Life and Works of Jose Rizal
Life and Works of Jose Rizal
Life and Works of Jose Rizal
1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE
CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE
SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON
THE LIFE, WORKS
AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS
NOVELS NOLI ME
TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO,
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING
AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
WHEREAS, today, more than
any other period of our
history, there is a need for a
re-
dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for
which our heroes lived and
died;
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE
CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE
SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON
THE LIFE, WORKS
AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS
NOVELS NOLI ME
TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO,
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING
AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
WHEREAS, today, more than
any other period of our
history, there is a need for a
re-
dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for
which our heroes lived and
died;
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE
CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE
SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON
THE LIFE, WORKS
AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS
NOVELS NOLI ME
TANGERE AND EL
FILIBUSTERISMO,
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING
AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
WHEREAS, today, more than
any other period of our
history, there is a need for a
re-
dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for
which our heroes lived and
died;
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATESCHOOLS, COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKSAND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI
METANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING ANDDISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom
and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died;
WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with
special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;
WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli MeTangere and El Filibusterismo, are a
constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and
decisive years in school, should be suffused;
WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all
schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties of
citizenship; Now, therefore
2. THE 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES
Social Structure
- The Philippine society was predominantly feudalistic.
- This was the result of the Spanish land holding improved upon the country with the
arrival of the conquistadores.
- The indios (natives) were exploited by the elite class
- They were drafted for manual labour.
- The Spaniards exacted all forms of taxes and tributes.
Peninsulares- friars, Spanish officials
Insulares- favored natives, mestizos, creollos
Political System
- The Philippines was governed by Spain through the Ministro de Ultramar based in
Madrid.
- Central Government
Governador- General - King of Spain’s representative in governmental
affairs.
Vice – Royal patron over religious affairs.
Chief executive- issued orders and proclamations
Ex-officio – president of the Royal Audiencia
Commander-in-chief of the colonial armed forces
- Provincial Government – ALCADIA
Alcalde Mayor or Civil Governor (head)
- City Government- CABILDO or AYUNTAMIENTO (head)
Two alcaldes en- ordinario
- Local Government Unit – PUEBLO or TOWN
Gobernador Cillo or Town Mayor (head)
- Chief executive
- chief judge
- Smallest Government Unit – BARANGAY or BARRIO
Cabeza se barangay (head)
- to collect taxes and tributes from the constituents
- received 2% of the tax collection aside from the 4 % of the Sanctorum (3
events collected each year intended for All Saint’s Day, Holy Thursday and
Corpus Christi.)
- Guardia Civil
Organized in 1867
Corps of native police led by Spanish officers.
In 1880’s feared instrument of summary arrest of any persons denounced by
friars as filibusteros.
- Royal Audiencia
Highest court of the colony
Headed the judicial system
Auditor of the government finances
High council to which government affairs were reffered
Natives learned also about the American and French revolution which
provided inspiration to them.
3. The Secularization Movement
Council of Trent (1545-1563) – decided that parishes were to be
administered by Secular (local) priest.
Gradually, the secularization movement became racial and national
conflict among friars curates and the seculars.
4. The Liberal Administration of Carlos Maria dela Torre (1869-1871)
Well-loved Spanish Governor-general
- Avoided extravagance and lived a simple life
- Abolished flogging
- Allowed Filipinos to form Comite de Reformadores
- Implemented the Moret Decree of 1870
5. The Cavite Mutiny
Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) replaced dela Torre
- “with the crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other.”
- Repealed the exemption from rendering the POLO and the payment of
tribute.
January 20, 1872
- About 200 Filipino soldiers and workers in the Cavite Arsenal revolted.
- Led by Seregeant Fernando La Madrid.
- Through the punitive force ordered by Izquierdo La Madrid was killed.
6. The Execution of GOMBURZA
- Izquierdo magnified the mutiny as a full of blown conspiracy against the
Spanish rule allegedly instigated by fathers:
Mariano Gomez
Jose Burgos
Jacinto Zamora
- Found guilty in a “mock-trial”
- Sentence to die by garrote.
February 17, 1872
- The three priest were executed in Bagumbayan
- The vast crown present removed their hats and knelt down in prayer.
-Fr. Meliton Martinez, the liberal archbishop of Manila
refused to defrock the three priests
ordered the continuous tolling of bells during the execution
Result
- GOMBURZA- password of Katipunan.
- “remember GomBurZa”- slogan of the propaganda.
7. The Propaganda Movement
Three major factors for the peaceful campaign for reforms
- Emergence of Filipino middle class.
- Liberal administration of Carlos Maria dela Torre
- Execution of GOMBURZA.
Propagandists- simply reformers
- No intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle or
revolution.
Objectives of the Movement
- Assimilation of the colony as a regular province of Spain.
- Secularization of parishes
- Restoration of the Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortés.
- Fundamental freedom of speech of the press, assembly and religion.
Known Member of the Propaganda Movement
Jose Rizal
Conscience of the movement\
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Greatest political analyst
Founded the Diariong Tagalog
As a Doctor
oPracticed Ophthalmology
-Performed second operation on his mother’s eye.
oPayment for his Service
-Rich - proportionate to their capacity to pay
-Poor – free medical services
oHis fame as eye doctor spread far even from distant Hong Kong
-George Taufer came for treatment accompanied by Josephine Bracken
oBuilt small lodging houses
-“Casitas de Salud”
As a Teacher
Built a School
-Taught academic and vocational training
-Integrated learning toward home and community development
-Charged NO tuition fee.
Academic Training
-Taught 3R’S – reading, ‘riting and rithmetic
-Geometry, Geography, History, Languages
-Physical components of his curriculum
Boxing, swimming, wrestling and arnis
11. Rizal and the Katipunan
June 21, 1896
-Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Jose Rizal in Dapitan
Jose Rizal disapproved the plan of the Katipunan to rescue him from exile
-He promised not to escape from Dapitan.
-He has a pending application to be a volunteer doctor for Spanish troops
fighting in the Cuban Revolution.
12. The End of His Exile
July 30, 1896
-Governor General Ramon Blanco approved his petition to go to Cuba.
July 31 – to Manila
September 3- off to Barcelona
September 30- Nearing Malta
October 6 – arrived in Barcelona then off to Manila
November 3- arrived in Manila