3.2 Insert the blade of the knife at the point of the V-cut, 45° to the surface, then with an upward
flicking action attempt to dislodge the coating within the V. If little or no coating is removed, repeat
this action within the V at least four times to confirm the integrity of the coating.
For qualification purposes, in addition to the knife test, the adhesion strength of the coating shall be
tested by a pull-off test according to ISO 4624.
B.3.4 Results

 Adhesion rating.
Testing of production coating requires pipe number or identification.

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B.4 Total Volatile / Moisture Content of the EPOXY Powder – Mass Loss
B.4.1 Procedure A (manual procedure)
B.4.1.1 Equipment
1. Oven, controllable to within 3 °C.
2. Balance, accurate to 0,001 g.
3. Desiccator.
4. Sample container.
B.4.1.2 Procedure
1. Weigh the sample container to the nearest 0,001 g. Transfer approximately 10 g of epoxy
powder into the sample container and spread evenly. Weigh the sample container and
epoxy powder to the nearest 0,001 g.
2. Place the sample container with the epoxy powder into the oven for a maximum of 2 hrs at
105 °C ± 3 °C. Remove the container from the oven, and place it in a desiccator to cool.
Weigh the sample container when it has cooled to 20 °C± 3 °C, and then return it to the
desiccators; repeat at intervals of 60 min ±10 min until two consecutive mass determinations
are within 0,001 g.
3. Calculate the percentage moisture, wm, expressed in percent, using Equation (B.4.1):
𝑀I−𝑀F
𝑤m = 𝑥 100 (B.4.1)
𝑀I−𝑀c
where
Mi is the initial mass of sample container and epoxy powder, expressed in grams.
Mf is the final mass of sample container and epoxy powder, expressed in grams.
Mc is the mass of sample container, expressed in grams.
B.4.2 Procedure B (automatic procedure)
The moisture content of the epoxy powder shall be determined using a machine that automatically
determines moisture content by mass loss.
B.4.3 Results
- Epoxy-powder batch number.

- Date of testing.
- Procedure use.
- Percentage of moisture content.

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B.5 Particle Size of the EPOXY Powder

B.5.1 Equipment
The equipment required shall consist of the following:
B.5.1.1 Air-jet sieving unit, with vacuum cleaner attachment and 150 μm and 250 μm screens.
B.5.1.2 Balance, accurate to 0,01 g.
B.5.2 Procedure
B.5.2.1 Weigh the sieve and one screen to the nearest 0,01 g. Place approximately 20 g of epoxy
powder onto the top of the screen, and record the weight of the powder to the nearest 0,01 g.
B.5.2.2 Place the sieve into the sieving unit, cover the unit, and secure it. Operate the sieving unit
for 3 min and remove the cover.
B.5.2.3 Remove the sieve, and weigh it to the nearest 0,01 g.
B.5.2.4 Calculate the percentage of epoxy powder, wep, retained on the screen as given in
Equation (B.5.1):
𝑀r−𝑀s
𝑊ep = 𝑀p
𝑥 100 (B.5.1)
where
Mp is the initial mass of powder placed on screen, expressed in grams;

Mr is the final mass of sieve, screen and retained powder, expressed in grams;
Ms is the initial mass of sieve and screen, expressed in grams.
B.5.2.5 Repeat, using the other screen.
B.5.3 Results
 Percentage of powder retained for each screen size.

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B.6 Density of the EPOXY Powder

B.6.1 General
At the option of the applicator, the density of the epoxy powder shall be determined using the
procedure described in either B.6.2 or B.6.3. The test temperature shall be 20 °C ± 3 °C.
B.6.2 Procedure A (manual procedure)

B.6.2.1 Equipment
1. Balance, accurate to 0,01 g.
2. Flask, 100 ml volumetric.
3. Mineral spirits.
B.6.2.2 Procedure
1. Weigh the flask to the nearest 0,01 g.
2. Add approximately 20 g of epoxy powder to the flask and weigh the flask plus epoxy
powder to the nearest 0,01 g.
3. Add sufficient mineral spirits to cover and wet the epoxy powder. Fix a stopper to the flask,
and agitate it for several minutes, ensuring that neither air pockets nor lumps of powder
exist. Wash the stopper and walls of the flask with mineral spirits until they are free of
powder and the flask is filled to the 100 ml level. Weigh the flask plus epoxy powder and
mineral spirits to the nearest 0,01 g.
4. Empty the flask. Clean and dry the flask, add 100 ml of mineral spirits and weigh the flask
plus mineral spirits to the nearest 0,01 g.
5. Calculate the density of the mineral spirits, ρs, expressed in grams per liter, using Equation
(B.6.1):
𝑀fs−𝑀f
𝜌s = 𝑥 100 (B.6.1)
0.1
Where :
Mfs is the mass of flask plus mineral spirits, expressed in grams.
Mf is the mass of flask, expressed in grams.

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6. Calculate the density of the epoxy powder, ρp, expressed as grams per liter, using Equation
(B.6.2):
𝑀fp−𝑀f
𝜌p = 0.1−(𝑀𝑓𝑝𝑠 −𝑀𝑓𝑝)/𝜌s
𝑥 100 (B.6.2)
Where:
Mfp : is the mass of flask plus epoxy powder, expressed in grams.
Mf : is the mass of flask, expressed in grams.
Mfps : is the mass of flask plus epoxy powder and mineral spirits, expressed in grams.
𝜌s : is the density of mineral spirits, expressed in grams per liter.
B.6.3 Procedure B (automatic procedure)

The density of the epoxy powder shall be determined using an air or helium pyknometer in
accordance with ISO 8130-2 or ISO 8130-3.
B.6.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Procedure used.
- Type of pyknometer used for Procedure B.
- Density of the epoxy powder, expressed in grams per liter.

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B.7 Thermal Analysis of EPOXY Powder and Cured Coating Film

B.7.1 General
Thermal analysis is used to characterize the uncured epoxy powder and the cured coating film.
The method that shall be used is differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The general procedure
and definitions are given in ISO 11357-1. General handling and calibration shall be performed as in
ISO 11357-1 unless otherwise stated in this specification.
B.7.2 Equipment
B.7.2.1 Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), with cooling accessory.

B.7.2.2 Balance, accurate to 0,1 mg.
B.7.2.3 Press, for sample encapsulation.
B.7.2.4 Aluminum pans, with covers.
B.7.2.5 Supply of dry N2, analytical grade.
B.7.3 Procedure and measurement for epoxy powder
B.7.3.1 Measurement
The following heating cycles, starting with run (a) as the conditioning run, shall be performed:
 Run (a): Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to 70 °C ± 5 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then

immediately cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
 Run (b): Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to 275 °C ± 5 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then
immediately cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
 Run (c): Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to Tg ± 40 °C (typically 150 °C) at a rate of 20
°C/min, then immediately cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
For certain epoxy powders, different heating cycles can be necessary according to the instructions
of the epoxy powder manufacturer.
B.7.3.2 Evaluation of results

1. Glass transition temperature, Tg:
The Tg of the epoxy powder is calculated at the point of inflection intersection (see Figure
B.7.1). Tg1, the glass transition temperature of the uncured powder, is obtained by evaluating
run (b) and Tg2, the glass transition temperature of the cured material, is obtained by
evaluating run (c).

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2. Heat of reaction of EPOXY powder

The exothermic heat of reaction, H, is obtained by integrating the exothermic peak of the
DSC-scan.
Figure B.7.1 — Examples of thermal scans of epoxy powder
B.7.4 Procedure and measurement for coating sample
B.7.4.1 General
A representative sample of the cured film is taken.

Weigh in 10 mg ± 3 mg to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. The pan is sealed with the cover. Determine final
weight after sealing.
Place the sample and the reference sample in the DSC cell and purge with dry N2 gas

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B.7.4.2 Measurement
The following heating cycles, starting with run (a) as the conditioning run, shall be performed.
 Run (a): Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to 110 °C± 5 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min and hold
for 1,5 min, then cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
 Run (b): Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to 275 °C ± 5 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then
cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
 Run (c) Heat the sample from 25 °C ± 5 °C to Tg ± 40 °C (typically 150 °C) at a rate of 20
°C/min, then cool the sample to 25 °C ± 5 °C.
For certain EPOXY-powders, different heating cycles can be necessary according to instructions of
the epoxy powder manufacturer. Samples taken from pipes that have been stored or buried shall be
dried before testing.
B.7.4.3 Evaluation of results
1. Glass transition temperature, Tg
The Tg for the coating is calculated as the inflection point (see Figure B.7.2), where Tg3 is
the glass transition temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius, of run (b) in B.7.4.2 and Tg4
is the glass transition temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius, of run (c) in B.7.4.2.
For coatings, determine Tg, the change in the glass transition temperature, expressed in
degrees Celsius, value using Equation (B.7.1):
Tg = Tg4 - Tg3 (B.7.1)

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Figure B.7.2 — Examples of thermal scans on coating
2. Residual heat of reaction of cured coating
The exothermic heat, ΔH1, of reaction is obtained by integrating the exothermic peak of the
DSC scan run (b) in B.7.4.2. In a fully cured coating film, no residual heat of reaction should
be observed.
The degree of conversion, C, can be calculated from Equation (B.7.2):
𝐻 − 𝐻1
𝐶= X 100 (B.7.2)
𝐻1
Where:
H: is exothermic heat of reaction of the powder; run (b) in B.7.3.1.
H1: is exothermic heat of reaction of the powder; run (b) in B.7.4.2.

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B.7.5 Results
- Type of material and batch number.

- Date of testing.
- Type of DSC equipment.
- For the epoxy powder Tg1, Tg2, H.
- For the cured coating film Tg3, Tg4, Tg, H1 and C.

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B.8 Cathodic Disbondment of the Coating

B.8.1 Equipment
B.8.1.1 Power supply, rectified DC., with controlled voltage output.

B.8.1.2 Hotplate, with a steel tray containing sand or steel grit/shot controllable to within 3 °C, or
oven, controllable to within 3 °C.
B.8.1.3 Calomel reference electrode.
B.8.1.4 Platinum wire electrode, 0,8 mm.
B.8.1.5 Plastic cylinder, 75 mm ± 3 mm ID.
B.8.1.6 Sodium chloride, 3 % solution in distilled water.
B.8.1.7 Utility knife (see B.1.1.8).
B.8.1.8 Drill bit, 3 mm to 6 mm (see Figure B.8.1).
Figure B.8.1 — Production of an artificial defect

Laboratory-coated test specimens shall be approximately 6,4 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm.
Specimens from test rings shall be approximately 100 mm x 100 mm x pipe wall thickness.
B.8.3 Procedure
B.8.3.1 Use only test specimens that are confirmed to be holiday-free with a holiday detector in
accordance to (B.16)

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B.8.3.2 A 6 mm diameter holiday shall be drilled in the center of the test specimen through the
coating to expose the steel substrate (see Figure B.8.1).
B.8.3.3 Centre the plastic cylinder over the holiday and apply a sealant to form a water-resistant
seal.
B.8.3.4 Fill the cylinder to a height of at least 70 mm with the sodium chloride solution that has been
preheated to the test temperature. Mark the solution level on the cylinder. Insert the electrode into
the solution and connect it to the positive wire from the DC. power supply. Attach the negative wire
from the DC power supply to a bare spot prepared on the test specimen.
B.8.3.5 By means of a potentiostat, the electrochemical potential of the steel shall be polarized to -
1500 mV ± 10 mV with respect to the SCE. This potential shall be maintained throughout the test.
The current required to maintain the potential shall be checked and recorded daily.
The duration of the test shall be 28 days, after which the sample shall be removed from the cell and
examined. For quality control purposes, the duration of the test shall be 48 hours; see (6.1.1.10).
For tests at elevated temperatures, the temperatures shall be controlled as follows:
- If the cell has been constructed on the pipe sample, the steel sample shall be placed in a
thermostatically controlled furnace or sand bath that also covers the top surface of the
sample with at least 1 cm of sand. The furnace or bath shall be adjusted to maintain the
required test temperature on the pipe surface in the test defect.
- During tests at elevated temperatures, suitable reflux coolers shall be used to prevent
evaporation of the test electrolyte.
B.8.3.6 Upon test completion, dismantle the test cell, air cool the specimen to 20 °C ± 3 °C, and
evaluate the cathodic disbondment characteristics of the test specimen within 1 hr of the removal
from heat.
B.8.3.7 Using the utility knife, make eight radial cuts through the coating to the substrate. Such cuts
shall extend at least 20 mm from the center of the holiday.
B.8.3.8 Insert the tip of the blade of the utility knife under the coating at the holiday. Using a levering
action, chip off the coating. Continue until the coating demonstrates a definite resistance to the
levering action.
B.8.3.9 Measure the disbonded distance from the edge of the original holiday along each radial cut,
and average such measured values.

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Figure B.8.2 — Electrolytic cell for NPS 4 and larger diameter pipe
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Figure B.8.3 — Electrolytic cell for pipe smaller than NPS 4 diameter pipe
B.8.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Average disbondment value, expressed in millimeters.
- Maximum disbonding radius (mm).
- Photos of the exposed test specimen.

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B.9 Interface Contamination of the Coating

B.9.1 Equipment
B.9.1.1 Stereo microscope.


Test specimens shall be approximately 25 mm x 200 mm x pipe wall thickness, with the 200 mm
dimension parallel to the axis of the pipe.
B.9.3 Procedure
B.9.3.1 Use the utility knife to remove a piece of coating approximately 3 mm x 20 mm from the test
specimen bent in accordance with the requirements of B.10.3.1.
B.9.3.2 Examine the metal interface side of the coating with the stereo microscope at 40X
magnification.
Estimate the percentage of interface contamination.
B.9.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Percentage of interface contamination.

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B.10 Porosity of the Coating
B.10.1 Equipment

B.10.1.1 Stereo microscope, magnification 40 .
B.10.1.2 Bench vise or guided-bend jig.
B.10.1.3 Dry ice or freezer.
B.10.1.4 Utility knife (see B.1.1.8)
Laboratory-coated test specimens shall be approximately 6,4 mm x 25 mm x 200 mm. Specimens

from test rings shall be approximately 25 mm x 200 mm x pipe wall thickness, with the 200 mm
B.10.3 Procedure
B.10.3.1 Cool the test specimen to at least 30 °C and bend it approximately 180° in the bench
vise or guided-bend jig.
B.10.3.2 Pry off a piece of coating from the bent test specimen and examine the coating for porosity
at 40X magnification.
B.10.3.3 The presence of foaming and voids at the cross-section of the coating (section
perpendicular to the pipe surface) and at the coating interface (section parallel to the pipe surface)
shall be rated according to the pictorial scale in Figure B.10.1.

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Figure B.10.1 Degree of porosity of FBE film
B.10.4 Results
The following information shall be recorded :

- Date of testing.
- Cross-section porosity rating.
- Interface porosity rating.

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B.11 Flexibility of the Coating

B.11.1 Equipment

B.11.1.1 Hydraulic press.
B.11.1.2 Bending mandrels, with fixed radii.
B.11.1.3 Freezer.
B.11.1.4 Strain gauges (if applicable).

Laboratory-coated test specimens shall be approximately 6,4 mm x 25 mm with a minimum length
of 200 mm. Specimens from test rings shall be the pipe wall thickness with a width of 25 mm and a
minimum length of 200 mm. The length of 200 mm dimension shall be parallel to the axis of the
pipe.
B.11.3 Procedure
B.11.3.1 Smooth the coating on the edge of the sample to remove any potential stress risers. Place
the test specimen in the freezer, cool it to 0 °C ± 3 °C, and hold for a minimum of 1 hr.
B.11.3.2 Determine the sample thickness, d, which includes the specimen thickness and any
curvature, by placing the specimen on a flat surface and measuring the thickness as shown in
Figure B.11.1.
B.11.3.3 Determine the mandrel radius, R, that corresponds to an angle of deflection of 2°ppd
length from
Equation (B.11.1):
R =28.15 d (B.11.1)
Where
R: is the mandrel radius, expressed in millimeters;

d : is the sample thickness, expressed in millimeters.
B.11.3.4 Bend the test specimen over a mandrel whose radius is not larger than that determined in
accordance with the applicable requirements of B.11.3.3. Bend the specimen such that the
operation lasts no longer than 10 s and is completed within 30 s of the test specimen having been
removed from the freezer.

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NOTE where the sample exhibits peaking, the percent strain can be calculated by the use of
stain gauges attached to the test specimen.
B.11.3.5 Warm the bent test specimen to 20 °C ± 5 °C, and hold it in this temperature range for a
minimum of 2 hrs. Within the next hour, visually inspect it for the presence of cracks.
Figure B.11.1 — Effective strap thickness diagram
B.11.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Specified angle of deflection.
- Cracking, if any.
Testing of production coating requires pipe number or identification

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B.12 Resistance to Impact of the Coating
B.12.1 Equipment
B.12.1.1 Impact tester, with

- 1 kg falling mass,
- 15,8 mm diameter ball-bearing tub,
- 1 m long graduated slotted tube,
- For laboratory-coated specimen testing, flat anvils hardened to 55 HRC 5 HRC,
- For testing specimens from test rings, an anvil of 40 mm radius hardened to 55 HRC 5
HRC,
- Attached wooden base measuring at least 600 mm x 600 mm x 600 mm, with the top of the
base being hardwood.
B.12.1.2 Holiday detector, DC.

B.12.1.3 Freezer.
Laboratory-coated test specimens shall be approximately 6,4 mm x25 mm x 200 mm. Specimens
from test rings shall be approximately 25 mm x 200 mm x pipe wall thickness, with the 200 mm
B.12.3 Procedure
B.12.3.1 Place the test specimen in the freezer, cool it to 30 °C 3 °C, and hold it in this
temperature range for a minimum of 1 h. Place the cooled specimen in the impact tester, centered
on the applicable anvil.
B.12.3.2 Using an impact energy of at least 1,5 J, impact the specimen three times, with the impact
points located at least 50 mm from each other. The three impacts shall be completed within 30 s of
removal of the test specimen from the freezer. The ball bearing shall be rotated to an unused
location after a maximum of 10 impacts and replaced after a maximum of 200 impacts.
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B.12.3.3 Allow the sample to warm to 20 °C 5 °C. Test for the presence of holidays with a DC.
Holiday detector set at 1 750 V 250 V, or a wet-sponge holiday detector set at 67,5 V 4,5 V or
90 V 5 V.
B.12.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Applied impact energy value, expressed in joules.
- Holiday detection voltage.
- Number of holidays.

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B.13 Cathodic Disbondment of Strained Coating
B.13.1 Equipment
The equipment shall meet the requirements of B.8.1 and B.11.1, except that a 25 mm 2 mm
internal diameter (ID) plastic cylinder shall be used.
Test sample of at least 50 Mm x 300 mm x 6 mm are prepared.
B.13.3 Procedure
B.13.3.1 Bend the test samples in accordance with the method detailed under flexibility test method
(Clause B.11) to give a deflection of 2,0°ppd.
B.13.3.2 Test the sample as detailed in the cathodic disbondment 28 day test method (Clause B.8)
with the holiday at the apex of the bent sample, i.e. area of maximum strain.
B.13.3.3 After a 28 day polarization, remove the electrolyte and plastics tube and remove excess
moisture.
B.13.3.4 The area of coating exposed to the electrolyte shall be examined within 24 h. To pass the
test, the sample shall not exhibit signs of cracks, disbondment or pinholes when examined, as
detailed in 8.7.
B.13.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Cracking, if any.

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B.14 Hot Water Adhesion of the Coating
B.14.1 Equipment
B.14.1.1 Slow cooker or non-corroding water bath, temperature-controlled.

B.14.1.2 Tap water.
B.14.1.3 Thermometer.

Laboratory-coated test specimens shall be approximately 6,4 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. Specimens
from test rings shall be approximately 100 mm x 100 mm x pipe wall thickness.
B.14.3 Procedure
Fresh tap water used for each step shall be heated to test temperature related to the operating
temperature as specified in Table 3, prior to immersion of the test specimens. The test specimens
shall be placed in the slow cooker or water bath and submerged fully in that preheated water.
The duration of the test for coating qualification shall be 28 days. For qualification testing, the
adhesion of the coating system shall also be tested by the dolly pull off method, see (B.3).
For quality control purposes (8.9), the duration of the hot water resistance test shall be
48 hours.
B.14.4 Results

- Date of testing.
- Adhesion rating.

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B.15 Coating Thickness

B.15.1 Equipment
The coating thickness shall be measured by means of a thickness meter based on eddy current or
electromagnetic techniques in accordance with ISO 2808, method 6A or 6B. Magnetic thickness
gauges shall not be used, either for qualification testing or for quality control purposes.
B.15.2 Calibration
The thickness gauge shall be calibrated at least once per shift. Calibration shall be carried out on a
flat steel plate of similar thickness as the pipe wall by means of plastic shims of the same thickness
(± 20 %) as the nominal coating system.
B.15.3 Procedure
A minimum of 16 thickness checks shall be made at approximately one quarter, one half and three
quarters and full length of each pipe and at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions around the pipe. For
submerged arc welded pipe one of these circumferential positions shall be at the top of the weld.
B.15.4 Results
- Pipe number.
- Date of testing.
- Identification of the thickness gage.
- Thickness readings and average per pipe.

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B.16 Holiday Detection

B.16.1 Equipment
A holiday test shall be performed by means of an adjustable high-voltage holiday tester having an
audible and visual alarm. The scanning electrode shall consist of a coil spring, fitting the diameter of
the coated pipes. The earth connection shall be made directly on the pipe.
B.16.2 Test voltage
The test voltage shall be set as per Table 5.
Table 5 Test Voltage Setting
Test Voltage (kV) Nominal Coating Thickness (μm)

3.6 800
B.16.3 Procedur
B.16.3.1 The test voltage shall be calibrated at least twice per shift by means of a high-voltage
meter.
B.16.3.2 When the holiday test is carried out the external pipe surface shall be free of moisture.
B.16.3.3 The electrode shall be moved over the pipe surface at a speed of not more than 0.3 m/s.
B.16.3.4 The whole of the pipe surface shall be covered by the test.
B.16.3.5 When the holiday test is used for the impact resistance test (B.12) or the flexibility test
(B.11), a metal brush shall be used to inspect the treated surface.
B.16.4 Results
- Pipe number.
- Date of testing.
- Testing voltage.
- Identification of the holiday testing device.
- No. off holidays per pipe.

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B.17 Phosphoric Acid Treatment

B.17.1 Scope
This section defines the minimum requirements for materials, application, testing and inspection of
phosphoric acid treatment of line pipe prior to the coating application.
B.17.2 Materials
The Applicator shall obtain from the Manufacturer copies of the most recent technical data sheets
describing the product, its general performance, shelf life, and application requirements.
Documentation shall include MSD sheets and the Manufacturer’s recommendation for proper
disposal of residues and rinsing from the pipe.
The Applicator shall obtain from the Manufacturer a certification for each batch or lot of phosphoric
acid to be used on the Company’s line pipe.
The certification shall include:
- Product name, designation, and batch number.

- Product quality control test results and ranges for:
1. Concentration of active ingredients;

2. Level of solvents or co-solvents.
3. Level of surfactants.
The treatment materials shall be approved by the Company prior to use. Treatment materials for
use shall be:
- In the Manufacturer’s original, unopened containers.

- Stored in a clean, dry location according to the Manufacturer’s recommendation.
- Clearly marked with the batch number and date of manufacture.
- Applied within the Manufacturer’s recommended shelf life.

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B.17.3 Application procedure

The phosphoric acid solution shall be applied to pipe after the surface has been blast cleaned. The
phosphoric acid solution shall be applied to pipe surfaces as close to the coating application stage
as is practical and feasible.
The phosphoric acid treatment shall be applied at an acid concentration of 10 % by volume +/- 3 %.
The concentration shall be measured and recorded using a titration method recommended by the
Manufacturer at a frequency of twice per shift.
Pipe shall be uniformly heated (43°C to 71°C) for treatment within the maximum elapsed time after
blast cleaning. The temperature shall be recorded at a frequency of twice per shift.
The phosphoric acid solution shall be uniformly applied to the pipe surface and shall remain on the
surface in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommendations. The dwell time shall be recorded
at a frequency of twice per shift.
Pipe surfaces shall remain wet at all times during the phosphoric acid treatment. Any treated pipe
shall be re-blasted if the acid solution is allowed to dry anywhere on the surface of that pipe. After
the indicated dwell time, the pipe surface shall be thoroughly rinsed with deionized water having a
conductivity of 10 μmhos/cm or less. The pressure and volume of rinse water used shall be
sufficient to thoroughly remove the acid residue. The minimum pH of the wet surface after rinsing
shall be 6.0, as determined by touching pH paper directly to the pipe surface. The pH paper shall
have a measurement increment of 0.5 pH units or less. The pipe surface pH shall be recorded at a
frequency of twice per shift.
The appearance of the pipe surface after drying shall be substantially the same as it was
immediately after blast cleaning.
B.17.4 Results
- Pipe number.
- Date of testing.
- Acid concentration.
- Dwell time.
- Surface temperature.
- pH number.

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TECHNICAL CENTER & PROJECTS (TC&P)

TECHNICAL CENTER (Engineering)

External Pipeline Coatings

Project No.: MASTER Rev : Page : 1 of 67

1 1 June 2011 First issue

2 2 July 2014 Second issue

3 3 Sept 2017 Third issue

4 4 24/1/2019 Updated with new logo and template

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6. Coating Qualification .............................................................................................. 16

7.2 Surface Preparation..................................................................................................... 24

7.3 Coating Application ..................................................................................................... 26

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11.4 Transport of Coated Pipes .......................................................................................... 33

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The general coating requirements are summarized in Annex A.

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1.2 Distribution, Intended Use and Regulatory Consideration

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ISO 31-0, Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles

ISO 8130-3, Coating powders — Part 3: Determination of density by liquid displacement

ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents

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EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents

SSPC-AB 1), Mineral and Slag Abrasives

SSPC-AB 2, Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives

SSPC-AB 3, Ferrous Metallic Abrasive

SSPC-SP 1, Solvent cleaning

Glass Transition Temperature

Inspection Certificate 3.2

Laboratory-Coated Test Specimen

Pipe Diameter Length

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Pipeline Transportation System

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5. Coating Raw Material

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b) Identified with the following:

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Table 1 — Minimum requirements for epoxy powder

Properties Requirements Test method

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6.1 Coating System Qualification

Test frequency Test frequency

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first 5 pipes and

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6.1.1 Finished Coating System Requirement

b) Surface contamination in accordance with (B.9).

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I. Hot Water Resistance

J. Cathodic Disbonding Resistance

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Table 4: Cathodic disbonding resistance

Max. disbonding radius, mm

6.2 Applicator Qualification

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