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    Grammar

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    a28h81

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    Grammar

    Uploaded by

    a28h81
    1 views3 pages

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    Grammar

    Uploaded by

    a28h81

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    English B1

    Lesson 3. Free time activities

    Lesson 3. Free time activities

    Grammar focus
    PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

    PRESENT PERFECT:

    The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past.
    The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more
    interested in the result than in the action itself.

    WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT:

    ➔ For something that started in the past and continues in the


    present
    e.g. We have studied acting since 2018
    e.g I've played the guitar since I was a teenager.

    ➔ To say how many times we have done something.


    e.g. David has played this video game one hundred times!

    ➔ For an action that was completed in the very recent past ('just').
    e.g. I have just finished my work.

    ➔ For something that happened in the past but is important in the


    present
    e.g. Teresa isn't at home. I think she has gone shopping.
    HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT:
    The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of
    the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The
    past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked.

    Subject have / has +past participle

    I/ you / we / they have visited

    He / she / it has visited

    Negative sentences

    Subject + have/ has been present participle


    ing

    I/ you / we / they have not visited

    He / she / it has not visited

    Interrogative sentences

    have / has been + Subjec + present


    participle ing

    Have I/ you / we / they visited?

    Has He / she / it visited?

    BE CAREFUL: There are many irregular verbs!

    PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
    The present perfect continuous (also called present perfect progressive) is a verb tense
    which is used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the
    present moment. The present perfect continuous usually emphasizes duration, or the
    amount of time that an action has been taking place.
    WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

    ➔ For actions that started in the past and continue in the present

    e.g I have been reading War and Peace for a month now.

    e.g I have been training in the gym for 1 hour.

    ➔ For actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the
    results (Recently and lately are words that we often find with verbs in the
    present perfect continuous tense)

    e.g Have you been exercising lately?

    HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:


    The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the
    verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (verb+ing)

    Subject + have/ has been present participle


    ing

    I/ you / we / they have been swimming

    He / she / it has been swimming

    Negative sentences

    Subject + have/ has been present participle


    ing

    I/ you / we / they have not been running

    He / she / it has not been running

    Interrogative sentences

    have / has been + Subjec + present


    participle ing

    Have been I/ you / we / they singin?

    Has been He / she / it singin?

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