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Linux Commands

Linux-Commands

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Uday Singh
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5 views

Linux Commands

Linux-Commands

Uploaded by

Uday Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

pwd ------------------- Present Working Directory path

2. ls -------------------- To view directories and files in a folder


3. ls -R ----------------- To view subdirectories of directories.
4. ls -t ----------------- To view when the files where last modified.
5. ls -l ----------------- To view permissions, last modified date, size in bytes
of particular folder.
6. ls -lt ---------------- To view when the files where last modified with time
included in it.
8. ls -la ---------------- To view all items including hidden items.
9. ls -lRa --------------- To view the hidden item in the subdirectories which
recursively list all the items.
10. ls -lr --------------- To shows all files in reverse order.
11. ls -s ---------------- To view directories by its size.
12. ls *.FILE_EXTENSION_NAME -------------- To view all that type of files in that
folder.
13. ls Zoo* -------------- To view all the files with "Zoo" in its name.
14. ls .. ---------------- list all directories and folder.

15. cd --------------------------- Go to
16. cd .. ------------------------ Go to previously directory.
17. cd ../../ -------------------- Go back twice.
18. touch ------------------------ To create a file. {EX- touch a.js}
19. cat -------------------------- To view what is inside in a file. {EX- cat a.js}
20. cat > a.txt ------------------ To write something in a file. ctrl + D to save
and exit. ctrl + C to exit.
21. cat >> a.txt ----------------- To write more details to the existing file which
was cat > a.txt

22. mkdir ------------------------------ Create a directory of name test. {EX-


mkdir test}
23. mkdir test && cd test -------------- Create a new directory and go inside that
directory.
24. mkdir -p --------------------------- To create directory inside directory. {EX-
mkdir -p frontend/scripts}
25. mv --------------------------------- To move files. {EX- mv script.js
runtime_script.js}
26. mv filepath/newname ---------------- To rename a file.
27. cp --------------------------------- To copy files {EX- cp filepath new
filepath}
28. cp -r ------------------------------ To copy a directory.
29. rm filename ------------------------ To delete a file.
30. rm -r folderpath ------------------- To delete a folder.

+ means adding permissions


- means removing permissions
chmod means change mode
ugo means user, group, others
rwx mean read, write, execute

31. chmod ugo-rwx ---------------------- To add permission to a file. (what


permissions you are adding and to whom like ugo means user, group, others & rwx
mean read, write, execute).
31. chmod -R ugo-rwx ------------------- To add permission to a folder. (For adding
permissions folder -R is required).
32. chmod u+x filename ----------------- This will add permissions to execute.
33. chmod g+wx filename ---------------- This will add permissions to group to
write and execute.
34. chmod u-x filename ----------------- This will remove permissions user to
execute.

1->x(EXECUTE), 2->w(WRITE), 4->r(READ)

35. chmod 664 foldername --------------- This will give to ugo group like first
place 6 is for user(u) second 6 is for group(g) & third 4 is for other(o).
Now here 6 = 4+2 mean 4 is for read and 2 is for write so user(u) will have read &
write permissions.
Now here 6 = 4+2 mean 4 is for read and 2 is for write so group(g) will also have
read & write permissions.
Now here 4 which is for read and 2 is for write so other(o) will have only write
permissions

Now if we want to give all the permissions then the number will be 7(4+2+1;
summetion of all) for all the cases like - chmod 777 foldername

36. echo 'Hello World'--------------------------- To display a certain message.


37. head filename ------------------------------- View us the first 10 rows of a
file.
38. tail filename ------------------------------- View us the last 10 rows of a
file.
39. head -20 filename --------------------------- View the first 20 rows of a file.
Same goes with tail.
40. tail -n +25 filename | head -n +5 ----------- To view custom rows. (It will
show output starting after 25 and end till 25+5 i.e upto 30)
41. wc filename --------------------------------- To view linecount, wordcount,
charactercount of a file.

42. grep "one" filename ------------------ Where "one" has been used in the file.
43. grep "one" filename | wc -l ---------- How many times "one" has been used in
the file.
44. grep -c "one" filename --------------- How many times "one" has been used in
the file.
45. grep -h "one" filename --------------- Where "one" has been used in the file.
(case sensitive)
46. grep -hi "one" filename -------------- where "one" has been used in the file.
(not case sensitive)
47. grep -hir "one" directoryname -------- Where "one" has been used in the folder.
48. grep -hin "one" filename ------------- Where "one" has been used in the file
inc line numbers. (not case sensitive)
49. grep -hinw "one" filename ------------ Where "one" has been used inside a word
also individually. {colone, one, One} (case sensitive)
50. grep -o "one" filename --------------- Only gives us the matched part.
51. grep -w "one" filename --------------- Where "one" has been used in the file.
52. history ------------------------------ To view all the command that i've used.
53. bash filename ------------------------ This will straightforward execute a Bash
script, regardless of the script's execution permissions.
54. grep "ERROR" filename ---------------- Will view all the error messages in that
file.
55. grep -v "INFO" filename -------------- Will give all the info of the file.
56. grep -A 5 ERROR filename ------------- To view rows after the occurance of
ERROR text in a file
56. grep -B 5 ERROR filename ------------- To view rows before the occurance of
ERROR text in a file
56. grep -C 5 ERROR filename ------------- To view rows before and after the
occurance of ERROR text in a file.

57. sed -n '/ERROR/ p' filename ------------------ To print lines with ERROR text.
58. sed 's/ERROR/CRITICAL' filename -------------- Replace ERROR with CRITICAL in
the file.
59. sed -ibackup 's/ERROR/CRITICAL/' filename ---- Create a backup of the file.
60. sed '3 s/CRITICAL/VERYCRITICAL/' filename ---- Replace CRITICAL with
VERYCRITICAL in line number 3.
60. sed '3,5 s/ERROR/CRITICAL/' filename --------- Replace CRITICAL with
VERYCRITICAL in line number 3 to line number 5.
60. sed -n '3,/ERROR/ p' filename ---------------- This is used to selectively
print a portion of a file, starting from a specific line (line 3 in this case) and
continuing until a line containing a specific pattern (in this case, "ERROR") is
encountered.

61. awk '/ERROR/{print $0}' filename ------------------------- To print lines with


ERROR text.
62. awk '{gsub(/ERROR/, "CRITICAL")}{print}' filename--------- Replace ERROR with
CRITICAL in the file.
63. awk 'BEGIN {print "LOG SUMMARY\n--------------"} {print} END {print
"--------------\nEND OF LOG SUMMARY"}' filename --------- Add text in the beginning
and ending of a file.
64. awk '{print $1, $2}' filename ---------------------------- Print 1st and the
2nd column of the data (file).
65. awk -F "," '{print $1, $2}' filename --------------------- Pull a particular
category from the data, it will extracts and prints the first two fields of each
line.
66. awk '{count[$2]++} END {print count["ERROR]}' filename --- Count the occurance
of ERROR in second column of the file.
67. awk '{ if ($1 > 1598863888 ) {print $0} }' log.txt ------- View the rows after
1598863888 in first column.

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