GR - 12 Q2 - Module 1 Students

12
TVL-HE-CAREGIVING
Quarter 2 – Module
1:
PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL

NEEDS
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Caregiving. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module covers only one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – The people with special needs
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the people with special needs.
2. Categorize the special needs into four major types.
3. Recognize the importance of identifying a person with special needs.
1
Lesso
n People With Special
1 Needs
To provide an effective quality care, caregivers should understand a person

with special needs. Being an informed caregiver will help you in making health
decisions and understand the challenges you may experience while taking care of a
person with special needs.
What is It
Knowing and understanding a person with special needs will help in early
detection of the disability. This will help the family in making decisions and seek
professional help at an early stage. As defined by CDC, disability is the condition of
the body or mind that affects the capacity of the person to do certain activities.
Some of the disabilities are hidden or not easy to see. Impairment on the other
hand is the absence or the structure of the person is different.
For easy classification, disabilities were grouped into four major types. The types are
physical, developmental, behavioral/emotional and sensory impaired.
A. Physical Disability – This category refers to functioning of the body and

body systems.
Disability Descriptio
n
Epilepsy Is a disorder of the brain that is
sometimes called seizure disorder. The
main sign of epilepsy is seizure. There
are many types of seizure but the most
common are shaking and blank stares.
Goal for treatment is to stop and lessen
seizure. Note: Prolonged and
uncontrolled epilepsy can cause brain
damage thus early
detection is necessary.
Cerebral This condition is a group of disorders
Palsy that affects the ability to control his or
her muscles. The cause of cerebral palsy
is due to abnormal brain development.
Cerebral means relating to brain and
2
Palsy means weakness or problems in
using the muscles. There are many types
of cerebral palsy. Some of the early
signs of cerebral palsy are stiffness,
floppy, the child can’t bring her hands
together. Cerebral Palsy
has no cure yet but early detection is
very important for proper intervention
and help the person reach their full
potential. Treatment includes medicine,
surgery, braces, physical and speech
therapy.
Amputations Is a condition that relates to a loss of
limb. Removal may be due to injury,
disease or surgery. One of the common
reasons for amputation, is trauma
(injury) due to accidents. Rehabilitation
is essential after amputation. The main
goal of rehabilitation is to let the person
with amputation return to his highest
level of functioning. Most common
concern for amputated limbs are
phantom pain. Phantom pain is a pain
felt by the amputated person on the part
of the body that is no longer there. Some
studies say that it is a psychological
behavior but treatment still included
medications partnered with non-
medication treatments
such as massage of the residual limb.
A person who's had an arm or a leg surgically
removed is an amputee.
B. Developmental - This category refers to conditions caused by genetic or

chromosomal conditions.
Down Is a lifelong condition that is also referred

Syndrome as Trisonomy 21. This happened due to
an extra copy of chromosome 21. Most
people with Down syndrome has the
same physical features which are almond
shaped eyes, small ears, a flattened face
specially the bridge of the nose.
Autism Affects both the verbal, non-

verbal communication thus causes
problems in
social interaction. Signs are usually
evident at the age of 3. Some
3 characteristics are resistance to changes
in environmental and daily routine.
Currently, there is no cure for the
condition yet but several interventions
can be used. There are many studies and
researches are currently done to reduce
the symptoms and improve the cognitive
ability to help the child reach
their full potential.
Intervention: Avoid
busy and noisy environment. Follow the
daily routine.
Fragile X Syndrome A genetic disorder that is caused by
changes of a gene called FRM1 (Fragile X
Mental Retardation 1). The gene makes a
protein called “fragile X mental
retardation protein(FRMP)” which is
essential for normal brain development.
Signs usually are delay in development
(such as not sitting or walking at the
same time with other children of the
same age), trouble in learning. FXS is a
lifelong condition and does not have a
cure yet. However, common goal of
treatment is to help the person to learn
important skills (such as walking,
interacting with others). Medicines can
be used to treat the
behavioral problem. The earlier the
intervention, the better the result.
C. Behavioral/Emotional – This category refers to disabilities related

to behaviors or emotions.
Attention Deficit Is a disorder from childhood and can last

Hyperactivity until adulthood. The signs and symptoms
Disorder (ADHD) of a person with ADHD are having trouble
paying attention, overly active or having
impulsive behaviors (do things without
thinking of the result). During preschool
age, ADHD can be treated first with
behavioral therapy before taking
medications.
Interventions: When learning, break the
task into smaller parts.
Emotional Disturbance Is a condition showing the characteristics
for the long period of time:
 Inability to learn with no
underlying intellectual, sensory or
health factors
 Inability to form relationships
such as teachers and peers.
 Inappropriate behavior or feeling
such as having a general mood of
unhappiness or depression
D. Sensory- This category refers to disabilities related to the five

senses (smell, sight, taste, hearing, and touch)
Visual Impairment This pertains to an impairment of vision

including blindness or partial sight.
Hearing Impairment This pertains to an impairment of hearing.
This can be permanent or fluctuating.
Deafness Is a severe hearing impairment that
processing of language through hearing
has been lost.
Note: There are more conditions that are not included in the table above.
Common goal of treatment for life long conditions are helping

each person to reach their full potential. With this, people with special
needs can integrate themselves into the mainstream society.

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12

PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL

The module covers only one lesson:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

To provide an effective quality care, caregivers should understand a person

A. Physical Disability – This category refers to functioning of the body and

B. Developmental - This category refers to conditions caused by genetic or

Down Is a lifelong condition that is also referred

Autism Affects both the verbal, non-

C. Behavioral/Emotional – This category refers to disabilities related

Attention Deficit Is a disorder from childhood and can last

D. Sensory- This category refers to disabilities related to the five

Visual Impairment This pertains to an impairment of vision

Common goal of treatment for life long conditions are helping

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