1.wavelength and Particle Size Using Laser

Particle Size Determination by Laser
Wavelength of Laser Source using Grating

Ex. No.: Date:
DETERMINATION OF LASER PARAMETERS - WAVE LENGTH AND PARTICLE

SIZE
Aim:
To determine the particle size of lycopodium powder and the Wavelength of
the given laser source.
Apparatus required:
Laser source, lycopodium powder, meter scale, paper, pencil, screen, grating, etc.
Formula:
(i) Particle size is given by the formula
(ii) Wavelength of laser source
Where
m – Dark ring order (m=1,2,3….)
λ - Wavelength of laser source Å ( x 10-10 m )
D - Distance between the glass plate and the screen ( × 10 -2 m )
- Radius of the mth ring ( × 10-2 m )
θ - Angle of diffraction Deg
N - Number of lines / Metre in the grating
(i) Determination of particle size
Principle:
The experiment is based on the principle of diffraction. The bending of light waves
round the corners of obstacles or apertures, when their size is comparable with the
wavelength of light is called diffraction.
Procedure:
The laser beam is incident on a glass plate dusted with lycopodium powder (fig.)
The dust particles on the glass plate act as a randomized two-dimensional grating and
produce a diffraction pattern on the screen. The diffraction pattern consists of faint
concentric circles (fig).
We may not see more than three orders. Measure the radii (x m) of the dark rings from
its center to the central bright spot as shown in figure. And the values are recorded as below is
table. The distance (D) between the glass plate and the screen is noted. Assuming the wave
length of laser source, the particle size can be determined from the given formula
corresponding to each order and mean value can be found. The dark room is preferred to see
the diffraction clearly and for better results.
(ii) Determination of wavelength
Principle:
The experiment is based on the principle of diffraction. The bending of light waves
round the corners of obstacles or apertures when their size is comparable with the
wavelength of light is called diffraction.
Procedure:
He-Ne laser is kept horizontally and switched on .The grating is held normal to the
laser beam. This is done by adjusting the grating in such a way that the reflected laser beam
coincides with the beam coming out of the laser source.
After adjusting for normal incidence, the laser light is exposed to the grating and is
diffracted by it .On the other side of the grating, the diffracted laser spots are seen on the
screen. The distance of different orders from the central spot are measured
The distance between the grating and screen (D) is also measured.
Using the table, θ is calculated. The wavelength of the laser light is found using the
formula
(1). The number of lines in the grating is assumed.
It can be also measured from the experiment using known wavelength of the standard
source and using the formula,
Determination of size of the Particle
S.NO Distance between the glass Radius of the

plate Order dark ring from
and the screen (D × 10-2 m ) (m) the centre Rm
(10-2 m )
1
2
Mean = …………………………………µm
Determination of Wavelength of Laser Light
Readings of Diffracted image
Left side Right side

Distance
order of Distance
D of X Xm Xm
diffraction
different tan   m   tan 1
(
X m
D
) of tan     tan 1 (
D
)
different D
orders D orders
from
from
the Mean
the central
central θ = θ 1 + θ2/2
spot
spot
(n) (m) (m) (deg) (deg) (m) (deg) (deg) (deg) A0
1
2
3
1
2
3
0
Mean = ………………………. A
RESULT :
(i) Average particle size =.................................................micrometer (μm)

(ii) Wavelength of the laser source =................................................. Å
VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
1. What is semi conductor diode laser?

2. What is LASER?
3. What are the characteristic of laser radiation?
4. Define numerical aperture.
5. What is Diffraction of light?
6. What is Grating?
7. Define Grating element and grating constant.
MARKS SPLIT UP FOR INTERNAL MARKS

EXPERIMENT 10
CALCULATION 5
RESULT 5
VIVA VOCE 5
TOTAL MARKS / 25
FACULTY SIGNATURE

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1.wavelength and Particle Size Using Laser

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Particle Size Determination by Laser

Wavelength of Laser Source using Grating

DETERMINATION OF LASER PARAMETERS - WAVE LENGTH AND PARTICLE

(ii) Wavelength of laser source

(ii) Determination of wavelength

S.NO Distance between the glass Radius of the

Readings of Diffracted image

Left side Right side

(i) Average particle size =.................................................micrometer (μm)

VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS

1. What is semi conductor diode laser?

MARKS SPLIT UP FOR INTERNAL MARKS

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