A Report on

Structural Design Of
Residential Building for
Mrs. MANJU DULAL

Prepared By: Prabesh Thapa

12502 Civil “A”

i
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3
2. Description of the Building .......................................................................................................................... 3
3. Construction Site ........................................................................................................................................ 3
4. Dimension of Structural Members .............................................................................................................. 3
5. Material....................................................................................................................................................... 4
6. Modeling ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
7. Loads .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
a). Dead Loads ........................................................................................................................................... 4
b). Live loads ............................................................................................................................................... 4
c). Seismic Loads ......................................................................................................................................... 5
8. Load Cases................................................................................................................................................... 7
9. Load Combination ....................................................................................................................................... 7
10. Relevant Codes followed.......................................................................................................................... 8
11. Analysis and Design .................................................................................................................................. 8
a). Analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 8
b). Design & Detailing................................................................................................................................ 13
c). Design Results ...................................................................................................................................... 14
13. Foundation Design: ................................................................................................................................. 24
Design of Slab................................................................................................................................................ 33
Design of Staircase ........................................................................................................................................ 35
15. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 37
16. References ............................................................................................................................................. 37

ii
1. Introduction
The basic aim of the structural design is to building a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and
also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The construction of any building consists of three
phases; a) Design b) Drawing with proper detailing and c) Construction as per drawing and details.
The design of structure consists of two parts. I) Analysis and ii) Design. At first the preliminary size
of various member for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is carried out. With the result
obtained from analysis, necessary design is carried out.

2. Description of the Building

1.1. Type of Building : Residential Building
1.2. Building Structure : Framed structure
1.3. Number of stories : 2 & HALF
1.4. Storey Height : 9’-4”
1.5. Height of Parapet Wall : 1000 mm
1.6. Total Height of Building : 8.54 m
1.7. External Wall : Normal Brick 230mm
1.8 Internal Wall : Normal Brick 230 & 115mm
1.9 Plaster : 12 mm

3. Construction Site
Location Suryabinayak Municipality
Soil Type Medium (Type II)
Allowable Bear Capacity Assumed 150 KN/m2

4. Dimension of Structural Members

Slab Thickness 125 mm
Footing Isolated
Tie beam 230 mm x 300 mm
Main Beam Size 230 mm x 355 mm
Column Size 300 mm x 300 mm
5. Material
Grade of Concrete : M20
Grade of Reinforcement : TMT (FE 500).
Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 KN/m3
Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

6. Modeling
Building is modeled as special moment resisting frame with the standard software ETABS V 21.0.0.
Beam & columns are modeled as line element while slab are modeled as area element.

For the purpose of analysis, following material properties are assumed for concrete:

Grade of Concrete = M20

Grade of Steel = Fe500

Unit weight (Concrete) = 25 kN/m3

Young’s Modulus of Elasticity (Concrete) = 5000 √fck

Poisson’s Ratio (Concrete) = 0.2

Unit weight (Masonry wall) = 19.0 KN/m3

7. Loads

a). Dead Loads

Slab / Beam / Column = Program Calculated by unit wt. given (25 kN/m3)

Brick Masonry (Unit Wt.) = 19.0 KN/m3

Floor Finish = 0.8 KN/m2

Partition & internal walls = 1.0 KN/m2

b). Live loads

Stairs = 3 KN/m2

Balcony = 3 KN/m2

Rooms = 2 KN/m2

Roof (with Access) = 1.5 KN/m2

Roof (without Access) = 0.75 KN/m2

c). Seismic Loads
Earthquake analysis has been done using Seismic Coefficient method. According to this method
base shear is calculated using the formula given in IS1893:2016, which is as, follows:

V = Ah W

Design seismic coefficient is given by:

Ah= Z/2*Sa/g*I/R

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX according
to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.5] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] Ah =
g
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.478 2016.9364 181.5243
X + Ecc. Y 0.478 2016.9364 181.5243
X - Ecc. Y 0.478 2016.9364 181.5243

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 8.5344 83.5151 0
Story2 5.6896 76.8907 0
Story1 2.8448 21.1185 0
Base 0 0 0
8. Load Cases

Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS456-2000 and
IS1893:2016.

1. Dead Load (DL): It includes self-weight, Floor Finish, Partition wall, Wall load.

2. Live load (LL)

3. Seismic Load (Ex & Ey): For Earthquake Load, 100% of Dead Load and 50% & 25% of Live Load
is taken into account. Seismic Coefficient method using IS 1893:2000 Part
I is applied directly through software (ETABS V 21.0.0) for Earthquake
analysis of the structure.

9. Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS456-2000.

1. 1.5DL + 1.5LL

2. 1.2(DL + LL + EX)

3. 1.2(DL + LL -EX)

4. 1.2(DL + LL + EY)

5. 1.2(DL + LL - EY)

6. 1.5DL + 1.5EX

7. 1.5DL - 1.5EX

8. 1.5DL + 1.5EY

9. 1.5DL - 1.5EY

10. 0.9DL + 1.5EX

11. 0.9DL - 1.5EX

12. 0.9DL + 1.5EY

13. 0.9DL - 1.5EY

10. Relevant Codes followed
a. IS 456: 2000 : For Design of Structural Elements

b. SP 16 : Design Aid

c. SP 34 and IS 13920:1993 : For Detailing

d. IS 1893:2000 Part I : For Lateral Loading

e. IS 875 part I : For Dead Load

f. IS 875 part II : For Live Load

11. Analysis and Design

a). Analysis
A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out using the standard software ETABS
V21.0.0 .Seismic coefficient method was used to determine the earthquake load. The Structure is
assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. The brick wall is considered as the filler wall only. The beams
are modeled as rectangular beams. Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered.
The rigid end effect has also been considered in the analysis.

Design Results
3D Model
Deformed Shape for Load Case Dead
Moment Diagram for UDCON2
Shear Force Diagram for UDCON2
b). Design & Detailing
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method. For the design
of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used extensively.
Footings have been designed for vertical loads developed at the base due to dead load and live load
only. Isolated/Strip/ Raft footings have been adopted for ground load transfer. Longitudinal
reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among the load
combinations adopted. A symmetric arrangement of the reinforcement has been adopted from
seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also
based on critical load combination. It is calculated from the envelope of bending moment diagram.
Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility principle. IS 13920 -1993
have been used for this purpose.
The Reinforcement detailing of all the important structural components have been shown on the
drawing. They conform to the relevant sections of the IS 456:1975, NBC 105:1994, IS 13920:1993, SP:
16, and SP 34:1987
c). Design Results
Sample Design

Beam & Slab Design Result from ETABS: Size of Column= 300mm x300mm, Size of
Beam= 230x355

Design output for Grid 1-1 in mm2

Design output for Grid 2-2 in mm2
Design output for Grid 3-3 in mm2
Design output for First Floor Beam in mm2
Design output for Second Floor Beam in mm2
Design output for Top Floor Beam in mm2
Typical Detail Calculation of Beam 1/D-E of First Floor

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design (Summary)

Beam Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF Type
Story1 B2 13 Beam 9x14 UDConS7 4267.2 4419.6 1 Ductile Frame

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 38.1 38.1

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-58.0849 0.8574 63.8924 0.2334

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-58.0849 1.2889 0 -59.3738

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -59.3738 527 0 527 156
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 264 0 0 264

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
78.4503 0 86.0111 33.22 750.69

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
1.0802 62.5622 172.4 299.4 289.61
Typical Detail Calculation of Column A-1 of Ground Floor

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design (Summary)

Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF Type
Story1 C1 1 Col 12x12 UDConS13 0 2844.8 1 Ductile Frame

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 50.9 28.1

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
70.178 45.6206 -9.3263 1.4036 1.4036 982 1.06

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.614094 2489.2 -3.7305 0 1.4036
Minor Bend(M2) 0.620968 2489.2 22.0582 0 1.4036

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 27.8417 45.0573 30.9534 27.8417 337.85
Minor, Vu3 30.8154 45.0573 30.9534 30.8154 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

 Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/N N/N

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 9.8 1204.497 329.3982 70.178 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.875 304.8 5.015 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.875 304.8 5.071 12 No 0

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed
12. Storey Drift & Maximum Deflection

The maximum allowable storey drift as per IS1893:200 (C.I 7.11.1) =0.004H (H= Storey Ht.= 2.84m)
= 0.004x 2.84
= 0.0113m
The maximum inter storey drift obtained from ETAB= 0.001588 m < 0.0113m

The maximum deflection obtained from ETAB= 10.91 mm< 0.004H

< 0.004 X 8.54m
<34.16mm

Column Reinforcement (All Column Size 12”x12”)

Storey C1 C2 C3
First 4-16 ɸ +4-12 ɸ 8-16 ɸ 4-20 ɸ +4-16 ɸ
Second 4-16 ɸ+4-12 ɸ 8-16 ɸ 4-20 ɸ +4-16 ɸ
Third 4-16 ɸ+4-12 ɸ 8-16 ɸ 8-16 ɸ
Concrete Grade: M-20
Steel Grade: Fe-500

Reinforcement (All primary beam size 9”x14”)

Storey End Support Mid Span

TOP BOT TOP BOT

First 2-16ɸTH +1-16 EXT 2-16ɸTH +1-12 EXT 2-16ɸ TH 2-16ɸ TH

Second 2-16ɸTH +1-16 EXT 2-16ɸTH +1-12 EXT 2-16ɸ TH 2-16ɸ TH

Third 2-16ɸTH +1-16 EXT 2-16ɸTH +1-12 EXT 2-16ɸ TH 2-16ɸTH

Concrete Grade: M-20

Steel Grade: Fe-500
13. Foundation Design:
Design of Footing
Footing has been modelled and designed using SAFE 2016 Software using following data.
B. C. of Soil = 150 KN/m2
Rebar material = Fe 500
Concrete material = M20
Depth of Footing= 300 mm thick
Rebar details = • Main bar 12@ 150 mm c/c bothways
Footing results

Footing reaction under (DL+LL)

Footing layout plan
Soil Pressure Diagram
Punching Shear for all footings
Footing reinforcement For Isolated 12mmdia @150mm c/c (NO MINIMIM IMPOSED for isolated)
Strap beam plan
Strap beam reinforcement
 Strap beam transverse reinforcement

Footing and lower tie beam schedule:

 Provide the footing of size as shown above for all columns with 12mm dia bar rods spanning along
both direction at 150mm c/c spacing.
 Provide lower tie beam of size 230mm x 230mm with 3-12mm bars at top and 3-12mm bars at
bottom and upper tie beam of size 230mmx305mm with 3-12mm bars at top and 3-12mm bars at
bottom.
 The minimum trench and footing excavation depth should be 1.8m from the natural surface of
plain ground level (i.e. hard ground surface after levelling)
 Provide Strap beam of size 355mm x 560 mm with 5-16 mmdia bars at top and 3-16 mm dia bars at
bottom for SB1,3-16 mm dia bars at top and 3-16 mm dia bars at bottom for SB2, 2-20+4-16 mm
dia bars at top and 3-16 mm dia bars at bottom for SB3
Design of Slab
Design of Slab as per IS:456-2000:

Input Data:
1 2
Material :
Concrete Grade M 20
Reinforcement Steel Grade Fe 500

Dimensions:
3 4
Short Span : Lx: 3.58 m
Long Span : Ly: 4.19 m

Effective Cover: 25 mm (Cover should comply clause 26.4

of IS:456)
Boundary Condition: 2 * For Two way slab,refer the sketch 5 6
on the right side.Dark line shows
the continuity.
* For one way continuous slab,
5 for Intermediate Panel,7 for end Panel,
* For one way discontinuous slab, 9. 7 8
* For cantilever slab, 10.

Load :
Floor Finish Load wf : 1 kN/m2
Live Load wL: 2 kN/m2
Load Factor for BM: 1.5 9
Load Factor for SF: 1.5
Calculations:
Aspect ratio=Ly/Lx= 1.1703911
Slab designed as: Two Way Slab

Bending Moment Coefficients:

ax support = 0.0465 For short span support moment.
ax span = 0.0348 For short span span moment.
ay support = 0.037 For Long span support moment.
ay span = 0.028 For Long span span moment.

Depth assumed D = 125 mm OK

2
Selfweight wself =25xD/1000= 3.125 kN/m ( Density of concrete assumed 25 kN/m 3)
2
Load intensity = w = wself +wf +wL= 6.125 kN/m
Effective depth d= D - Eff. Cover= 100 mm
Factored Bending Moments=Factor x w x Coefficient x Lx 2
 Mu/bd2 pt req Ast req
% mm2/ m Explanation:
Mux support= 8.184 kN m 0.818 0.198 2
198.03 Mu/bd =Mux106/(1000xd2)
Mux span= 6.139 kN m 0.614 0.147 146.56 pt req is from charts of SP-16.
Muy support= 6.434 kN m 0.643 0.154 153.90 Ast= pt x1000xd/100
Muy span= 4.791 kN m 0.479 0.113 113.41

Minimum Ast req=0.12xD/1000= 150 mm2 per meter

Reinforcement Provided:
Short Span Support: 8 Dia at 150 c/c Ast= 334.9 OK
Short Span Span: 8 Dia at 150 c/c Ast= 334.9 OK
Long Span Support: 8 Dia at 150 c/c Ast= 334.9 OK
Long Span Span: 8 Dia at 150 c/c Ast= 334.9 OK

Check for Deflection:

Basic L/d = 26 (Clause 23.2.1 of IS 456-2000)
Modification factor= 2 ( Figure 4 of IS 456-2000)
d req as per deflection control=Lx/(Basic L/d x Modification factor )= 74.23 mm
d required < d provided so, OK

Check for Shear:

Shear Force Vu= Factor x w x Lx/2= 17.731875 kN
Nominal Shear Stress=Vu/bd= 0.177 N/mm2
%reinforcement= 0.335 %
Beta= 6.933
tc = 0.406 N/mm2
k= 1.3 As per Clause 40.2.1.1 IS:456:2000
kxtc = 0.528 N/mm2 so, OK
Design of Staircase
15. Conclusion
Given building is analyzed & designed as per the NBC / IS codal provision to ensure the overall
structural safety & serviceability for all the possible load combinations. Max Drift is is within limit
specified by code (i.e. less than 0.004H).
It is strongly recommended to consult the structural engineer prior any change in structural
details; if required during construction phase.

16. References

IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings

and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 4236 – 1976 Code of Practice for Earthquake resistant Design and Construction of

Buildings

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic

forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing Jain, A.K. Reinforced

Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee,

1999