Falcon 7X-Fire Protection

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FALCON 7X 02-26-05

ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION


CODDE 1 PAGE 1 / 6
GENERAL
DGT 97831 ISSUE 2

ACRONYMS

APU Auxiliary Power Unit


ATSV Air Turbine Starter Valve
CAS Crew Alerting System
CB Circuit Breaker
ECU Engine Control Unit
FCP Fire Control Panel
FPS Fire Protection System
LH Left Hand
MAU Modular Avionics Unit
RH Right Hand
SIL Silence
SOV Shut Off Valve
SSPC Solid State Power Controller

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
PAGE 2 / 6 CODDE 1
GENERAL
ISSUE 2 DGT 97831

INTRODUCTION

The fire protection system is designed to warn the crew in case of fire, overheat or smoke in
certain aircraft zones.
The system allows the discharge or fire extinguisher in some of these zones.
The following table lists the concerned zones as well as related protection and extinguishing
capabilities.

FIRE DETECTION / FIRE


SMOKE
ZONE EXTINGUISHING
OVERHEAT DETECTION DETECTION
CAPABILITY
Yes
Engine Yes
Yes
Yes
APU Yes
Yes

Rear Yes
Yes
compartment Yes
Baggage
Yes Yes
compartment
Main Landing
Gear wheel Yes
wells

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
CODDE 1 PAGE 3 / 6
GENERAL
DGT 97831 ISSUE 2

FLIGHT DECK OVERVIEW

CONTROLS

Crew control of fire protection system is performed via the Fire Control Panel (FCP) on the
Overhead Panel. Aural alerts can be interrupted with the Master warning or SIL
pushbuttons.

FIGURE 02-26-05-00 – FIRE PROTECTION CONTROLS

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PAGE 4 / 6 CODDE 1
GENERAL
ISSUE 2 DGT 97831

INDICATIONS

Cockpit indications are displayed:


- On the Fire Control Panel,
- On the throttle repeaters for engines on fire,
- On the ENG-CAS window for CAS messages,
- On the STATus synoptic / FAULT tab synoptic for failure messages.

There is no dedicated synoptic for the Fire Protection System (FPS).

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
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GENERAL
DGT 97831 ISSUE 2

FIGURE 02-26-05-01 - FLIGHT DECK OVERVIEW

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
PAGE 6 / 6 CODDE 1
GENERAL
ISSUE 2 DGT 97831

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
CODDE 1 PAGE 1 / 4
DESCRIPTION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

GENERAL

The fire protection system can be separated into three functions:


- 1: Detection,
- 2: Extinction of Fire,
- 3. Auxiliary functions in case of engine or APU fire.

1. DETECTION

Detection of fire or overheat is performed:


- For each engine: by two pneumatic detectors,
- For the APU: by one pneumatic detector,
- For the rear compartment: by one pneumatic detector.

Detection of fire or smoke in the baggage compartment is performed by a smoke detector.


Detection of overheat in the main wheel wells is performed by one pneumatic detector in
each main wheel well.

2. EXTINCTION OF FIRE

Fire extinction is performed:


- For the engines, APU and rear compartment: by the closure of the Shut Off Valves
(SOV) and four built-in extinguishers,
- For the cockpit or cabin: by three portable extinguishers,
- For the baggage compartment, by
o Three portable extinguishers, or
o One of the four built-in extinguishers.

3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS IN CASE OF ENGINE OR APU FIRE

For each engine: when the crew pushes the corresponding “FIRE” button of the Fire Control
Panel:
- The corresponding Hydraulic and Fuel Shut Off Valves are closed,
- The corresponding generator is disconnected, (used for emergency landing procedure
as, in other conditions, the engine will have been shut off first),
In addition, for engine 2:
- The Air Turbine Starter Valve (ATSV) is automatically closed,
- The Thrust Reverser is inhibited.

For the APU: when the fire is detected:


- The Fuel Shut Off Valve is automatically closed,
- The generator is automatically disconnected,
- An emergency shut down is commanded by the ECU.

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DESCRIPTION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTION

SUMMARY OF FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTORS

The Fire protection system features:


- 2 pneumatic detectors for each engine (total of 6),
- 1 pneumatic detector for the APU,
- 1 pneumatic detector for the rear compartment,
- 1 pneumatic detector for each wheel well (total of 2),
- 1 smoke detector in the baggage compartment.

FIGURE 02-26-10-00 – FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTORS

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
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DESCRIPTION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

PNEUMATIC DETECTORS

General

A pneumatic fire detector is a tube containing an inert gas and a hydrogen saturated wire.
The pressure within the tube will vary in case of overheat, which will trigger an alert for
the crew.

Engines Fire Zones

The engines have two designated fire zones:


- Zone 1 (the outer zone including accessories): this zone is equipped with
o A fire detector,
o A fire extinguishing system,
- Zone 2 (the inner zone): this zone is equipped with a fire detector only.

FIGURE 02-26-10-01 - ENGINE FIRE ZONES

SMOKE DETECTOR

The smoke detector is of a "photoelectric" type which allows differentiating dust from smoke
to avoid false alarms.
A smoke detector is installed in the baggage compartment.

¾ Refer to ATA 26 - DESCRIPTION-SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION for additional


information.

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
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DESCRIPTION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

FIRE EXTINCTION

BUILT-IN FIRE EXINGUISHERS

Four built-in fire extinguishers are located in the aft fuselage and provide fire protection for
each engine, the APU, the rear and baggage compartments:
- Each engine is protected by two of the extinguishers,
- The APU, rear and baggage compartments are only protected by one extinguisher.

The built-in fire extinguishers should be used for the baggage compartment only if the fire is
detected during a depressurization, Take Off or Landing. Otherwise, the crew should
attempt extinguishing the fire with portable extinguishers.

The built-in extinguishers have two (or three) discharge head, which allows the protection of
two (or three) zones by each extinguisher. However, each extinguisher is fully discharged
after any discharge.

There is no extinction device available in the wheel well. The crew will only extend the gears
to allow cooling of the area.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Three portable Halon extinguishers are available in the aircraft in the event the crew has to
extinguish a fire in the cabin or in the baggage compartment:
- One of the three portable extinguishers is installed in the cockpit,
- Two other extinguishers are located in the forward and aft cabin.

Exact location of the portable extinguishers will vary from one aircraft to the other depending
on the interior layout.
Two of the portable extinguishers contain 2.5 lbs of Halon 1211 while the third portable
extinguisher contains 9 lbs of Halon 1211.

¾ Refer to ATA 25 – EQUIPMENT for additional information.

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The fire and overheat protection system was designed considering the following design
principles:
- With regard to the technology:
o Pneumatic detectors of well proven technology were selected,
o A photoelectric type smoke detection system was selected, in order to avoid untimely
alerts,
o Built in extinguishers of "all welded" type were selected for their robustness to leaks.
- With regard to the architecture:
o Two extinguishers are provided per engine,
o The bottle sharing is define such that at least one shoot for each engine remains
available after a first fire.

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

LOCATION OF EQUIPMENT

FIGURE 02-26-15-00 - FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS LOCATION

NOTE
The forward and aft lavatory, as well as the aft lounge
can also be equipped with a smoke detector.

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE

The following paragraph describes the power supply and the electrical protections of the
different equipment of the fire protection system.
The electrical protection is provided:
- Either by Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC),
- Or by Circuit Breakers (CB).
¾ Refer to ATA 24 – ELECTRICAL POWER for additional information.

FIRE CONTROL PANEL (FCP)

EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY TYPE OF PROTECTION


Section 1 LH Essential CB
Section 2 RH Essential CB

“ENGINES AND APU” FIRE PROTECTION

EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY TYPE OF PROTECTION


Pneumatic detector Powered by FCP Section 1 CB
RH Essential
Fuel SOV CB
Battery 1
ENGINE 1

RH Essential
Hydraulic SOV CB
Battery 1
Throttle lamp Powered by FCP CB
Ext. 1 RH Essential CB
Ext. 4 Battery 1 CB
Pneumatic detector Powered by FCP Section 2 CB

LH Essential
Fuel SOV CB
Battery 2
ENGINE 2

LH Essential
Hydraulic SOV CB
Battery 2

Throttle lamp Powered by FCP CB


Ext. 3 Battery 2 CB
Ext. 4 LH Essential CB

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY TYPE OF PROTECTION


Pneumatic detector Powered by FCP Section 1 CB
RH Essential
Fuel SOV CB
Battery 1
ENGINE 3

RH Essential
Hydraulic SOV CB
Battery 1

Throttle lamp Powered by FCP CB


Ext. 1 Battery 1 CB
Ext. 2 RH Essential CB
Pneumatic detector Powered by FCP Section 2 CB
Fuel SOV LH Essential CB
APU

LH Essential
Ext. 2 CB
Battery 2

MAIN LANDING GEAR

EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY TYPE OF PROTECTION


Pneumatic detector
Powered by FCP Section 2 CB
(Left main Wheel well)
Pneumatic detector
(Right main wheel Powered by FCP Section 2 CB
well)

COMPARTMENT

EQUIPMENT POWER SUPPLY TYPE OF PROTECTION


BAGGAGE

Smoke detector RH Essential SSPC

RH Essential
Ext.3 CB
Battery 1

Pneumatic detector Powered by FCP Section 1 CB


REAR

RH Essential
Ext. 4 CB
Battery 1

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

EXTINGUISHERS DISCHARGES

ZONE FIRST DISCHARGE SECOND DISCHARGE

Engine 1 Extinguisher 1 Extinguisher 4

Engine 2 Extinguisher 4 Extinguisher 3

Engine 3 Extinguisher 2 Extinguisher 1

Rear compartment Extinguisher 4 Not applicable

Baggage compartment in case alarm is


triggered during depressurization, Take Extinguisher 3 Not applicable
Off or Landing

APU Extinguisher 2 Not applicable

FIGURE 02-26-15-01 - EXTINGUISHERS DISCHARGES

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIRE DETECTOR

Each pneumatic fire detector is composed of:


- A tube containing an inert gas and an hydrogen saturated wire,
- Two pressure switches,
- Connector and wiring to the warning system.

FIGURE 02-26-15-02 - PNEUMATIC DETECTOR

The pneumatic detector pressure is monitored by two pressure switches:


- The alarm switch,
- The integrity switch.

The alarm switch

The alarm switch is normally open.


In case of a fire or overheat, the internal detector pressure rises and closes the switch,
which rises the fire alarm. This process is reversible so that when the fire is extinguished,
the alarm switch resumes to the normal position (open) and the warning stops. The
temperature threshold is lower for a zone overheat than for a local flame.

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

ZONE OVERHEAT LOCAL FLAME


ZONE
THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
Engine Zone 1 260°C 540°C
Engine Zone 2 430°C 680°C
Rear compartment 150°C 510°C
Main wheel wells 130°C 380°C
APU 275°C 565°C

FIGURE 02-26-15-03 - DETECTION OF A FIRE (LOCAL FLAME)

The integrity switch

The integrity switch is used to monitor the validity of the sensor. It is normally closed.
In the closed position, the integrity switch shows that inert gas pressure does not drop
below the integrity check pressure.
In case of a gas leak:
- The tube pressure decreases an opens the integrity switch,
- A CAS message is displayed indicating that the detector is failed.

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

FIGURE 02-26-15-04 - LEAK OF THE PNEUMATIC DETECTOR

SMOKE DETECTOR

Each smoke detector is of a photoelectric type that operates on the dual light scattering
principle.
The smoke chamber contains two light sources, which transmit a beam of light. Oriented
away from the path of this light beam is a photosensitive device that reacts when light
impinges upon it.
The open area detector relies on the free convection of airflow within the protected zone to
obtain its own air samples for smoke monitoring.
When smoke particles enter in the chamber and cross the light beam, they cause a random
reflection and scattering of the light, which is sensed by the photosensitive device.
This changes the electrical characteristics of the device in proportion to the amount of
smoke in the chamber. When the characteristics of the device reach a preset level, an alarm
signal is generated.

FIGURE 02-26-15-05 - SMOKE DETECTION PRINCIPLE

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DESCRIPTION - SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

In order to avoid the false alarm due to dust, the smoke detector light is pulsed on two
different wave lengths (blue light and infrared light). The blue /IR light allows detecting if the
particle in the detection chamber are smoke particles (0.1 microns) or dust particles
(10 microns).

BUILT-IN EXTINGUISHERS

Built-in extinguishers are filled with Halon 1301.

NUMBER OF
BUILT-IN EXTINGUISHER WEIGHT DISCHARGE
HEADS
2
Extinguisher 1 1.36 kg

2
Extinguisher 2 1.36 kg

2
Extinguisher 3 3.5 kg

3
Extinguisher 4 3.8 kg

LINER IN BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT

The baggage compartment is fitted with a smoke detector. A liner will avoid fire spreading
from the baggage compartment toward the avionics and electrical components of the
baggage compartment.

FIGURE 02-26-15-06 - BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LINER

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

FIRE CONTROL PANEL

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Fire Control Panel located in the upper portion of the overhead panel provides
indication as well as controls for Fire, Smoke and overheat protection.
The Fire Control Panel includes:
- "FIRE 1, 2 and 3" guarded pushbuttons which:
o Indicate the engine for which a fire is detected,
o Allow controlling the closure of engine Fuel and Hydraulic Shut-Off Valves so that fuel
and hydraulic flow is cut off, and the disconnection of generator.
- Amber indicators "closed" above the "FIRE 1, 2, 3" pushbuttons which indicate that the
Fuel shut off valve and hydraulic shut off valves of the relevant engine are closed.
- "DISCH 1, 2" guarded pushbuttons which:
o Provide decision help in case one extinguisher is not available,
o Allow discharging the relevant engine extinguishers, one at a time,
o Indicate when and extinguisher is discharged,
- "FIRE APU" guarded pushbutton which:
o Indicates that a fire is detected in the APU zone,
o Allows discharging the APU extinguisher,
- Amber indicator "closed" above the "FIRE APU" pushbutton which indicates that the
Fuel shut off valve of the APU is closed in case of fire
- "FIRE REAR COMP" guarded pushbutton which:
o Indicates that a fire is detected in the rear compartment zone,
o Allows discharging the rear compartment extinguisher,
- "FIRE BAG COMP" guarded pushbutton which:
o Indicates that smoke is detected in the baggage compartment zone,
o Allows discharging the baggage compartment extinguisher (to be used if the alarm is
triggered during a depressurization, Take Off or Landing -otherwise, the portable
extinguisher would be used).
- DISCH indicators below the "FIRE APU", and above the "FIRE REAR COMP" and
"FIRE BAG COMP" pushbuttons which indicate that the corresponding extinguisher is
discharged,
- A FIRE TEST button to trigger the Fire Protection system test.

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

FIGURE 02-26-20-00 - FIRE CONTROL PANEL

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

SYNTHETIC TABLE

CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE LOCAL


FUNCTION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE INDICATION

Guarded
Indicates fire
on one
Engine

Activates
closure of the
corresponding
engine Fuel Engine 1 fire
and Hydraulic occurs
Shut-Off NOTE
Valves
Light goes out
when fire is
extinguished
Disconnects
contactor of
corresponding Guard raised
generator and FIRE 1
pushed to
command The
Additionally, closure of indication flashes
for engine 2: FSOV and during Shut-Off
HYD SOV Valves operation.
Closes the (and
ATSV and disconnection
inhibits of generator)
Thrust
Fuel Shut-Off and
Reverser
Hydraulic Valves are
after landing FSOV and
closed when
HYD SOV are
indication
closed
is steadily
illuminated.
If a discrepancy
between pushbutton
control and Fuel
Shut-Off Valves is
detected, the
status
light flashes

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE


FUNCTION LOCAL INDICATION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE

Safety guarded,
FIRE
pushbutton not
pushed yet

Indicates
extinguisher
available and illuminate
Fire detected steady white if both
and extinguishers are
Discharges FIRE available. Otherwise,
extinguishing pushbutton the light illuminates
agent pushed on only for the available
from built-in extinguisher.
extinguisher(s)
to the
detected
engine fire

Indicates When discharged,


extinguisher DISCH illuminates
discharged steady amber

Guard raised NOTE


and "DISCH"
pushed to DISCH is
discharge steady when the
Extinguisher discharge is not
available even if
the button has
not been
depressed

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE LOCAL


FUNCTION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE INDICATION

Safety
guarded

Fire APU
occurs
NOTE
light goes out
Indicates fire in when APU
the APU fire zone fire is
extinguished

Discharges
extinguishing FCP The
agent from built-in automatically light flashes during
extinguisher in the closes the Shut-Off Valve
APU fire zone. FSOV and operation, then
disconnection remains steady
of APU when valve is fully
generator closed.

Guard raised
and "FIRE
APU" pushed
to discharge
the
extinguisher

When extinguisher
is discharged, light
is on

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
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CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE LOCAL


FUNCTION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE INDICATION

Safety
guarded

A Rear
compartment
Indicates fire in fire occurs
the rear NOTE
compartment
light goes out
when fire is
extinguished
Discharges
extinguishing
agent from built-in
extinguisher in the
Guard raised
rear compartment
and "FIRE
REAR
COMP"
pushed to
discharge the
extinguisher

When extinguisher
is discharged, light
is on.

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE LOCAL


FUNCTION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE INDICATION

Safety
guarded

Indicates fire in
the rear
compartment

Discharges
extinguishing
agent from built-in
extinguisher in the
baggage
compartment. Fire in NOTE
baggage
compartment Light goes
occurs out when fire
NOTE is
extinguished
Used without and / or
attempting to smoke is no
extinguish fire longer
with manual detected.
extinguisher
only in case
of
depressurizati
on of the Guard raised
baggage and "FIRE
compartment BAG COMP"
or during pushed to
take-off or discharge the
landing extinguisher
phase.

When extinguisher
is discharged, light
is on.

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
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CONTROL & TO ACTIVATE LOCAL


FUNCTION
INDICATION TO DEACTIVATE INDICATION
All lights should
light on.

During the test the


CAS message:
FIRE TEST IN
PROGRESS
is displayed.
The message
Allows checking the Push during will disappear
protection system 1 s to when the
integrity both on launch pushbutton is
ground or in flight. the test. released.

. If the test failed,


the
FIRE: TEST
FAIL CAS
message is
displayed and the
light of the
corresponding
function does not
light on the FCP.

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

INDICATIONS

GENERAL

In addition to indications on the Fire Control Panel, following indications are provided:
- Audio alerts system for all fire detections, and Smoke detection,
- CAS messages,
- Indications on the Fire Control Panel,
- Fire repeaters warning lights on the throttle levers.

NOTE
Aural alerts can be stopped by pressing on the Master Warning, or on the SIL pushbutton.

FIGURE 02-26-20-01 - THROTTLE LEVERS

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS
ISSUE 2 DGT97831

SYNTHESIS OF INDICATIONS

As a summary, indications provided are:

- In case of engine fire:

74 FIRE: ENGINE 1 CAS message + Fire aural alert + + lighted +

throttle fire warning repeater lighted

- In case of APU fire:

72 FIRE: APU CAS message + Fire aural alert+ + light on

- In case of rear compartment fire:

78 FIRE: REAR COMP CAS message+ Fire aural alert + + light


on .

- In case of baggage compartment fire or smoke:

96 FIRE: BAG COMP CAS message+ Fire aural alert + + light on

- In case of wheel well overheat:

80 FIRE: .. WHEEL OVHT CAS message + Master Warning chime +

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DGT 97831 INFORMATION ISSUE 2

FIRE CONTROL PANEL TEST

FIGURE 02-26-25-00 - FIRE TEST PUSHBUTTON

During the Fire Protection system test the following functions are verified:
- Integrity of electronic circuits of the Fire Control Panel,
- Integrity of pneumatics detectors,
- All the lights of the Fire Control Panel front panel are illuminated,
- Illumination of the throttle repeater,
- Communication between the FCP and the MAU.
If a failure appears on one function, the related light is not illuminated (i.e.: if the No 1 engine
fire detector monitoring is detected failed during the test, the light "FIRE" of the No 1 engine is
not illuminated), and the FIRE TEST FAIL CAS message is displayed.

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PAGE 2 / 2 CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS - SUPPLEMENTARY CODDE 1

ISSUE 2
INFORMATION DGT 97831

FIGURE 02-26-25-00 - FIRE TEST

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CODDE 1 PAGE 1 / 2
SYSTEM PROTECTIONS
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

SYSTEM MONITORING

Condition of the fire protection system is continuously monitored for the following items:
- Fire and smoke detection system integrity,
- Built-in extinguishers pressure,
- Cartridge line continuity.

¾ Refer to CODDE 2 for exhaustive list of CAS messages.

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SYSTEM PROTECTIONS
ISSUE 2 DGT 97831

ACTIVE PROTECTIONS

EXTINGUISHER OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION

Each built in fire extinguisher is protected against rupture by a pressure relief valve.
In case of an overpressure:
- The relief valve frangible disk bursts,
- Pressure is relieved by discharging the extinguishing agent.

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FALCON 7X 02-26-35
ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
CODDE 1 SYSTEM PROTECTIONS - PAGE 1 / 2

DGT97831 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ISSUE 2

No supplementary information to be provided on System Protections at present time.

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ATA 26 – FIRE PROTECTION
CODDE 1 PAGE 1 / 2
GROUND OPERATION
DGT97831 ISSUE 2

¾ Refer to Ground Servicing manual.

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