Zad Cell Activity

Name: ZADERIL C.
ESTEBAN Date Performed: AUGUST 21, 2024

Year & Course: BSED-SCIENCE 2A Score: ________________
Cell: Its Structure and Functions

Laboratory Activity 1
I- Introduction
“All life’s processes are carried out by a single, smallest, fundamental unit
of life called a cell.” They perform specific tasks, provide the body
structure, absorb nutrients from meals, and turn those nutrients into
energy. In this activity, We were given a task to draw and identify the
specific function of each organelles within a cell. This activity will serve as
our model to visualize the parts of the cell since cells can only be seen
through the usage of a microscope.
II- Objectives:
a. To draw plant and animal cells and identify the functions of each organelle.
b. To further look into the processes in cells and answer the given question.
c. At the end of this activity, we expect to gain knowledge about cell
organelles,
their function and processes.
III- Drawing
A. Plant versus Animal Cell (label its part)
Plant Cell Animal Cell
B. Cell organelles and their function.
Cell Organelles Functions

 Encloses the contents of the
Cell Membrane cell.
 Provides shape: animal cell.
 Allows transport: by Diffusion
and Osmosis.
 Controls the activity of the

Nucleus cell.
 Starts cell division.
 It has the chromosomes or
DNA which controls the
hereditary characters
 The nucleolus is considered

Nucleolus as the brain of the nucleus,
covering nearly 25% volume
of the nucleus. Primarily, it
takes part in the production of
subunits that unites to form
ribosomes. Hence, nucleolus
plays an important role in the
synthesis of proteins and in
the production of ribosomes
in eukaryotic cells.
Ribosomes
 Forms the skeletal framework

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the cell.
 Transport of materials from
one cell to other.
 Provides a surface for the
synthesis of material –
Proteins in RER and Lipids in
SER.
 Formation of lysosomes,
Golgi bodies and vacuoles
 Membrane Biogenesis
 Detoxification of harmful
substances in the liver.
smooth and rough ER (with &

and without ribosomes)
The Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
 Store cell sap which may be

Vacuoles liquid or solid food, toxic
byproduct.
 Provide rigidity and turgidity
to plant cell
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Microtubules
Centrosomes
Centrioles
Cilia and Flagella
Microfilament or Actin Filament
Intermediate filament
Vesicle
IV- Questions
1. How do lysosomes contribute to the process of cellular digestion and waste

removal?
➡️ Lysosomes are kind of wasted disposal system as they contain enzymes

which can cause lysis or breakdown of anything which is not required by the
cell. They can even cause the breakdown of the entire cellular structure if
required.
2. What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in
terms of structure and function?
➡️The primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are in their
structural complexity and organization. Because they lack a nucleus and other
organelles that are membrane-bound, prokaryotic cells are simpler. Within the cell,
their genetic material is floating freely. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have a
distinct nucleus that contains DNA in addition to a number of membrane-bound
compartments known as organelles that serve specific purposes. These organelles,
which include the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, allow
eukaryotic cells to perform intricate biological functions more effectively
3. Why is the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane is considered as dynamic?
➡️ According to this model, the cell membrane is dynamic or moving and

asymmetrically scattered with various components, including proteins,
carbohydrates, cholesterol, and phospholipids. These components of the membrane
float in this fluid-like space and move laterally throughout the membrane.
4. How does this dynamism contribute to membrane functions like transport and
cell signaling?
➡️The dynamic nature of the cell membrane is crucial for its ability to perform
essential functions like transport and cell signaling. Its fluidity allows for flexibility in
adapting to changing conditions, facilitating processes like protein movement,
membrane budding and fusion, receptor clustering, protein interactions, and lipid raft
formation. These processes are essential for efficient transport of substances, cell-
to-cell communication, and overall cellular function.
5. Why does nucleus is considered as the control center of the cell?
➡️The nucleus is considered the control center of the cell because it contains the
cell’s genetic information, or DNA. DNA contains the instructions to make all of a
cell’s proteins. Proteins are organic molecules that perform most of the cell’s
functions. Proteins act as enzymes, help transport materials, provide immunity, and
act as hormones among other activities. Without proteins, your cells couldn’t do
anything.
6. What structural features distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell, and how
do these differences relate to their functions?
➡️Key Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells:
Cell Wall- plant cells have a rigid cell wall, providing structure and protection.
Chloroplasts- Only plant cells have chloroplasts, which use sunlight to produce their
own food through photosynthesis.
Vacuoles-Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage and maintaining cell
shape, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles.
These differences reflect the unique functions of each cell type:
Plant cells-Rooted and produce their own food (autotrophs).Animal cells-Mobile and
obtain food from other organisms (heterotrophs).
7. What is the significance of the large central vacuole in plant cells, and how
does it compare to the vacuoles found in animal cells.
➡️ The large central vacuole in plant cells plays a crucial role in maintaining
cell structure, storing water, nutrients, and waste products, and regulating
turgor pressure, which gives the plant its rigidity. In contrast, animal cells have
smaller vacuoles that primarily function as storage organelles. This difference
reflects the distinct needs of plant and animal cells, with plants requiring a
larger vacuole for their rooted lifestyle and photosynthetic processes, while
animals have smaller vacuoles for their more mobile nature and different
metabolic requirements.
V- Conclusion
Exploring the world of cells is so fascinating. Imagine a microscopic entity is
responsible for your entire well-being. Cells and their organelles are so important as
it is the building blocks of our entire body. Indeed! Learning cells is truly fascinating.

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Name: ZADERIL C.

ESTEBAN Date Performed: AUGUST 21, 2024

Cell: Its Structure and Functions

Cell Organelles Functions

 Controls the activity of the

 The nucleolus is considered

 Forms the skeletal framework

smooth and rough ER (with &

 Store cell sap which may be

Microfilament or Actin Filament

1. How do lysosomes contribute to the process of cellular digestion and waste

➡️ Lysosomes are kind of wasted disposal system as they contain enzymes

3. Why is the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane is considered as dynamic?

➡️ According to this model, the cell membrane is dynamic or moving and

5. Why does nucleus is considered as the control center of the cell?

➡️Key Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells:

These differences reflect the unique functions of each cell type:

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