ESIA of Kebeda Ejeta Cattle Fattening

Cattle Fattening Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Report
Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment Report
Of
Cattle/Animal Fattening Farm
Project Location:
 Regio: Oromis Regional State
 Zone: West shawa
 Woreda: Jibat
 Kebele: Maru komoche
Promoter:: Ato : KEBEDA EJETA
Tele: +251-910521744
CONSULTAT: Bright star management and environmental consultancy plc
Tesdegefa@gmail.com
+251922156248
JUNE, 2024
Jibat ,Ethiopia
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Contents
I. List of Tables and Figures .................................................................................................................... 5

II. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................... 6
III. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 7
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Brief Description of the Project ........................................................................................................ 10
1.2 Objectives of the ESIA Study ............................................................................................................ 10
1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Report Structure .............................................................................................................................. 11
2. Scoping Report .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1 Limit of the Study Area .................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Valued Ecosystems within the Study Areas to be Impacted .............................................................. 13
3. Administrative, Legal and Policy Requirements .................................................................................. 13
3.1. Policy Framework ........................................................................................................................... 13
3.1.1 Constitution ............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.1.2 Environmental Policy and Strategy ...................................................................................................... 14
3.1.3 Land Policy & Tenure ............................................................................................................................. 15
3.1.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation 299/2002 ............................................................ 17
3.1.5 Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline .................................................................................... 18
3.1.6 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ............................................................................ 19
3.1.7 Ethiopian Water Resource Management and Public Health Proclamation ..................................... 20
3.1.8 National Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation No.456/2005 ...................................... 20
3.2 Regulatory or Administrative Framework......................................................................................... 21
3. 2.1 Sectoral Laws Relevant to EIA .............................................................................................................. 21
3.3 The Institutional Framework of EIA .................................................................................................. 24
3.3.1 Environmental Protection Organs ........................................................................................................ 24
3.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority .................................................................................................... 24
3.3.3 Regional Environmental Agencies ........................................................................................................ 25
3.3.4 ONRS -Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No.176/2012 .......................................... 25
3.3.5 ONRS -Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No.177/2012 .............................................. 26
3.3.6 Sectoral Institutions Relevant to EIA.................................................................................................... 26
4. Project Description ............................................................................................................................ 28
4.1 Background of the Proposed Project ................................................................................................ 28
4.2 Project Location ............................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Operational infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 29
4.4. Operational Activities ..................................................................................................................... 30
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4.4.1. Livestock .............................................................................................................................................. 32

4.4.2 Feed ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
4.4.3 Water ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.4.4 Veterinary Medication ...................................................................................................................... 34
5. Baseline Information of the Project Proposal ..................................................................................... 36
5.1 Project Location ............................................................................................................................... 36
5.2 Population Size ................................................................................................................................ 36
5.3 Geology, Relief, Drainage, and Climate of Jibat Worea ..................................................................... 37
5.3.1 Geology.................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.3.2 Relief and Drainage ................................................................................................................................ 37
5.3.3 Relief and Drainage ................................................................................................................................ 38
5.3.4 Climate..................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.4 Biological and Physical Baseline Information .................................................................................... 39
5.5 Infrastructure and Services .............................................................................................................. 39
5.5.1 Road Access............................................................................................................................................. 39
5.5.2. Communication Access ......................................................................................................................... 40
5.5.3. Utility Supply: Energy and Water ........................................................................................................ 40
5.6 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources .............................................................. 40
6. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................... 40
6.1. Positive Environmental and Social Impacts ..................................................................................... 41
6.1.1 Creation of Employment Opportunities: ............................................................................................. 41
6.1.2 Income for materials/ equipment suppliers: ...................................................................................... 42
6.1.3 Gender Equity and Employment Opportunity .................................................................................... 42
6.2 Potential Negative Impacts of the Project ........................................................................................ 42
6.2.1 Construction Phase Impacts .................................................................................................................. 42
6.2.2 Operation Phase Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 46
6.3 Mitigation Measures for Negative Impacts....................................................................................... 47
6.3.1 Impact on Animal welfare ..................................................................................................................... 47
6.3.2 Impact on Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 49
6.3.3 Impacts on Noise .................................................................................................................................... 49
6.3.4 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................. 50
6.3.5 Solid Waste Disposal .............................................................................................................................. 50
6.3.6 Impact on Ground and Surface Water Contamination ...................................................................... 50
6.3.7 Materials Storage ................................................................................................................................... 51
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6.3.8 Fire Accident ........................................................................................................................................... 51

6.3.9 Occupational Health and Safety Issues ................................................................................................ 51
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................ 54
7.2 Institutional Arrangement and Responsibilities ................................................................................ 54
7.2.1 Aloo H/Abubakar Cattle fattening-As A Proponent ........................................................................... 54
7.2.2 Site Manager Appointed by Proponent ............................................................................................... 54
7.2.3 Environmental Unit ................................................................................................................................ 55
7.2.4 Regulatory Body ..................................................................................................................................... 55
7.3 Implementation of the EMP ............................................................................................................. 56
7.3.1 Ecology..................................................................................................................................................... 56
7.3.2 Have an appropriate waste management system .............................................................................. 56
7.3.3 Noise Management ................................................................................................................................ 57
7.3.4 Land and Soil Management................................................................................................................... 57
7.3.5 Occupational Health and Safety management plan ........................................................................... 57
7.3.6 Management of Environmental Incidents, Complaints and Non-Conformance ............................. 58
7.3.8 Workforce Awareness .................................................................................................................. 59
7.4 Consultation of Key Stakeholders, interrelated and Affected Parties by the project ......................... 59
7.4.1 Basis of Consultation ......................................................................................................................... 59
7.4.2 The objectives of Public Consultation .......................................................................................... 59
7.4.3 Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................................ 59
7.4.4 Topic ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
7.4.5 Community Feedback........................................................................................................................ 60
7.4.6 Outcome of the Consultation ........................................................................................................... 60
7.4 Environmental Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 63
7.5 Environmental Mitigation, Management and Monitoring Costs ....................................................... 65
8. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................... 66
8.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 66
8.2 Recommendation ............................................................................................................................ 66
9. Reference .......................................................................................................................................... 67
Annex 1: Proponents land Acquisition Documents ................................................................................. 68
Annex 2: Minutes of Community Consultation ....................................................................................... 71
Annex 3: Consulting Firm-Business and Professional License ................................................................. 72
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I. List of Tables and Figures
List of Table
Table 4.1: “Projects Absolute Location” ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5.1: “Climate of the District” ................................................................. 38
Table 7.1: “Environmental Management Plan” ................................................. 61
Table 7.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan” ...................................................... 64
Table 7.3:“Yearly Environmental Mitigation, Monitoring Costs” ......................... 65
List of Figures
5.1: “Picture of the current site Condition” ..................................................... 39

Fig 7.1: “Picture of Public Consultation” .......................................................... 60
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II. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand

COD Chemical oxygen demand
ENP Environment management plan
EPA Environment protection agency
HSE Health, safety and Environment
OHS Occupations health and safety
PPE Personal protective equipment
SQ Socially qualified
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
CSE Conservation strategy of Ethiopia
DB(A) A-Sound decibels
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPC Environmental Protection Council
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ETB Ethiopia Birr, the National Currency
FDER Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
TPH Total petroleum Hydrocarbon
VOCs Volatile organic carbonates
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III. Executive Summary
KEBEDA EJETACattle Fattening is a company under incorporation by Oromia Regional

Government Investment and industry Office. As a result, West shawa Zone Rural Land
Administration and Usage Office has granted a layout plan of land acquisition of 1.26 hectare
on 3/12/2014 E.C. to establish cattle fattening. It is located in Oromia Region, west shawa Zone,
Jibat Woreda,Maru Komoche Kebele. As per the feasibility study of the proposed project, the
company intended to create job opportunity for 60 full time employees during operational stage
of the project.
This Environmental and social Impact Assessment study of proposed Cattle Fattening farm
located at Oromia regional state, west shawa zone Jibat woreda administration promoted by
KEBEDA EJETA has been conducted by Bright star management and environmental
consultancy plc
One of the requirements of business engagement is preparing Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment /ESIA/ report thereby getting environmental clearance from the concerned
licensing authority- in this case west shawa Zone Environmental Protection and Climate
Change Authority. Accordingly, this ESIA report is prepared as a result of the contract
agreement entered between KEBEDA EJETACattle Fattening and Bright star management and
environmental consultancy plc. For its Cattle Fattening farm.
The fundamental objective of this environmental & Social Impact Assessment /ESIA/ is to
ensure that the proposed business sector “Cattle Fattening” is environmentally sound and
socially acceptable, and hence it contributes to the development of environmental and social
functions of targeted communities. It is also expected to provide a means whereby the overall
environmental performance and social benefits of the Company can be enhanced through:
 Identification of sensitive environmental components likely to be affected by the
Company,
 Defining positive social and economic benefits; the local communities can derive from
its implementation,
 Identification, prediction and synthesis of the potential environmental impacts associated
with its implementation;
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 Designing the operation and preparation of plans and recommendations regarding

measures that will minimize adverse impacts and enhance beneficial impacts.
 Subsequently designing the monitoring plan for all identified negative impacts and role
of each actor
The methodology adopted to prepare this ESIA report follows the conventional methods that
meet the requirements of the Federal and Regional Environmental Protection Organs’
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines. Physical observations, discussions with
company owner, and photographs were commonly used techniques to gather relevant
information. On top of this, the requirements of the policy and legal frameworks were adopted
in preparing this ESIA.
The key potential positive socio-economic impacts include employment opportunities, local
Income generation and livelihood improvement, knowledge transfer and improving the general
well-being of the local community. On the other hand, the potential environmental impacts that
will require due attention and mitigation measures include impact on quality of air, water
(ground and surface), etc., to mention a few.
Installing appropriate air conditioning system to control air pollution, mounting waste treatment
plant to control waste water, preparing solid waste management procedures with designated
solid waste collection and segregation site with appropriate shed and disposal methods, issuing
proper personal protective equipment and following its proper usage, as well as planting
indigenous trees as green belt development are the major mitigations measures considered in
this document.
In nut shell, this, Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment Report has identified, assessed
and presented mitigation measures for various impacts of the proposed Project.
The conception of this plan is focused on ensuring that the Farm operates efficiently and meets
the requirements of the environmental protection authority and the regulations in force. The
following additional recommendations are made with respect to the environmental management
of the project:
 Implement the internal policy requirements including environmental and social
safeguards, training and awareness for employees;
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 Comply with all environmental and social legislations and policy requirements of the
country,
 Put in place a monitoring and evaluation program for the environmental management
plan in all operational stages covering the following:
 Environmental impacts management and social responsibility,
 Responsible operation and routine maintenance and efficiency in environmental
management;
 Complete environmental and social performance audit and submit audit report to
Licensing authority to ensure that all the proposed environmental mitigation
measures have been complied with;
 That the operation of all facilities in the project is carried out in accordance with
approved plans and laws;
 That the plant establishes and implements a detailed Routine Maintenance plan
for all the facility including the treatment structure;
 That any unforeseen impacts shall be immediately notified to the environmental
expert to ensure that they are immediately addressed and mitigated.
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1. Introduction
1.1 Brief Description of the Project
The proposed project “KEBEDA EJETA Cattle Fattening” is a sole proprietorship company
dedicated to establish State of the Art-Dairy cattle fattening farm with a capacity of over 100
cattle per cycle.
West shawa zone Zone Rural Land Administration and Usage Office of Oromia has approved
the land acquisition plan of 1hectare for the proposed firm on 3/12/2016 E.C. The project is
located in west shawa Zone, Jibat Woreda, Ali Alonso kebele.
As per the information of the project’s feasibility study, the proposed project is expected to
created job opportunity for 60 full time employees during the construction and operational stage
of the project.
1.2 Objectives of the ESIA Study

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report of Birahane DiribaCattle Fattening
constitutes the construction and operational phase environmental impacts, mitigation measures
and management plan options that will be carried out in relation to:-
 Solid wastes, its disposals and management practices

 Liquid wastewater discharges and management practices
 Farm workers’ occupational health and safety risks and management
 Local community health risks and management practices
The overall objective of the ESIA report is to identify adverse environmental and social
impacts, design mitigation measures for identified impacts and promote best management
performance of the project throughout is operational phases. The fundamental purpose of ESIA
report of the proposed Farm are:-
 To establish environmental management practices and standards meeting statutory

requirements;
 To provide guidance to factory management and employees about obligations under the
applicable laws and regulations;
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 To place and guarantee regulatory responses and monitoring frameworks for relevant
environment agencies and interested parties with regards to its operation and fulfilling
obligation regarding environmental and social safeguards;
 To continually review and amend environmental management practices in terms of
technology, statutory requirements, industry practices and regulations;
 To define the management and environmentally responsible expertise with respect to
environmental management concerns and to monitor the manner in which their
responsibilities are discharged;
 To develop and implement contingency plans for the control and correction of
environmental and social incidents;
 To strive for an injury-free workforce and minimize environmental impacts through
implementation of environmental management programs within the farm and reduce
risks to employees and surrounding environment;
 To encourage and promote the minimization of liquid and solid wastes at sources, as
well as use of natural resources, recycling of wastes, energy efficiency, resource
conservation and resource recovery;
 To regularly undertake environmental performance audit and introduce improved
industrial working procedure in the farm so as to ensure that objective above are
appropriately met.
1.3 Methodology
The methodology adopted to prepare this ESIA report follows the conventional methods that
meet the requirements of the Federal and Regional Environmental Protection Organs’
Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines. Observations, and photographs were commonly
used techniques to gather relevant information. On top of this, relevant policies and legal
frameworks have been dealt with in detail in conducting this ESIA study presented in Chapter 4
of this report.
1.4 Report Structure

The main body of the ESIA report is structured under 8 sections. The first section deals with the
introduction part; Section 2 discusses about the initial environmental examination and scoping;
Section 3 reviews the policy, legal and institutional frameworks that are relevant to the project
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under consideration. This is followed by the description of the project, which is presented under
section 4. The description of the existing baseline environmental and social conditions is
covered under section 5. This section deals with the bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural
resources. Section 6 is the section that covers the environmental and social impact assessment
and mitigation measures. Environmental Management Plan for the implementation of the
mitigation measures and the proposed Environmental Monitoring Program is presented in
chapter 7. Conclusive remarks and recommendations are highlighted under the conclusion and
recommendation section in chapter 8.
2. Scoping Report
In the aim of deciding up on the limits of the study area for the project and drawing the list of
activities and impacts to be studied during the assessment, the consulting firm carried out an
initial environmental examination and scoping.
The scoping exercise has been carried out with the following main objectives;
 To define the limits of the study area
 To define list of valued Ecosystem components within the study area
 To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project
 To define list of impacts to be studied
In order to carry out the above tasks, the firm employed different tools and techniques relevant
to the proposed project using environmental scoping checklists and consultation of different
stakeholders (including experts, project affected peoples, local administrators and people, etc of
Jibat Woreda).
2.1 Limit of the Study Area
The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study is conducted for those areas that would
be influenced or impacted by the Flour Mill project implementation. The project site is defined
as “Owner Cattle Fattening” located in Oromia National Regional State, West shawa Zone,
Jibat Woreda, Maru Komoche kebele. It covers a land acquisition plan of 1hectare.
The study also considers biophysical environment of the proposed site, the directly affected
local peoples, available infrastructures such as water, power supply etc. located near the project
which could be directly or indirectly affected by the implementation of the project.
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2.2 Valued Ecosystems within the Study Areas to be Impacted

As explained above the proposed project is located in Oromia National Regional State, West
shawa Zone, Jibat Woreda, kebele. It covers a land acquisition plan of 1-hectare. However, the
site has been used for grazing purpose having small shrubs/ tree species/ and grass as well as
source of stone for masonry and backfilling purpose.
3. Administrative, Legal and Policy Requirements
3.1. Policy Framework
3.1.1 Constitution
Being a supreme law of a land, a constitution provides the basic framework on which detailed
laws shall be developed for various sectors. The 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia contains provisions that support the enactment of EIA legislation. In this
regard, it stipulates that the design and implementation of development programs and projects in
the country should not damage or destroy the environment; and recognizes the right of the
people to be consulted and express their views on the planning and implementation of
environmental policies and projects that affect them (Art. 92). In addition, the constitution
recognizes the right of citizens to live in a clean environment, and, where they are displaced or
their livelihood has been adversely affected by the development projects undertaken by the
government, the rights to get commensurate monetary or alternative compensation, including
relocation with adequate state assistance (Art. 44). These provisions provide a perfect
constitutional basis for the development and implementation of an effective EIA process.
Thus:-
In a section that deals with the right to development (Article 43):

 Article 43 (1) gives broad right to the peoples of Ethiopia to improved living standards and to
sustainable development.
 Article 43 (2) acknowledges the rights of the people to be consulted with respect to policies and
projects affecting their community. and
 Article 43 (3) requires all international agreements and relations by the State to protect and
ensure Ethiopia’s right to sustainable development.
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In a section that deals with environmental rights, Article 44 guarantees "the right to a clean and healthy
environment". On the other hand, in a section that deals with environmental objectives, Article 92 sets
out the Federal policy principles and significant environmental objectives. More specifically Article 92:
 Affirms the commitment of the Government to endeavor towards ensuring that all
Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment.
 Warns that the design and implementation of development programs and projects should not to
damage or destroy the environment.
 Guarantees the right of people to full consultation and their expression of views in the planning
and implementation of environmental policies on projects that affect them directly. and
 Imposes the duty on Government and citizens to protect the environment.
In the context of land ownership and holding right:
 Article 40 (3) vests the right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all
natural resources, in the government and in the peoples of Ethiopia. It recognizes land as
a common property of the Nations, Nationalities of and peoples of Ethiopia and
prohibits sale or any other exchange of land.
 Article 40 (4) guarantees the right of farmers to obtain land without payment
and protection against eviction from their possession. and
 Article 40 (5) guarantees the right of pastoralists to free land for grazing and cultivation
as well as the right not to be displaced from their own lands.
In recognition of the value of human input on land,
 Article 40 (7) states that “Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable
property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by
his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and where
the right to use expires to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation
for it.”
3.1.2 Environmental Policy and Strategy
The Constitution is the supreme law of the country, whose provisions all other policies,
regulations and institutional frameworks must comply with. The Constitution of the FDRE
(Proclamation No. 1/1995 as amended) is the foundation for human rights, and natural resources
and environmental management. The Constitution states that:
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 Government and all Ethiopian citizens shall have the duty to protect the country’s
environment and natural resources,
 Design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not
damage or destroy the environment,
 The People have the right to full consultation and expression of views in the planning
and implementation of environment policies and projects that affect them directly.
The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) was issued in April 1997. The EPE supports
Constitutional Rights through its guiding principles. The overall policy goal is to improve and
enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians, to promote sustainable social and
economic development through sound management and use of natural, human-made and
cultural resources and their environment as a whole, so as to meet the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation of the people and their
organizations at all levels in environmental management activities, and to raise public
awareness and to promote understanding of the essential linkage between environment and
development. In addition to its guiding principles, the policy provides sectoral and cross-
sectoral environmental policies.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) policies are included in the cross-sectoral

environmental policies. The EIA policies emphasize the early recognition of environmental
issues in project planning, public participation, mitigation and environmental management, and
capacity building at all levels of administration.
The policy establishes the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
harmonize Sectoral Development Plans and to implement an environmental management
Programme for the country. It also imparts political and popular support to the sustainable use
of natural, human-made and cultural resources at the federal, regional, zonal, woreda and
community levels.
3.1.3 Land Policy & Tenure

The Constitution of the FDRE states that the right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well
as all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the state and in the people of Ethiopia
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(Proclamation No. 47/1975). Article 40 of the Constitution indicates that land is a common
property of the nations, nationalities and the people of Ethiopia and shall not be subjected to
sale or to other means of transfer.
Resettlement and rehabilitation are recognized civic rights in the Ethiopian legislation. Article
44 of the revised Constitution of 1995 states that all persons who have been displaced or
whose livelihood has been adversely affected because of State Programme have the
right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation including relocation
with adequate state assistance. This compulsory legal principle is also stated in the Constitution
of the FDRE. The government shall pay fair compensation for property found on the land but
the amount of compensation shall not take into account the value of the land.
Hence project plans must include an ’attractive’ and sustainable resettlement strategy, offering
adequate compensation and incentives to the affected population. The main emphasis should be
on maintaining an open dialogue with the people, building a trustworthy relationship between
the Government agencies and the population and enhancing community participation in any
project from the onset of the study up to its implementation. In this respect, Article 43(2) of the
Constitution defines the rights of all Ethiopians to participate in national development and, in
particular, to be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community.
In Ethiopia, involuntary displacement due to expropriation is governed mainly by the civil code,
No. 65/1960. In this code, the reasons and objectives of expropriation are clearly specified.
According to articles 1460-1488 of the civil code, expropriation is possible only for projects of
public utility and only immovable objects could be expropriated. These regulations of the civil
code are designed to protect private property and in the case of expropriation necessitated
by public utility are unavoidable to make sure that it is co-ordinated with payment of legally
sufficient compensation and proper communication with those whose immovable objects/items
are to be dispossessed.
According to this civil code, all that can legally prove existence of real right over the
immovable objects to be expropriated qualify or are eligible to receive legally sufficient
compensation. Article 1474 of the civil code provides that compensation payment could be
either in cash or in kind. This principle is also contained in other articles of the code.
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The Federal proclamation on expropriation of land for public purposes and compensation
(proclamation No. 455/2005) as a new proclamation repealed the 1960 Ethiopian civil code.
And states the time limit which the land could be acquired after request is received from a
project developer, principles for assessment of compensation for properties on the land as well
as for displacement compensation. It also empowered the Wereda administration to establish
valuation committee to evaluate private properties.
3.1.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation 299/2002

This Proclamation (No 299/2002) aims primarily at making the EIA mandatory for categories of
projects specified under a directive issued by the EPA. The law specifies the projects and
activities that will require an environmental impact assessment (EIA). The proponent of the
project must prepare the EIA following the format specified in the legislation. The EPA will
then review the EIA and either approve the project (with or without conditions) or reject it.
Under this legislation, the EPA has to prepare procedures, regulations, environmental guidelines
and standards for the EIA. Environmental guidelines are among the tools for facilitating the
consideration of environmental issues and principles of sustainable development and their
inclusion in development proposals. The Proclamation requires, among other things:
 Specified categories of projects to be subjected to an EIA and receive an authorization from the
EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency prior to commencing implementation of the
project.
 Licensing agencies; ensures that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior to
issuing an investment permit, a trade or operating license or a work permit to a business
organization.
 The EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency may issue an exemption from carrying
out an EIA in projects with an insignificant environmental impact.
 A licensing agency may suspend or cancel a license that has already been issued where the EPA
or the relevant regional environmental agency suspends or cancels environmental authorization.
Procedures that need to be followed in the process of conducting an environmental impact
assessment are described in the Proclamation. Thus a project developer is expected to act as
follows:
 Undertake a timely environmental impact assessment, identifying the likely adverse impacts,
incorporating the means of their prevention, and submitting the environmental impact study
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report accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or the relevant regional
environmental agency.
 Submit an environmental impact study report to the EPA or the relevant regional environmental
agency for review
The main objective of the above Proclamation is to make the EIA mandatory for
specified categories of activities undertaken either by the public or private sectors.
3.1.5 Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline
The EPA has issued a Guideline Document for EIAs. The document provides a background to
environmental impact assessment and environmental management in Ethiopia. The document
aims at being a reference material to ensure effective environmental assessment and
management practice in Ethiopia for all parties who engage in the process. The long-term
objectives of the EIA system as set out by the EPA are:
 Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources

 Integration of environmental considerations in development planning processes
 Protection and enhancement of the quality of all life forms
 Attainment of environmentally and socially sound and sustainable development.
The document details the required procedures for conducting an EIA in Ethiopia and the
requirements for environmental management. These requirements are presented on a step-by-
step basis. In addition, the document specifies tools that may be considered when engaging in
the EIA process. Reference is made to the legislation and policies with which potential investors
and developers in Ethiopia must comply and key issues for environmental assessment in
specific development sectors are detailed for consideration.
In addition, the EIA Guideline provides the categories, the relevant requirements for an EIA,
and lists project types under each category. In accordance with this Guideline, projects are
categorized into three schedules:
 Schedule 1: Projects which may have adverse and significant environmental impacts and
therefore require a full Environmental Impact Assessment
 Schedule 2: Projects whose type, scale or other relevant characteristics have potential to cause
some significant environmental impacts but are not likely to warrant a full EIA study
 Schedule 3: Projects which would have no impact and do not require an EIA.
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Under Industries, manufacture of packed food items that are likely to have some significant
environmental and social impacts would fall into Schedule 2. In the same manner, the proposed
proposed falls under Schedule -2 which requires the preparation of partial Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment Report thereby submit to Oromia National Regional State- West
shawa Zone Environmental Protection Authority to get environmental clearance certificate.
3.1.6 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control

The survival of man, and of any nation for that matter, depends on the ability to manage wastes
in an environmentally sound manner. This can only be achieved through establishment and
enforcement of appropriate standards and guidelines set to ensure that we do not destroy our
environment and indeed the very basis of our existence.
This aims to insure the right of citizens to a healthy environment and to impose obligations to
protect the environment of the country. In this connection the proclamation provides a basis
from which the relevant environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can be developed and
sanctions violation of these standards as criminally punishable offences.
According to the Proclamation No. 300/2002, Environmental Pollution Control, the protection
of the environment, in general, and the safeguarding of human health & wellbeing as well as the
maintaining of biodiversity& the aesthetic value nature, in particular are the duties &
responsibilities of all; it is appropriate to eliminate or, when not possible, to mitigate pollution
as an undesirable consequence or social & economic development activities. The proclamation
contains general provision on pollution control, environmental standards, powers and duties of
environmental inspectors, rights to appeal and offences and penalties. The pollution control
component includes provisions on the management of hazardous wastes, chemicals &
radioactive substances, management of municipal wastes and protection of the ozone layer. The
draft proclamation has provisions on forfeiture, cancellation and restoration.
The primary objective of the proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control is to provide the
basis from which the relevant ambient environmental standard applicable to Ethiopia can be
developed and to make the violation of these standards a punishable act. The proclamation
states that “polluter pays” will be applied to all person.
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3.1.7 Ethiopian Water Resource Management and Public Health Proclamation

The project will extract both surface and subsurface water to meet needs by the Farm as well as
for the people who will work in the project area hence it was found necessary to observe the
water policy of the country. Ethiopian Water Resources Management Proclamation
No.1997/2000, water resource management is defined by the proclamation to mean activities
involving water resources development, utilization, conservation, protection and control. This
includes Article 14 where the issuance of permit by the supervising body is subject to verifying
whether the proposed use of waste does not entail pollution or harmful effects on the water
resources and the environment. (14(1)(b)). Article 13(2) stipulates also that no application for
permit to release or discharge any waste, which endangers human life, animals, plants and any
living thing in to water resource shall be acceptable unless such waste (pollution is treated. This
is consistent with the provision of Public Health Proclamation No.200/2000, the creation of
healthy environment for future generation. The proclamation purports to control, though in
general manner, pollution, including industrial pollution. It prohibits the discharge of untreated
liquid waste. The Proclamation was formulated for comprehensive and integrated water
resources management towards optimal utilization of the available water resources for socio-
economic development on a sustainable basis. The Ministry of Water Resources is entrusted
with broad powers for planning, management, utilization, administration and protection of water
resources, including the promotion and implementation of medium- and large-scale irrigation
projects. Water Resource Utilization Proclamation No. 92/2002 is another important
proclamation put in place with a view to proper management of the country's water resources.
3.1.8 National Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation No.456/2005

The Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation (Proclamation No. 456/2005) defines the
state ownership of rural land and the tenure rights of the land occupant, including rights to
"property produced on his land", rights of inter-generational tenure transfer, and rights of
exchange land and limited leasing rights. Provisions are made for the registration and
certification of tenure rights. Part Three of the Proclamation presents regulations relating to the
use of rural land, particularly as it relates to soil and water conservation and watershed
management. The rural land administration and land use laws are to be implemented by the
regional states.
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Land holding right gives the right to use the land for agricultural purposes as well as to lease it
and, while the right remains in effect, bequeath it to family members, as well as the right to
acquire property thereon, by labour or capital, and to sell, exchange and bequeath the same. The
Proclamation also addresses environmental concerns, including non-compliance with directives
on environmental protection.
An important feature of this Proclamation is that it stipulates rural land use and restrictions
based on proper land use planning, providing for the proper use of various types of land, such as
slopes, gullies and wetlands, as well as the utilization of rural land for villages and social
services. In addition, it is envisaged that the Proclamation will create a sense of ownership
among the vast majority of the rural population and enable them to take initiatives and
collectively engage in environmental management activities.
3.2 Regulatory or Administrative Framework

3. 2.1 Sectoral Laws Relevant to EIA
It has been recognized that activities in the various economic sectors have the greatest impact on
natural resources in particular and the environment in general. Accordingly, integrating EIA
into the laws, regulations and decision-making process in such sectors is crucial. The following
section describes the sector-specific laws and regulations in the country into which EIA should
be integrated.
3.2.1.1 Business law

Business is one of the economic activities that have an impact on the environment. Thus EIA
should be integrated into the laws and regulations that regulate the licensing and operation of
businesses. The licensing and operation of business activities in the country at present are
regulated by the Trade Registration and Business Licensing Proclamation (Proclamation №
67/1997). The proclamation subjects the undertaking of commercial activities in the country to
the requirement of business license. Article 21 of the proclamation stipulates that no person may
carry on commercial activity without obtaining a business license.
In addition, the proclamation requires that any commercial activity should be undertaken in
compliance with environmental protection regulations. It regards the observance of
environmental protection laws both as a pre-condition for issuance, and the ground for
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suspension and revocation of, a business license. Article 22(2) of the proclamation requires
presentation of a certificate from environmental agencies to the effect that the intended business
activity does not violate environmental protection laws as precondition for the granting of
business license. The proclamation also states that, if a licensed business is ascertained to have
violated environmental protection laws, its license may be suspended until the violation is
rectified. If the issue is not rectified within the specified time or if the business repeatedly
commits the breach, the license may be revoked.
Given that environmental impact assessment is one component of environmental laws, it can be
inferred that the Trade Registration and Business Licensing Proclamation (Proclamation №
67/1997) has integrated EIA into the framework regulating the licensing and the operation of
businesses. In other words, the proclamation provides a legal basis to require a business license
applicant to seek an EIA authorization from environmental agencies before the trade license is
issued, and to suspend or revoke the trade license should the business owner fail to comply with
the conditionality specified in the EIA authorization.
3.2.1.2 Land law

The legal framework governing how land is allocated for investment presents other possibilities
for the incorporation of EIA. Regarding the utilization of land for investment, Ethiopia’s 1995
Constitution provides for the right of investors to obtain land for investment purpose on lease in
accordance with conditions to be specified by subsidiary laws (Art. 40). In line with this, the
Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation (Proclamation № 456/2005) recognizes the
right of investors to obtain and use rural land, provided that priority is given to peasants and
pastoralists (Art. 5(4)(a)). Once land has been allocated, the proclamation obliges landholders to
sustainably use and manage the property.
Having provided the guiding rules, the Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation
(Proclamation № 456/2005) leaves the particulars to be legislated by regional states, allowing
for the spirit of the law to be interpreted in harmony with the situation on the ground in their
respective regions. Accordingly, regions have issued their regional rural land laws in
recognition of the rights of investors to obtain and use rural land. The Rural Land
Administration and Utilization Proclamation of the Southern Regional State (Proclamation №
110/2007), for instance, recognizes the rights of private investors to obtain rural land for
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investment, with priority given to peasants and pastoralists (Art. 5(15). and Art. 10(5) of the
proclamation further stipulate that the development plan submitted by investors seeking land
must not lead to the degradation of the land or surrounding environment). In addition, it obliges
investors to sustainably manage their holding, including any and all natural resources therein
(Article 10(6)). While the rural land law of the Southern Nations Regional State stipulates that
the development plan that investors present to obtain rural land must not lead to land or
environmental degradation, it fails to subject the allocation of rural land to the requirement of
EIA.
3.2.1.3 Water Law

The conservation, utilization and development of water resources in the country at present is
regulated by the 2000 Water Resources Proclamation (Proclamation № 197/2000) and the 2005
water resources regulation (Regulations № 115 of 2005). The Water Resources Proclamation
aims to ensure that the water resources of the country are duly conserved and protected from
harmful effects and utilized for the highest social and economic benefits of the country.
Accordingly, the proclamation describes the measures that must be taken for the conservation
and protection of waterways and the conditions under which water resources may be exploited.
The proclamation prohibits the release of any waste that endangers the lives of humans, animals
or plants into water bodies. In addition, it prohibits the clearing of trees or vegetation and the
construction of residential houses along the banks of water bodies so as to ensure their
protection.
Related to the utilization of water resources, the proclamation establishes a system of water
resource utilization based on permits. For example, permits are required for the construction of
waterworks and for the supply or transfer of water, even if the water is received from another
supplier. The water resources regulation lays out the conditions for the issuance, suspension or
termination of a water use permit. In this regard, it stipulates that a water use permit will not be
issued if the plans entail the creation of pollution or harmful effects to the water resources and
the environment. In addition, it states that a water use permit may be terminated or suspended if
the water resource in use is temporarily or permanently depleted, or if the usage of the water
resource has caused negative impact on the environment. While the water law seeks to ensure
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the sustainable use of water resources, it falls short of making EIA a mandatory requirement for
the issuance of water use and development permits.
3.3 The Institutional Framework of EIA
The current system of government in Ethiopia is organized into a federal structure, comprised of
a federal government and nine regional states. Government administration of EIA in Ethiopia is
thus shared between the federal government and regional states.
This section provides an overview of the institutions responsible for, and relevant to the
administration of EIA in the country.
3.3.1 Environmental Protection Organs
The Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation (Proclamation № 295/2002)

established the institutions responsible for regulation of EIA; these include the Environmental
Protection Authority, Regional Environmental Agencies and the Sectoral Environmental Units.
3.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority

The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) is the lead federal environmental organ with the
objective of formulating policies, strategies, laws and standards to ensure social and economic
development activities in the country sustainably enhance human welfare and the safety of the
environment (Art. 6). The regulation of EIA is one of the key responsibilities entrusted to the
EPA. In this respect, EPA is responsible for establishing a system for undertaking EIA on
public and private projects as well as on social and economic policies, strategies, laws and
programs. Specifically, it is responsible for developing a directive that identifies categories of
projects likely to have negative impact and thus require EIA, and for issuing guidelines that
direct the preparation and evaluation of EIA study reports (Proclamation № 299/2002, Art. 5 &
8). In addition, EPA is responsible for evaluating the EIA study reports on projects subject to
federal licensing, execution or suspension and on projects likely to create inter-regional impacts.
The EPA is also responsible for auditing and regulating the implementation of such projects.
Moreover, EPA is responsible for giving technical support pertaining to environmental
management and protection to regional states and sectoral institutions.
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3.3.3 Regional Environmental Agencies

The Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation (Proclamation № 295/2002)
requires regional states to establish or designate their own regional environmental agencies. The
regional environmental agencies are responsible for coordinating the formulation,
implementation, review and revision of regional conservation strategies; and for environmental
monitoring, protection and regulation (Art. 15). Relating to EIA specifically, the Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation № 299 of 2002) gives regional environmental
agencies the responsibility to evaluate the EIA study reports on projects that are licensed,
executed or supervised by regional states and that are not likely to entail inter-regional impacts.
Regional environmental agencies are also responsible for auditing and regulating the
implementation of such projects.
3.3.4 ONRS -Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No.176/2012

In accordance with Proclamation No 46/2001 Article 49(3)(a) of the Revised Constitution of
National Regional State of Oromia established “Oromia National Regional State-Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation No.176/2012” providing authorization for Rural Land and
Environmental Protection Bureau of Oromia and its structure at different levels. In accordance
with this proclamation, Article 5-License Approval Sub Article 1 declares that no person shall
commence implementation of a project that requires environmental impact assessment from the
Bureau. on top of this, its states on Article 8: “Environmental Impact Assessment Related to
Public Instrument” Sub Article 1 that a public instrument which is likely to entail significant
environmental impacts shall be subject to environmental impacts assessment study prior to its
implementation, Sub Article 2 added any organ of government which initiates a public
instrument shall have the responsibility to undertake the evaluation of its likely environmental
impacts and submit impact assessment report to the Bureau. As per Article 12: Public
Participation- the Bureau shall ensure the inclusion of opinion of public, particularly the
affected community in environmental impact assessment study and their participation while
review of the environmental impacts assessment report is made. On Article 14: “Duties of a
Proponent” Sub-Article 1: after undertaking environmental impact assessment, identifying
and predicting the likely adverse impacts of the project with the inclusion of means or methods
of impact prevention or containment into an environmental impact assessment report, together
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with all essential data, a proponent shall submit the environmental impact study report to the
Bureau.
3.3.5 ONRS -Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No.177/2012
It is found necessary to control and harmonize any social and economic development activities
so as not to impose an impact on sustainable development by polluting the environment, to
clearly put the rights and obligations of those involved in development activities to give
emphasis and play their role in environmental protection, to make laws enacted regarding
environmental pollution control as a country compatible to the regional context; to clearly put
corrective measures to be taken on those bodies that adversely affect the human health and the
environment; Oromia National Regional State-Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation
No.177/2012 has been established. The Proclamation states that:
 No person shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the environment by violating the
relevant environmental standards Art0icle 5(1)
 Any person engaged in any field of activity which is likely to cause pollution or any other
environmental hazard shall, install a sound technology that avoids or reduces the required minimum,
the generation of waste and, when feasible apply methods for the recycling of wastes Article 5(3)
 The mining, processing and distribution, storage, transportation or use of substances shall be subject to
a permit for the competent body and that may ensure by the Bureau as per Article 6(3)
 Any organization shall implement convenient and capable waste management system Article 8(1)
 No person shall be disturbed by the noise pollution that can harm his daily lie Article 9(2)
 The Bureaus has also be given the legitimate power to set environmental protection standards such
as standards for effluents, standards for noise pollution, waste management standards, etc as stated
on Article 11 of the proclamation
3.3.6 Sectoral Institutions Relevant to EIA
3.3.6.1 Ministry/Bureau of Trade and Industry

Business activities are regulated at the federal level by the federal Ministry of Trade and
Industry, and by the Bureaus of Trade, Industry and Transport the Trade at regional levels
(Proclamation № 67/1997). These institutions have the power to issue business licenses for most
commercial activities and the obligation to see that they are operated in accordance with the
law. There are some commercial activities, however, which because of their technical nature are
licensed by other institutions.
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3.3.6.2 Investment Institutions

The Ethiopian Investment Agency is the federal institution responsible for promoting,
coordinating and facilitating foreign investment in the country. In particular, the Investment
Agency is vested with the power to approve and issue investment permits, trade registrations
and operating licenses to foreign investors; and to facilitate acquisition of land by foreign
investors (Proclamation № 280/2002).
Investment licenses for domestic investors are issued by regional investment commissions.
Regional investment commissions are responsible for facilitating and promoting investment
activities in the regions. The Investment Commission of Oromia, for instance, has the power to,
inter alia, issue and renew investment licenses and, where necessary, suspend and revoke them;
initiate policy and implementation proposals necessary to create conducive investment
conditions; take over administration of land designated for investment and ensure that the land
is indeed used for investment; follow up projects and investment licenses and ensure that project
owners fulfill their obligations; and provide advice and support to investors (Proclamation №
106/2007).
3.3.6.3 Ministry/ Bureau of Water Resources

The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is the lead federal institution responsible for the
conservation, utilization and development of water resources in the country (Proclamation No
4/95). Specifically, MoWR has the responsibility, inter alia, to formulate legislation on the
conservation and utilization of water resources; develop plans on the proper utilization of the
country’s water resources for development, and, upon approval, supervise their implementation;
and determine water quality standards for various uses. In addition, MoWR is responsible for
determining the conditions and methods for the optimum allocation and utilization of water
resources that occupy more than one regional state among various uses and users; and to
undertake studies on the utilization of trans-national rivers.
The Water Resources Bureau (WRB) is a regional institution responsible for the management
and use of water resources (Proclamation No 110/2007). Particularly, WRB has the
responsibility to, among other things, study the quantity and distribution of water resource of
the region and prepare water utilization directives and manuals; ensure balanced and fair sharing
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and utilization of water resource in the basins; and issue license to, and supervise, investors
engaged in irrigation development.
3.3.6.4 Financial Institutions

Financial institutions should also incorporate EIA into their procedures. By incorporating EIA
authorization into their loan policies, financial institutions can help ensure that development
projects comply with the EIA requirement. There are a number of private and state-owned
banking institutions operating in the country. Nevertheless, only the Development Bank of
Ethiopia, the major long-term development loan provider in the country, has incorporated
environmental impact into its loan policy. The Development Bank of Ethiopia thus requires loan
applicants to present EIA authorization from environmental agencies as a requirement for
obtaining loan.
4. Project Description
4.1 Background of the Proposed Project

The proposed project “KEBEDA EJETA Cattle Fattening” is sole proprietorship company
dedicated to establish cattle fattening to supply its meat products to both domestic and export
market. It is under incorporation by Oromia Regional State, Investment and industry office.
The proposed project will contribute to the improvement of the local beef market and create
employment along the way. From the feedlot, cattle will be delivered to local and national
abattoirs and also sold directly to consumers. This initiative will contribute to the development
of Jibat woreda community by creating about 60 jobs for unemployed community members.
The proposed area for the Animal feedlot is ideal for this purpose as it is a flat plain with a
slight slope which is good for manure run-off management.
This site needs construction of roads to make more accessible to the site and in order to make it
easier to load and unload material for the project. The feedlot will have 3 lined oxidation
ponds, a Cattle holding facility, and an Orchard capable of herding over 100 cattle per cycle.
4.2 Project Location

The proposed fattening farm will be an agricultural development within an area zoned for
agriculture. The surrounding land use is mainly agriculture subsistence farming activities, cattle
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and goats farming, and therefore the proposed activity is in line with the land-use zoning. The
proposed area for the Animal feedlot is ideal for this purpose as it is a flat plain with a slight
slope which is good for manure run-off management.
It is located in Oromia National Regional State, West shawa -Zone, Jibat Woreda. It is
surrounded by Birahane Diribadairy farm in the east and public bare land in all other directions.
4.3 Operational infrastructure

In order for the feedlot operation to be successful in producing a good quality cattle herd,
certain facilities are necessary. In the planning of handling facilities for the feedlot, it is
important to consider the objectives of the facility. A well-designed handling facility will ensure
animals are gathered safely, sorted, and controlled. The following are four essential components
of a well-designed facility:
• Sorting pens
Cattle are first collected from the farms or feedlot, before they are handled. The size of the
sorting pens must be large enough to fit the largest animal. Each animal requires about 2m2 of
space in the sorting pen. In commercial farms or feedlots at least one sorting pen must be in the
shade and be supplied with water.
• Crushing pens
Crushing pens are used to drive the cattle from the sorting pens to the loading platform. The
crushing pens usually have a moveable gate that is used to lead the cattle into the crush.
• Working area
The working area is the area where the animals are handled and is situated at the end of the
crush. The working will contain area contains the following items:
✓ Neck clamp
✓ Body clamp
✓ Scale
• Loading platform
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A loading platform must be designed in a way that the cattle can be loaded efficiently. The
height of the loading platform is determined by the height of the transportation vehicle. A height
of 1.1 to 1.2 m for trucks is generally accepted.
• Oxidation/Stabilization Pond
The proposed project will have 2 oxidation/stabilization ponds (which will be lined with clay)
which will be used to treat wastewater coming from the animal holding camps. The sludge from
the oxidation pond will be utilized as manure for the irrigation processes.
4.4. Operational Activities

The operational phase will commence immediately upon the completion of the construction
phase. The operational phase will include the receiving, feeding, fattening of cattle, in a healthy
manner, to be sold for beef, as well as providing support to farmers.
Description Area Per Calve Per Lot Total

Shed for Calves 3 150 150
Open Paddock for Calves 6 600 600
Stores (Feed & machine) 120 m2 150 1 150
errant Room, Wash room 80 1 80
Open land 25 2,500 2,500
Office block 500m2 50 1 50
Hay store shade 1 100 100
Total Land Requirement Sq. ft 3,650 315 3,403 3,780
Reserve % 0.378
Future Expansion ( Two Time) 0.756
Inclining Access Road and Others 1
Table 1: Land requirement plan assumptions per calve and per l
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BUILDING AND SHEAD CIVIL WORK COST

Total land requirement for the envisaged plant is 1.5 ha, of which 1,916 m2 is
earmarked for processing plant building and storage for raw material and finished
product. The rest of the land is for the green area and Open Park. The total expenditure for
land at the lease rate of Birr 65 per m2 and land holding is estimated at Birr 124,540 per
annum for 25 years. On the other hand, the total cost of building and civil works, at the
unit cost of Birr 1,415 per m2 is estimated at Birr 2,712,000
From the total 1.5 ha of farm size, the total area required for fattening farm is about 1ha.
Building area and other shade area of 3280 m2 are required and the rest of the area
includes the open area for the cattle and the shad planting area. The total cost buildings
and civil works at the rate of Birr 1,500 per m2 for the building and Birr 8962.50 per m2
for the shade is estimated at Birr 2,180,000. On the other hand, the total cost of land lease
at the rate of Birr 1.2 per m2.
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Fence: A fence with a total area of 5,000 square meters will be fenced by wooden
fence post and barbed wire attached with nail and reinforcement. Doors for outlets
(gates) made of a 0.8 metal sheet and LTZ metal bars. The fence side had a wind
break and trees for shed will be planted.
Offices and Guardhouses: An office building is of 80 m2 will be made
for the manager & reception of guests, the other one will be used for other
staffs with the necessary office furniture. The guardhouse with a dimension of 24
m2 be constructed at a suitable location near the main gate on corer of the fecal all
such infrastructures are constructed from HCB, CIS, local material and finished by
plastid wade painted Feeding and watering troughs: Ten outside feeding trough
with 21*1m size will be constructed at common place to serve as trough for
outside supplementation. Each feeding trough accommodates 20 cattle at a
time (using face-in system). Four Watering troughs, with 12*1m size will be
constructed to serve for 25 cattle at a time, all animals will get and access of water
sufficiently within shorter period of time.
Barn construction: As indicated above, the project is located in the medium land
agro ecological zone. The area has moderate temperature; hence it needs loose
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house system in order to allow open-air circulation. Three lots of houses with a
dimension of 300 m2 will be constructed that holds around 100 beef at a time
using face-out loafing & feeding arrangement. The internal spacing of the barn
consists of gutter for waste disposal, feeding alley, hay rack and gang way to allow
free movement of feeders and sanitarians.
Waste Disposal pit: Waste disposal pit with 5*6 sizes four in number will be
prepared to collect waste disposal from living yards. Proper compost making
technique will be implemented in order to use the manure for crop and feed cultivation
after decomposing for certain period of duration.
Chute construction: Veterinary service is expected from Jibat woreda Urban
agriculture development office aside the facilities of the project. Infrastructures like
crushes and dipping vats are constructed for restraining and dipping purpose
respectively. Fest raining chute attached with 20 sq.m holding pen will be
constructed in order to restrain animals for vaccination and other treatments.
Similarly, dipping vat with assembly yard will be made to dip animals against
external parasites and vectors like tsetse fly.
4.4.1. Livestock
Cattle are firstly introduced to the feedlot after weaning when they are approximately 7 to 9
months of age. The cattle are initially kept on pasture land where back grounding takes place.
Back grounding is the grouping and adaptation of the cattle prior to entry into the feeding
process, which takes up to three months. This practice delivers significant production benefits
once the cattle are on feed, which includes the reduction of disease risks, improvement of feed
intake, and the improvement of socialization. After back grounding, the cattle enter the feeding
process, in which the cattle’s weight is increased from ±200 kg to up to ±450 kg. Some cattle
may enter the feedlot at a more mature stage after grazing on other farms for several months or
years. These more mature animals immediately enter the feeding process.
It is preferred that the animals are still young when entering the feedlot and should also
preferably be male, as males show stronger growth rates than females. The feedlot will be open
to any breed in its initial years and will be evaluated at a later stage in order to revise the breeds
to be accepted into the feedlot.
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4.4.2 Feed
As mentioned above, the cattle are firstly introduced into the feedlot with backgrounding. It is
important that the most palatable grass types are available for the cattle to consume. The feeding
process entails the feeding of cattle with pre-mixed feeds in order to ensure a rapid increase in
the animals’ weight. Most Southern African cattle are grain-fed, as grain ensures much more
tender meat than of cattle that only graze on pastures. Grainfed cattle also provide lean meat
with as little as 1% of fat.
Many feedlots mix their own ration of feed (usually a complete feed) made from the most
readily available ingredients at the best possible process. Large volumes of feed are usually
bought at once (as a complete feed), thus when feed is bought in large volumes, better prices
can be negotiated.
Animals must get sufficient fiber, energy, protein, minerals and vitamins to remain healthy and
productive. The following supplementation is required to ensure healthy fed animals:
• Hay
• Silage
• Grain
• Protein blocks/lick
Initially, the cattle should be fed 2kg per head per day, and should then be increased by 1 kg per
day until no residues are left. In year 1, in order to feed 150 cattle (one cycle), 300 kg of feed
mixture is required per day.
The project will need to supply local livestock with quality feed, as well as provide quality
grazing land for the cattle for back grounding purposes. Training on cattle feeds should be
provided to workers and local community farmers at the project.
Utility of Energy
Annual requirement of electricity, water and fuel is estimated at 12,950 kWh, 110,500 m3 and 75,500
liters, respectively. The total costs of utilities is, therefore, about Birr 466,895 per annum.
4.4.3 Water
A plentiful supply of cool, clean, good-quality water is essential. Water should be in a trough
and off the ground. This ensures in keeping the water clean and free of manure and urine. Poor-
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quality water, which is contaminated by feed, dust, and faces, leads to a reduction in water
intake, which in effect leads to slower rates of gain.
The average daily intake of water for cattle is approximately 50 liters per head per day (USAID,
2008). This calculates to approximately 7500 liters of water per day for 150 cattle. It is,
therefore, important that the project site consists of sustainable water sources, which can
provide sufficient clean water for all cattle daily.
Soil Types
There are three types of soils found in the district.
These are :
 Rendzinas haplic and Luvic phaezems

 Chronic and orthic Luvi soil
Chromic and pellic verti soil
4.4.4 Veterinary Medication

Crowded accommodation is the main cause of the rapid spread of disease in feedlots. A feedlot
manager needs to be aware of the potential danger of these diseases, especially infective
diseases such as Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) which can spread through a feedlot at
a very rapid rate and even if mortalities are relatively low.
Studies indicate that the five of the most common health problems that beef producers
encounter include:
• Respiratory diseases
• Brucellosis
• External parasites, such as flies, ticks, and lice
• Internal parasites, such as roundworms, lungworms, and liver flukes
Vaccinations and parasite controls are available for many of the diseases affecting cattle. The
choice of remedy and time of application depends on the animal's nutritional level, disease
prevalence in the herd, and the region in which the cattle are located. It is advised that local
veterinarians should be consulted for a vaccination program according to the conditions existing
in the area.
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Cattle are vaccinated as calves and are occasionally dipped, dosed, and vaccinated during the
course of their lives due to various diseases and pests. Dipping is done to remove fleas, ticks,
lice, mites, black flies, and screwworms. Finally, dosing should be done on the cattle to get rid
of roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.
The project will need to provide training on the various common diseases and pests that can
harm the cattle’s health. This includes practical training on how to vaccinate, dip and dose
cattle. Veterinary services will be available from the project at all times, as well as the necessary
medicines.
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5. Baseline Information of the Project Proposal
5.1 Project Location

The project is located in Jibat Woreda. Shenen, the capital of the wereda, is 70 and 184kms
away from Ambo and Finfinne, respectively. The district is bounded by Nonno district in the
South, Danno district in the West, Tikur Incinni district in the East, Toke Kutaye district in the
North- East & Ameya district in South- East. Astronomically, it is located between grids of 8O
181/2 ’ N’ 8o54’ N’ & 37O 17’ E 37O 38’ ’E and its total area is 509.5 km2 or 50950 hectares
and before its separation from Nonno, the total area of the district was 1,250.96 km2 or 125,096
hectares.
5.2 Population Size

According to the estimation made from 1999 census report, the total population of the district
was increased from 66,303(49.67% female) in the year 2000 to 74,947 in the year 2004. As far
as the area of residence is considered, more than 69.29% are live in rural area and the remaining
30.71% live in urban area.
The population density of the district was 1.76 pp/ km2 & 0.72pp/km2 in 1996 and 2000 respectively.
On the other hand, the average family size was 4.8 and 3.4, in 1999 and 2000 E.C, respectively.
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Education
The participation rate of the Jibat woreda population’s in different educational levels is greater
than the regional level. However, rapid population growth, which results in increasing the size
of the school age population, continuous challenging the government’s effort of meeting one of
the sustainable development goal. According to the town administration educational office, the
town has 8 Kindergarten, 2 primary schools, and 1 secondary schools. As per the observation
and consultation with the local Government it is recognized that there are no schools, near by
the project site. So, it obvious that the schools‟ children and school facilities are not being
impacted by the factory
5.3.3. Health Facilities

According to Woreda administration Health office has 1 health posts, 1 health centers, 1
private Hospital, 10 clinics, 6 pharmacies and 1 veterinary clinic. Based on the number of
population and health facilities the town has less facility when compared to other cities
5.3 Geology, Relief, Drainage, and Climate of Jibat Worea
5.3.1 Geology
All the present land form of the district was formed when the Great East African Rift Valley
formed during Cenozoic era as a result of faulting and volcanism activities with in different
epoch of quaternary period. It’s most eastern part and western part along the border of Jibat
district is covered by alluvial and Lacuostrine deposits. It’s Northern and south eastern half of
the district is covered by Dino formation while its southern central part is covered by Alkaline
Olivine basalt. It’s western most part and south western tip along abayriver district is covered
by Rhyolitic volcanic center.
5.3.2 Relief and Drainage

The altitude of the district is 2050 meters above the sea level. The lowest place is found in
Kunyo Mogno area (500m) while the highest place is located in Aminia Dabaso (2050m). Due
to its location and desertification, the district has low net work of river systems. However; there
are two major permanent rivers in the district, these two rivers are Awash River and Kalata
River. On the other hand, the major seasonal streams are Belg and Kiremt Generally, the district
has high potential for both traditional and modern irrigation system which can be used to
increase agricultural productivity if they are utilized efficiently. The spate irrigation that has
potential to produce on more than 5000 hectare is also part of irrigation that the district is using
it.
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On other hand, out of total land area of the district, ¾ is plain and the remaining ¼ is plateau.
As the district is also fully found in Great East Africa Rift valley it has high potential in the
production of fruits and vegetables using irrigation.
5.3.3 Relief and Drainage

The relief of the district is characterized by plain of low land and small hills in between the
plain of low land. The altitude of the district is ranges between the year 2271 and 1343 meters
above the sea level. The district is charactezed by rugged topography with several hills and Mountains,
Mount Kondala & Jibaat. In addition, the highest and the lowest elevation of the district is 2975 and
1500 meters, respectively.
5.3.4 Climate
Due to its altitudinal location, the climatic condition of the district is dominantly moderately
warm which has temperature of 20oC-25oC. This type of climate covers about 95 % of the total
area of the district. The remaining ones are moderately cool account for 5 %. Hence, the
dominant type of climatic condition of the district is moderately warm agro-ecological zone.
The mean annual rainfall is 800-900mm and the average rainy days are about 80 days in the
year. The rainfall pattern is bi-modal, which are short rainy season (Belg from April to March)
and summer or long rainy season (Meher from July to September).
Table 5.1: “Climate of the District”
Altitude Annual Description Total Area Area (%)
Conventional Afan In hec.
Oromo
500-1500 20-25C 0 Moderately Warm Gammoojji 42332 95%
1500- 15-20C0 Moderately Cool Badda 2228 5%
2350 daree
Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Office 2000.
From the above table we conclude altitudinal location; the climatic condition of the district is
dominantly moderate warm (hot) which is between 17oC-33oC.This types of climate consists
about 95 % of the total area of the district. The remaining ones are cool account for 5 %. Hence;
the dominant type of climatic condition of the district is agro-ecological zone.
The mean annual rainfall is 900mm and the average rainy days are about 29 days in the year.
The rainfall pattern is bi-modal, which are short rainy season (Belg from April to March) and
summer or long rainy season (Meher from July to September).
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Landscape and Topography

The topographic condition of the project site can be expressed based on qualitative and
quantitative values. The qualitative approach describes the project site’s relative topographic
feature with respect to the local topographic condition. With this respect, the project site is
categorized under the flat topography as per group field site observation. The project site
specifically is characterized by flat plain land with uniform slope appearing proportionally. This
type of land feature is important in minimizing the cost of land preparation
5.4 Biological and Physical Baseline Information

The biosphere component of the environment within the project site assesses the flora and fauna
resources as well as environmentally sensitive areas requiring special attention while
implementing this Project. The Project is mainly characterised by the following biosphere
features:
 The biosphere within the Project area is so small and hence major destruction is not
expected;
 There are no plant species on the verge of extinction; and
 There are very small rare plant species such as oda trees;
It is clearly observed that, the proposed site has been used as farm land but currently
construction of buildings is undergoing for the intended farm as shown in Fig 5.1
5.1: “Picture of the current site Condition”
5.5 Infrastructure and Services

5.5.1 Road Access
The proposed site is located at about 1 km away from the main asphalt road
leading to Ambo-Welkite Town. It has unpaved local road. So the company
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need to upgrade the access road in partnership with other similar companies
to make more accessible at all weather conditions.
5.5.2. Communication Access
Communications facilities are confined to urban centers. They refer to all
activities of telecommunication, postal services, radio, television broadcasting
and printed press. But for the matter of simplicity the study focuses on
telecommunication and postal services. Hence, the proposed site is located in
remote areas from the nearest town shenen, and need to install
communication services for the company.
5.5.3. Utility Supply: Energy and Water
Since there is no any infrastructure in the site, the company need to access
electric power either using renewable energy such as solar and/or install
power supply from the Ethiopian power utility. On top of this, the company
needs to install water from public water supply and/or from deep water well
using submersible water pipe. On other hand, the domestic energy sources that
are used in the district are firewood, dung, crop residue, charcoal, kerosene, and
electricity
5.5.3.4 Source of Energy
The energy sources that are used in the district are firewood, dung, crop residue,
charcoal, kerosene, and electricity
5.6 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources

There is no reported historical or archeological resource in the project area.
During the field visit the consultant did not encounter site of historical,
cultural, religious and archeological importance located near to the project
area.
6. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
This section provides the assessment of the potential environmental and social
impacts of establishing dairy farm in the proposed project location. In addition, it
provides mitigation measures for the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for
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the positive impacts. As a result, the impacts both positive/beneficial and

negative/harmful impacts are presented as follow: -
6.1. Positive Environmental and Social Impacts

Some of the potential positive impacts of the project are:
 Job Creation and employment opportunities for those who will be employed by
the company, either during construction and/or operation of the business
 Income for materials/ equipment suppliers:
 Gender Equity and Employment Opportunity Enhances cultural
transformation through which women of the area who are under cultural
pressure can be benefited by encouraging them through employments
opportunities.
6.1.1 Creation of Employment Opportunities:

Issue Consideration
It is anticipated that the construction and operation phase of the proposed farm will engage the
local labour force. People shall be employed for skilled and non-skilled tasks for example
masonry, carpentry, welding, clerical, cooking, security guards and driving among others.
Employment will broaden and strengthen the income of local communities and migrant workers
and it will improve their ability to absorb shock. As a result, the proposed dairy farm is
expected to create job opportunity for about 55 casual workers and 60 full time employees
during the construction and operational stage of the project.
Enhancement Measures
The proposed farm shall do the following enhancement measures:
 Liaison with the communities will be maintained throughout the construction and operation phase to
maintain Good public relations with the local community.
 The company will establish grievance redress mechanism that is geared towards local communities’ cultural
values into account.
 The company will work with Jibat Woreda Labour Affaires Office and Kutaye Mugno Kebele concerning hiring
of local people for casual jobs since providing priority to local labor is one of the best mechanisms to ensure
industrial peace.
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6.1.2 Income for materials/ equipment suppliers:

Major consideration
The construction phase of development of the proposed dairy farm entails building and civil works for
cow/calf barn, mill house, administrative office, workers residences, etc to mention a few requiring
materials such as gravel, bricks, lumber, steel reinforcement and cement which create market
opportunity for merchandise enterprises located to the nearby enterprises. This is a positive and long
term impact for the local community.
Enhancement measures
The proposed firm creates a smooth working relationship with local merchandise suppliers so as to source
construction materials that in turn create public ownership of the company.
6.1.3 Gender Equity and Employment Opportunity

One of the positive impacts of the project is creating job opportunities and local trading possibilities for
the local people. Therefore, it is expected that significant number of semi-skilled and unskilled laborers
would be recruited from the nearby areas to create job opportunities and sense of well-being among
the local people.
Enhancement Measure:
 More opportunity or priority should be given for women; in particular female headed households
 Some of the construction materials like stone chips, sand and lumber will be procured locally.
 Most of the construction work is labor intensive. It will be ensured that the company’s workers are provided
with proper site facilities including:
 Adequate sanitary facilities,
 Adequate drinking water supply including washing facilities
 Primary health facilities, and
 Solid waste collection and disposal systems
 Proper leisure facilities would be provided in the operation phase of the project for all skilled personnel.
6.2 Potential Negative Impacts of the Project

Since the land for the proposed dairy farming has been already secured by the promoter, there are no
directly affected people either socially or economically during pre-construction phase of the project like
displacement of farmers. Hence, most of the negative impact of the project is analyzed with respect to
its construction and operation stage.
6.2.1 Construction Phase Impacts
The consideration of the construction phase impacts in the following section includes those impacts
related to site preparation and clearance works.
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6.2.1.1 Loss of land use options

The construction of the facilities of the proposed farm such as cattle hedges, administrative office, staff
residences, cafeterias etc, to mention a few will involve the erection of permanent concrete structures
on what is essentially a green field site. This will result in a loss of the options for alternative land use
and thus represents an irreversible commitment of land resources. The loss of optional uses for the
land in the future is considered to be a negative impact.
Mitigation:
 N/A
6.2.1.2 Loss of habitat and biodiversity

The clearing and removal of trees and vegetation during access road construction and the development
of the proposed farm facility will result in the loss of the existing bushes and as a consequence, a
reduction of plant species. Impact mitigation here seeks to retain and restore as much of the original
and natural forested condition of the site.
Mitigation:
 Site clearance is to be preceded by an intensive preparation of indigenous tree seedlings in partnership
with woreda agriculture and natural resource office so that cleared sites can be covered with trees and
grasses to preserve the ecology
 The landscape plan should be prepared prior to commencement of site clearance activities and be subject
to careful review and assessment.
 All construction contractors should be exposed to the environmental management plan and sensitized to
the environmental issues.
6.2.1.3 Soil Erosion
Vegetation clearance, access road construction and excavation works related to construction of the
dairy farm facilities and buildings will expose soils in the affected areas leaving them vulnerable to
erosion by surface run-off. The impact is a negative temporary consequence that exist only for the
duration of construction works before landscaping and drainage works are put in place that would
reduce the susceptibility to soil erosion.
Mitigation:
 Re-cover exposed soils with grass and other appropriate species as soon as possible.
 Monitor areas of exposed soil during periods of heavy rainfall throughout the construction phase of the
project
6.2.1.4 Nuisance Dusting

It can be anticipated that a certain amount of air borne particulate matter (dust) will be generated by
earth moving activities during road and building construction and during off-loading of marl.
The occurrence of dusting is periodic and short-term, lasting for the duration of the construction
activity.
Mitigation:
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 Access roads and exposed ground should be regularly wetted in a manner that effectively keeps down
the dust.
 Workers on the site should be issued with dust masks during dry and windy conditions.
6.2.1.5 Noise
Construction involves the operation of machinery and vehicles. As a result some noise pollution is
expected in and close to the project site. Though the construction doesn't involve the use of explosives
or blasting machines that bring about significant noise effect, due care will be taken to minimize
negative noise effects.
Mitigation:
 Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds should be restricted to normal working
hours.
 Local residents should be given notice of intended noisy activities so as to reduce the degree of
annoyances.
6.2.1.6 Earth Material Sourcing

Earth materials needed for construction (e.g. sand) are normally obtained from quarry and mining
operations. Conscious or unconscious purchase of these materials from unlicensed operations
indirectly supports, encourages and promotes environmental degradation at the illegal quarry sites and
causes medium to long-term negative impacts at source.
Mitigation:
 Earth materials must be obtained from officially licensed and approved quarries and copies of the relevant
licenses made available by the Contractor for inspection at the site.
6.2.1.7 Materials Transportation

The various materials required for construction and building (e.g. steel, blocks, lumber, etc.) will be
obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site. Transportation of these materials,
typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks, usually results in undue road wear-and-tear.
In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and spillages occur on the roadways between source and
site. Dusting degrades local air quality and material spillages worsen driving conditions and increase the
risk of road accidents. These occurrences represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts
on public health and safety.
Mitigation:
 All fine earth materials must be enclosed during transportation to the site to prevent spillage and dusting.
 The cleanup of spilled earth and construction material on the main roads should be the responsibility of
the Contractor and should be done in a timely manner (within 1 hour) so as not to inconvenience or
endanger other road users. These requirements should be included as clauses within the contracts made
with relevant sub-contractors.
 The transportation of lubricants and fuel to the construction site should only be done in the appropriate
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vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums.

 Appropriate traffic warning signs, informing road users of a construction site entrance ahead and
instructing them to reduce speed, should be placed along the main road in the vicinity of the entrance to
the dairy farm.
6.2.1.8 Materials Storage

The improper sitting of stockpiles and storage of sand, gravel, cement, etc., at the construction sites
could lead to fine materials being washed away, during heavy rainfall events, into the drainage system
and ultimately into the adjacent aquatic environment. This would not only represent a waste of
materials but would also contribute to turbidity and sedimentation with consequent negative impacts
on water quality and possibly the ecology of the shallow environments.
Hazardous and flammable materials (e.g. paints, thinner, solvents, etc.) improperly stored and handled
on the site are potential health hazards for construction workers and spilled chemicals would have the
potential to contaminate soil and inhibit plant growth in localized areas. It is anticipated that refueling
or maintenance of large vehicles will take place on the construction site and therefore there will be a
requirement to store fuel and lubricants in a safe manner on the site.
Mitigation:
 The stockpiling of construction materials should be properly controlled and managed. Fine-grained
materials (such as sand, etc.) should be stockpiled away from surface drainage channels and features.
 Safe storage areas should be identified and retaining structures put in place prior to the arrival and
placement of material.
 Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) should be properly stored in appropriate containers and these should be
safely locked away. Conspicuous warning signs (e.g. ‘No Smoking’) should also be posted around
hazardous waste storage and handling facilities.
6.2.1.9 Construction Waste Disposal

Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cut vegetation and
typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags, waste
earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding environment if not
properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation burned onsite would
generate smoke, possibly impacting negatively on ambient air quality and human health. Vegetation
and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in drainage ways, could cause localized pooling and flooding.
Pooling of water, in turn, would create conditions conducive to the breeding of nuisance and health-
threatening pests such as mosquitoes. Poor construction waste management constitutes a short-term,
possibly long-term, negative impact.
Mitigation:
 A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of
construction. This should include the designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and
removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and monitoring.
 Special attention should be given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of solid waste produced during
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site preparation and construction.

 Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site.
 Reusable inorganic waste (e.g. excavated sand) should be stockpiled away from drainage features and used
for backfilling where necessary.
 Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction material, must be
disposed of at an approved dumpsite.
6.2.1.10 Sewage and Litter Management

Inadequate provision of toilets for use by workers can lead to ad hoc defecation in secluded areas on
the site, thus creating unsanitary conditions and sources of fly infestation. Improper disposal of food
cartons and other domestic forms of construction garbage could lead to littering of the site and
pollution of adjacent waters.
Mitigation
 Proper solid waste receptacles and storage containers should be provided in sufficient numbers, particularly
for the disposal of lunch and drink boxes, so as to prevent littering of the site.
 Arrangements should be made for the regular collection of litter and for its disposal only at the designated
dumping site of the town.
6.2.2 Operation Phase Impacts

Environmental and safeguard issues are envisaged to be mainly concerned with management
of natural and improved grassland areas; management of animal manure (quality and capacity
of storage, composting treatment to organic fertilizer, land applications); discharge of dairy
waste water from breeding farms, milk stations to the land; excess nutrient loading of
receiving land for animal manure and protection of surface and ground water resources; and
the veracity of treatment and discharge of waste water from dairy processing plants.
Potential environmental impacts from dairy farms and beef breeding farms and dairy
processing plants could also include smoke, airborne particles and gaseous discharges,
transport and machinery noise.
The project is not expected to produce any significant environmental impacts from other
aspects of the project components. However, some investments may involve minor
environmental issues related to milk hygiene and milking techniques, the use and storage of
animal medicines, natural resources management, biodiversity and location or site preparation
for facilities for dairy cattle housing. Therefore, its harmful/negative environmental impacts
are mentioned as follow:-
 Impact on animal welfare of the dairy farm such as animal breading, animal health, Milking
hygiene, milk storage and milk safety, and animal welfare & lodging
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 Impact on Air quality

 Impacts on Noise
 Solid Waste
 Impact on Ground and Surface Water Contamination
 Materials Storage
 Fire Accident
 Impact on Access to and Usage of Water
 Impact on Power Availability and Consumption
 Occupational Health and Safety Issues
 Public Health
6.3 Mitigation Measures for Negative Impacts

6.3.1 Impact on Animal welfare
Animal welfare is the application of sensible and sensitive animal husbandry practices to the
livestock on the farm. It is primarily concerned with the wellbeing of the animal. In general,
consumers perceive high animal welfare standards as an indicator that food is safe, healthy
and of high quality. Most importantly, the proposed farm is in the business of producing food
for human consumption so it must be confident in the safety and quality of the meet it
produces that satisfies the highest expectations of the food industry and consumers.
The guiding objective for good cattle fattening practice is that safe, quality meet should be
produced from healthy animals using management practices that are sustainable from an
animal welfare, social, economic and environmental perspective. To achieve this objective, the
proposed farm should apply good practice in the following areas:
 animal health;
 nutrition (feed and water); gets as briefly mentioned herein under:
6.3.1.1 Animal Breading

 Consider the farm’s structure & local situation when choosing cattle for fattening.
 The selection of cattle considers market requirements, feed availability, resistance to diseases and
environmental conditions.
6.3.1.2 Animal health

 Prevent the entry of diseases onto the farm.
 Have secure boundaries/fencing.
 Avoid direct contact of visitors with animals and take safety measures in precaution of spreading of diseases.
 Have bio security measures in place to minimize the risk of spread of disease within the farm and between other farms
(transport cattle only in cleaned and disinfected vehicles, dispose fallen stock properly and have a contingency plan
for an infectious disease outbreak etc). The Farm should try to source animals of known disease status and control
their introduction onto the farm.
 If possible, utilize disinfectant as a means of undertaking cleaning and disinfecting of boots/clothing, vehicles and
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facilities.
 Only use clean equipment from known source.
 Have an effective herd health/ disease health management programme in place.
 Use a recognized system that allows all animals to be identified individually from birth to death.
 Develop an effective herd health management program focused on prevention that meets the farm’s needs as well as
regional and national requirements.
 Regularly check animals for signs of disease.
 Sick animals with contagious diseases should be attended to, quickly and in an appropriate way. They should be isolated
when necessary.
 Keep written records of all treatments and identify treated animals appropriately.
 Manage animal diseases that can affect public health
 Use all chemicals and veterinary medicines as prescribed to prevent occurrence of chemical residues
In:-
 Use chemicals according to directions, calculate dosages carefully and observe withholding periods.
 Only use veterinary medicines as prescribed by veterinarians and observe withhold periods.
 Store chemicals and veterinary medicines securely, respect expiry date and dispose of them responsibly.
6.3.1.3 Animal feeding and water

 Feed and water all animals in sufficient quantity, and with products of suitable quality and safety
 Ensure that the nutritional needs of the animals are met.
 Ensure that good quality water supplies are provided, regularly checked and maintained.
 Use different equipment for handling chemicals and feedstuffs.
 Ensure chemicals are used appropriately on pastures and forage crops.
 Only use approved chemicals for treatment of animal feeds or components of animal feeds and observe withholding
periods for grazing. Separate feeds intended for different species.
 Control feed storage conditions.
 Feed storage areas must be constructed to protect as far as practical against entrance and harbouring of domestic
animals, wildlife and vermin.
 Efforts must be made to protect feedstuffs from soiling and contamination. In particular, evidence of faecal
contamination, or stale feed, at the point of presentation to dairy cattle is not acceptable.
 An appropriate vermin control program shall be provided for stored feed, and diary records of bait changing dates
may be used to confirm an individual farmer's vermin control policy.
 Ensure traceability of feedstuffs bought off the farm.
 All suppliers of animal feeds should have an approved quality assurance programme in place.
 Maintain records of all feed or feed ingredients received on the farm (specified bills or delivery notes on order).
6.3.1.4 Animal welfare & lodging

 Ensure that all animals are free from hunger, thirst and malnutrition.
 Provide sufficient feed (forage and/or fodder) and water every day.
 Provide sufficient space at the feeder and waters to avoid competition among animals.
 Protect animals from toxic plants and other harmful substances.
 Provide adequate water supplies of good quality that are regularly checked and maintained.
 Ensure that all animals are free from discomfort.
 Design and construct buildings to be free of obstructions and hazards.
 Provide adequate space allowances and dry bedding.
 Protect the animals from adverse weather conditions and the consequences of thereof.
 Provide housed animals with adequate ventilation.
 Ensure that the floors are not slippery.
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 Ensure that all animals are free from pain, injury and disease.
 Have an effective herd health management programme in place and inspect animals regularly.
 Follow appropriate calving and weaning practices.
 Have appropriate procedures for marketing calves.
 Ensure that all animals are free to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior.
 Have herd management and husbandry procedures that do not unnecessarily compromise social activity.
6.3.2 Impact on Air Quality
Estimates of GHG for the livestock sector are substantial when the different forms of emissions
throughout the livestock commodity chain are taken into account. GHG emissions arise from
feed production, eg. Chemical fertilizer production, deforestation for pasture and feed crops,
and soil organic matter losses in pastures, cultivation of feed crops and feed transport. On top
of this, transportation of farm products are also source environmental pollution arising from
fossil fuel use (resource depletion, climate change impacts linked mainly to CO2 emissions,
contributions to acidification and eutrophication linked mainly to NO emissions, effects on
low-level air quality arising from emissions of photochemical smog precursors – importantly
NO and volatile organic substances), animal dung also creates effluents that deteriorate air
quality
Mitigation Measures:
Emissions of particulate matters, pollutant gases shall be reduced to acceptable levels by
adopting the following measures:
Mitigation Measure
 Most importantly use low CO2 emissions vehicles while transporting milk products to the market
 Odours emanating from the dairy herd and of the effluent storage should be minimized.
 CO2 emissions can be limited by reducing deforestation, restoring carbon in cultivated soil, reversing soil
organic carbon losses from degraded pasture and sequestration through agro-forestry, improved
livestock diet and better manure management, careful nutrient management (feeding and waste
recycling)
 Biogas technology provides a means for redirecting emissions from manure management and increasing
farm profit (saving on energy use)
6.3.3 Impacts on Noise
Using generator as backup power supply in the proposed farm generates noise and vibration.
However, since the proposed farm is located far from residential areas, its impact is minimal.
Mitigation Measure
 Enclose machineries such as generator to reduce noise.

 Use safety measures such as the following at all times:
o Wear ear protectors in areas with high noise levels.
o Properly wear ear protectors according to the manufacturer's instructions.
o Do not reuse disposable ear plugs.
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o Clean ear protectors regularly.

6.3.4 Biodiversity
Livestock affects biodiversity in many direct and indirect ways. Livestock and wildlife interact in grazing
areas. Livestock impose pressures on open grasses land ecosystems in addition, animal diseases poses
new threats to wild lives. On top of this, crop area expansion and intensification for livestock feed
affects biodiversity negatively
However, the proposed dairy farm does not involve in the destruction of the biodiversity as it has been
used for farming for the last seven years. However, it should maintain or enhance biological diversity
on the farm.
Mitigation Measure
 Dairy farming practices should preserve and improve the habitat for animal and plant species as well as
biodiversity on and around the farm.
6.3.5 Solid Waste Disposal

By-products of crops waste are also source of solid wastes that need to be managed properly. Mitigation
Measures: Potential impacts coming from solid wastes will be minimized through the following
mitigation measures:
 Properly handle, and if possible recycle waste generated by the farm

 Ensure that animal and human wastes are stored and managed to minimize the risk of environmental pollution.
 Manage farm wastes properly and optimize their agronomic value (recycling etc).
 Ensure proper treatment of human and animal waste from dairy farm in order not to contaminate pasture or feed.
6.3.6 Impact on Ground and Surface Water Contamination

The livestock sector accounts for about 8% of global water use: the water used for product
processing, drinking and servicing. For example, a cow and calves use 25litter and 5 litter per
day respectively for drinking and washing daily. Water pollution usually occurs through the
release of animal manure into freshwater source. To prevent this, the following mitigation
measures will be implemented during operation phase of the project:
 Properly manage and optimize water use

 Proper use of water for the farm as well as careful and adequate use of inputs should be made to preserve
the volume and quality of water reserves and courses
 Properly manage the use of inputs and release of wastewater in surrounding water sources.
 Comply with industry standards and meet the requirements of national legislation regards to environmental
effects (e.g. knowledge of quantity of manure or effluents, correct storage and spreading).
 Manage pastures to avoid effluent runoff by spreading farm manures in accordance to local condition
 Maintain good soil fertility and prevent damage to the environment, soil erosion and pollution
 Fertilization should be adequate, taking into account soil resources, crop nutrient requirements, climatic
conditions and surface, groundwater and contamination risks. Use a nutrient budget to determine fertilizer
requirements.
 Adequate stocking rate in pasture should be sought.
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 Avoid standing animals in pastures when soils become water logged.

6.3.7 Materials Storage
The improper sitting and storage of agricultural inputs on the site are potential health hazards for
company workers and spilled chemicals would have the potential to contaminate soil and inhibit plant
growth in localized areas. The following mitigation measures shall be better used:-
 Storage facilities must be constructed of suitable materials, well ventilated, well lit and located where risks
to the environment or human health are minimized in case of fire, spillage, flooding or other emergencies.
 Separate storage from living quarters, food, feed, fertilizer, fuel and waste.
 Areas where pesticides are handled and stored are designed such that spillages can be contained and do not reach
the environment or pose a risk to human health.
 Pesticide contaminated equipment (e.g. sprayers, PPE, measuring equipment) is stored and handled as specified by
the manufacturer, separately from food, feed, living quarters and food preparation and consumption areas).
 A record kept of pesticides currently in the store.
 Fuels shall be stored safely and securely considering the following:
 Storage facilities are constructed of suitable materials and located where risks to the environment or human health
are minimized, in case of fire, spillage, flooding or other emergencies.
 Fuel must not be stored with pesticides and fertilizers.
6.3.8 Fire Accident
The possibility of fire accident is non-probable. However, the farm should take the necessary
precautionary measures since if occurs, it might be very disastrous.
Mitigation Measures:
 Sustainable maintenance for all machinery
 Oils and all other combustibles kept isolated
 Efficient fire alarm system introduced
 Awareness programs for the workers on usage of fire extinguisher.
6.3.9 Occupational Health and Safety Issues

Issue Consideration
The proposed Farm uses veterinary medicines in its designated farm. Hence it requires adopting
appropriate occupational health and safety measures. The promoter by all means take maximum care
in applying the internationally accepted standards and recognized occupational health and safety
guidelines.
Mitigation Measures: Some of the occupational health and safety issues include:-
 Regular training of the workers on the use of equipment and safety measure and procedures so as to limit
the possible accidents
 The promoter of the Farm shall contract with the nearest health service provider for taking care of injured
staff in case of accident
 The proposed Farm is also required to provide workers with protective clothing and equipment such as
Protective Uniform, Dust Masks, Helmets, Eye Goggles so as to protect the workers from any work related
risks
 The provision of first aid kits near the Farm site, and also inside vehicles is highly recommended.
 Personal Safety: the company should make sure, at all times that all employees
o Wear protective equipment.
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o Pay attention to personal hygiene.

o Report to supervisor immediately if anybody notice any unsafe condition
4.4 Evaluation and Analysis of the Project’s Impacts
In this section, the beneficial and/or negative impacts of the proposed project related activities
are evaluated and analyzed based on the following criteria:
i. Nature of Impact: This is an appraisal of the type of effect the proposed activity would
have on the affected environmental component. Its description should include what is
being affected and in what way.
a. Positive Impact: beneficial impact to the environment.
b. Negative Impact: when the impact brings some harmful effect to the environment.
ii. Duration: The lifetime of the impact; this is measured in the context of the life-time of the
proposed development.
a. Short term, the impact will either disappear with mitigation or will be mitigated through
natural process in a span shorter than the construction phase.
b. Medium term, the impact will last for the period of the construction phase, thereafter it will be
entirely negated.
c. Long term, the impact will continue or last for the entire operational of the development, but
will be mitigated by direct human action or by natural processes thereafter.
d. Permanent, the only class of impact which will be non-transitory. Mitigation either by man or
natural process will not occur in such a way or in such a time span that the impact can be
considered transient.
v. Determination of Significance: Significance is determined through a synthesis of impact
characteristics or combination of effects. Significance is an indication of the importance of the
impact in terms of physical extent, intensity and time scale, and therefore indicates the level of
mitigation required. The classes are rated as follows:
a. Negligible, the impact is not substantial and does not require any mitigatory action.
b. Low, the impact is of little importance, but may require limited mitigation.
c. Moderate, the impact is of importance and therefore considered to have mitigation. Mitigation
is required to reduce the negative impacts to acceptable levels or positive impacts maximized.
d. High, the impact is of great importance. Failure to mitigate, with the objective of reducing the
impact to acceptable levels, could render the entire development option or entire project
proposal unacceptable. Mitigation is therefore essential. Positive impacts should be enhanced
as a priority.
As result, the analysis of the overall impacts of the proposed project are presented in two
categories as beneficial and negative impacts as depicted in Table 6.1 and 6.2 respectively.
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Table 6.1: “Beneficial Impacts”

No Impact Impact Classification
Impact Type Significance Duration
1 Employment opportunities Positive Important Long Term
2 Income for materials/ equipment suppliers Positive Important Long Term
3 Gender Equity and Employment Opportunity Positive Important Temporary
4 Roadside Vending Positive Important Temporary
Table 6.2: “Negative Impacts”

No Impact Impact Classification
Impact Type Significance Duration
A Construction Phase
1 Loss of land use options Negative High Long Term
2 Loss of habitat and biodiversity Negative Middle Temporary
3 Soil Erosion Negative Middle Temporary
4 Nuisance Dusting Negative Weak Temporary
5 Noise Negative Weak Temporary
6 Earth Material Sourcing Negative Weak Temporary
7 Materials Transportation Negative Weak Temporary
8 Materials Storage Negative Weak Temporary
9 Construction Waste Disposal Negative Weak Temporary
10 Sewage and Litter Management Negative Weak Temporary
B Operation Phase Impacts
1 Animal Breading Negative Middle Long Term
2 Animal health Negative Middle Long Term
3 Animal feeding and water Negative Middle Long Term
4 Animal welfare & lodging Negative Middle Long Term
5 Impact on Air Quality Negative Middle Long Term
6 Impacts on Noise Negative Weak Temporary
7 Biodiversity Negative Weak Temporary
8 Solid Waste management Negative Middle Temporary
9 Ground and Surface Water Contamination Negative Middle Temporary
10 Materials Storage Negative Middle Permanent
11 Fire Accident Negative Weak Temporary
12 Occupational Health and Safety Issues Negative Middle Permanent
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7. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMP)
7.1 General
This ESMP seeks to manage and keep to a minimum the negative impacts of the proposed
project and at the same time, enhance the positive and beneficial impacts. Therefore, this
section describes modalities provided in the project for the implementation of the proposed
mitigation measures to its potential negative impacts. It comprises the following:
 Main environmental and social impacts expected to arise due to the project features or
activities,
 Key avoidance, mitigation, offset or compensation measures for each potential impact,
 Recommended timing for implementation of the mitigation measures,
 Organizations/ parties responsible for implementation of the mitigation measures,
 Organizations/ parties responsible for monitoring of the proper implementation of the
mitigation actions, and
 Where necessary or possible, cost estimate of the mitigation and monitoring activities.
7.2 Institutional Arrangement and Responsibilities

All employees have a responsibility for the effective and ongoing management of
environmental impacts of the proposed project. The following positions have specific duties
and responsibilities as specified herein under:-
7.2.1 Cattle fattening-As A Proponent
The proponent will be responsible for implementing appropriate mitigation measures for most
of the negative impacts associated with the project works. Among other things the company is
responsible for:
 The implementation the EMP.

 Ensure compliance with the EMP at all times during the operation of the project
 Maintain an environmental register which keeps a record of all incidents which occur on the
site during operation. These incidents include:
 Public involvement / complaints
 Health and safety incidents
 Incidents involving hazardous materials stored on site
 Non-compliance incidents
7.2.2 Site Manager Appointed by Proponent

The Site Manager is responsible for the overall management of the project and EMP
implementation. The following tasks will fall within his/her responsibilities:
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 Ensuring site personnel have undertaken appropriate environmental awareness training and are
observing all necessary management requirement
 Be familiar with the recommendations and mitigation measures of this EMP
 Conduct internal audits of the project against the EMP
 Ensure all required environmental auditing is undertaken
7.2.3 Environmental Unit

The proponent will also should appoint one of its staff member as Environmental Inspector (EI)
who is going to be responsible for the implementation of the EMP working closely with the site
Manager in order to ensure that the operation works are according to the environmental
protection measures. It is recommended that the EI shall conduct monitoring of the EMP and
compile the monitoring results concerning environmental mitigation and management
activities thereby submit to West shawa Zone EPAFCCA and Jibat Woreda EPFCCO every six
month. The monitoring report may comprise the following issues, but not limited to:
 Results or status on implementation of the environmental management actions by the

Proponent in a specific period against the approved Environmental Management Plan of this
document,
 A description of any environmental accident or developments which could potentially develop
into a non-conformance event by the Proponent,
 A description of exceptional conditions on site whether they are associated to weather
condition, personnel related, machinery related, or otherwise stipulated,
 Minutes of meetings, if any, with stakeholders on any outstanding issues related to the
operation of the project
 Proposed solutions for any outstanding/unforeseen issues/impacts detected during the
monitoring.
7.2.4 Regulatory Body

The licensing authority in this case “West shawa Zone-Environmental Protection, Forest and
Climate Change Authority (AZ-EPFCCA)” and its line sector Jibat Woreda (DW-EPFCCA) are
responsible to conduct external monitoring program for the duration of the operation phase of
the project. This program will include:
 Quarterly and/or yearly environmental inspections to confirm compliance with the EMP and
EIA License conditions.
 Compilation of an inspection report with corrective actions for implementation;
This external monitoring will be carried out by representative experts using the monitoring
checklist Table 7.3 below.
During the operation phase, the institutions or bodies assigned for monitoring should report
the results to the proponent for any corrective actions as per the monitoring requirements
together with proposed solutions for any outstanding issues.
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7.3 Implementation of the EMP

The management of the identified impact mitigation plan for the proposed project is described
as follow:- (Table 7.1 also presents the overall summary of EMP)
7.3.1 Ecology
Impacts on terrestrial ecosystem due to the operation of plant occur mainly from air
emissions. Air pollutants can interfere with the biotic and abiotic components of the
ecosystem and may include injurious effects when concentrations exceed permissible
standards.
Since the proposed project activities will be carried out on barren land, there will be no
adverse impact on the ecological environment of the study area.
7.3.2 Have an appropriate waste management system

 Implement practices to reduce, reuse or recycle farm waste as appropriate Implement
practices to reduce waste. Re-using and/or recycling are also good dairy farming practices.
Many farms can reduce their water and energy consumption by properly maintaining
equipment and infrastructure, or implementing minor changes to their work routines.
 Manage the storage and disposal of wastes to minimize environmental impacts. Waste storage
areas such as manure heaps, slurry stores and farm dumps, should be sited appropriately,
considering the local amenity with regard to sight and smell, and the risk to the environment
from pollution and vermin. Regularly inspect permanent slurry stores and manure heaps for
signs of leaks and impending structural failure to minimize the risk of runoff polluting the
environment. Ensure other wastes such as animal dung, dead livestock, plastic silage wrap,
farm chemicals are disposed of appropriately to prevent pollution of the environment and any
potential disease issues. Potential breeding sites for flies and other disease carrying vermin
should be eliminated.
 Develop a simple waste management plan to identify when, where and at what rate to spread
manures, slurry and other organic wastes to minimize the risk of causing pollution. Waste
management plans should give due consideration to:
 compliance with local regulations;
 avoiding possible pollution of watercourses, such as surface/underground water from applying
wastes to shallow soils;
 avoiding potential pollution of habitat areas such as woodlands, protected or recognized flora or
fauna zones;
 ensuring that adequate buffer zones (non-spread areas) are maintained near vulnerable or
sensitive areas such as water sources, habitat areas and the like;
 All organic manure wastes – including slurries – should be spread or incorporated into soil when
there is minimal risk to the environment.
 Ensure the proposed farming practices do not have an adverse impact on the local
environment
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 Contain cattle dung runoff on-farm. The proposed farm should adopt systems that avoid the
potential for the contamination of the local environment. Storage facilities for oil, silage liquor,
soiled water and other polluting substances must be located in a safe place and precautions must
be taken to ensure that accidents do not result in the pollution of local water supplies. Avoid
disposing of agricultural or veterinary chemicals where there is potential for them to enter the local
environment.
 Ensure the overall appearance of the the farm’s operation is appropriate for a facility in which
high-quality food is harvested
 To limit the potentially adverse impact of the farm on the landscape and to provide a positive
image of its production, the proposed farm should ensure that access roads to its farm and the
farm surroundings are clean, sheds are correctly maintained and that access roads used by animals
are free of effluent.
7.3.3 Noise Management

Base line data indicates that noise levels in the ambient air environment are within the
prescribed norms. Noise generated from operations at the project site is not expected to
impact on local communities due to the distances between the operations area and areas of
habitation. However, the plant will provide adequate noise control measures such as mufflers,
silencers at the air inlet/outlet, anti-vibration pad for equipment with high vibration etc. In the
areas where noise levels will be higher, earplugs and earmuffs will be provided to all the
workers.
7.3.4 Land and Soil Management

The impact of air, water and solid waste pollutes soil and causes direct/indirect effect on soil.
As all necessary air pollution control steps have been provided and based on the results of the
dispersion model for the ground level concentrations of various pollutants after the
commissioning of the proposed project, there will not be any adverse impact of air pollution
on soil.
Industrial effluent will be treated in the proposed adequate treatment plant and treated
effluent will be evaporated to achieve zero discharge. Therefore, no impact on soil
environment is anticipated.
All necessary control steps will be provided for handling, storage and safe disposal of
solid/hazardous waste, which will be generated from the proposed project. Thus, there will
not be any significant impact of solid waste on the soil environment.
7.3.5 Occupational Health and Safety management plan

To prevent any spillage, accident and impacts of human health appropriate safety measure will
be deployed while handling the hazardous material:
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Occupational control measures for no health hazard to the worker and to keep the risk of
accidents to a minimum from operational activities.
7.3.6 Management of Environmental Incidents, Complaints and Non-Conformance
While all due care is taken with project activities, there will still be potential for unforeseen
incidents which could detrimentally affect the receiving environment. The effective
management of incidents and emergencies is achieved through a combination of proactive
and reactive measures. The Purpose of this is:
 To ensure that appropriate procedures are in place to allow a timely response to incidents;
 To ensure that any incident does not represent a threat to the proposed dairy farm employees, the wider
community or the environment;
 To ensure the safe movement of all personnel involved in any incidents;
 To minimize environmental damages; and
 To minimize damages to company’s assets or corporates reputation
Proactive Measures involves:-
 Implementation and maintenance of appropriate control measures
 Provision of suitable equipment to facilitate an appropriate response to an incident or emergency; and
 Training of personnel working in the proposed farm concerning the importance of maintaining control
measures and in the use of emergency response equipment.
Reactive Measure involves:-
Putting into all relevant response measures at the time of the incident. They also include a post-
incident review of the effectiveness of the response measures and revisions as required.
Generalized Response Procedure to incidents and emergencies
Responses to environment incidents and emergencies should observe the following order of
priority
i. Protection of human life

ii. Protection of the environment
iii. Protection of company assets
The basic course of action to be taken in the event of an environmental incidence/emergency
is as follow:
 Stop all work in the affected area (provided it can be done safely);
 Check personnel safety
 Clear the area and secure
 Implement all the necessary control measures to contain the incident;
 Notify directly impacted external stakeholder if applicable
 As soon as practicable and safe to do so, commence cleanup the activities
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Notify the company Manager immediately so as soon as practicable for major incidents and within 24 hours
for other incidents.
7.3.8 Workforce Awareness

Work force awareness and culture is an important component in minimizing environmental and social
impacts resulting from project operations. Company personnel will be made aware of its Environmental
Policy.
An environmental awareness induction plan will be implemented to ensure that all company workers
are aware of their environmental responsibilities. The awareness program focuses on:
 Familiarity with all legislation and guidelines relevant to the services being provided
 Familiarity with EMP
 Emergence response preparedness
 Waste management/minimization practices
 Dangerous good handling practices (where applicable) and
 Other environmental awareness training as relevant to the project site
7.4 Consultation of Key Stakeholders, interrelated and Affected Parties by the project
7.4.1 Basis of Consultation

According to the FDRE Constitution, Article 92, “People have the right to full consultation and
expression of their views in the planning and implementation of environmental policies and
projects that affect them directly. Accordingly, in the project site, consultation with the Project
Affected People/PAP/ has been conducted at the proposed site in order to obtain their
relevant feedback on various aspects of the project activities.
7.4.2 The objectives of Public Consultation

 To disseminate information on the project and its expected impact, long-term as well as short-
term, among the targeted stakeholders,
 To gather information on relevant issues so that the feedback received could be used to
address these issues at an early stage of the project,
 To determine the extent of the negative impacts of project activities and suggest appropriate
mitigation measures.
7.4.3 Approach and Methodology

The method adopted for stakeholder and community consultations is open discussions with
the relevant local communities at the proposed plant. As a result, local communities attended
the consultation meeting held on March 9,2022.
7.4.4 Topic
The topics discussed in the consultations were:
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 Environmental issues during construction and operation of the project

 Employment and livelihoods of communities.
 Company responsibility for employment, etc
7.4.5 Community Feedback
The views of the communities have bene presented as follow: -
i. People were in favor of the project.

 People focused on early execution of the project as it shall create job opportunities.
 People need priority to be given for local employment
7.4.6 Outcome of the Consultation

The outcomes of the consultation are precisely briefed as Below
 There should be employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled people, preference should
be given to the local communities.
 Investors need to begin their operation as soon as they secured the land.
 Overall the project is good for the surrounding villagers in specific and the country in general.
 No serious concerns with the project because this project will increase the employment and
improve the lifestyle of local communities.
Fig 7.1: “Picture of Public Consultation”
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Table 7.1: “Environmental Management Plan”

No Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementation Time Frame Responsibility
Description Indicators
A Construction Phase Implementation Monitoring
1 Loss of land use Not available N/A Site Clearing The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
options DW- EPFCCA
2 Loss of biodiversity Planting trees and grasses to replace lost trees No of trees planted Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Bare land covered with grasses DW- EPFCCA
3 Soil Erosion Backfilling in excavated areas No soil erosion observed Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
DW- EPFCCA
4 Nuisance Dusting Competing and biogas’s technology installation No odour arises from animal dung Construction Period The Proponent
5 Noise Keeping noise level of excavation machineries to acceptable Nose kept to its acceptable level Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
level DW- EPFCCA
6 Earth Material Outsourcing construction materials from recognized sources Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Sourcing DW- EPFCCA
7 Materials Materials transported with covered trucks No spoilage of the main road due to Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Transportation materials transportation DW- EPFCCA
8 Materials Storage Safe material storage facility installed No wastage of construction materials Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
DW- EPFCCA
9 Construction Collection, segregation and disposal of construction wastes Construction waste is managed well Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Waste Disposal in safe place DW- EPFCCA
10 Sewage and Litter Toilet and litter management facility being installed Generated sewage and litter Construction Period The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Management Appropriate managed DW- EPFCCA
B Operation Phase
1 Animal Breading Selecting locally right breed Breed with local condition selected The Proponent
2 Animal health Controlling disease No harmful disease observed Project Entire life The Proponent
3 Animal feeding Install its water source from shallow land Self-sustained water supply Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
and water DW- EPFCCA
4 Air Quality Odours as a result of animal dung Composting and biogas’s technology Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
deployed TW- EPFCCA
5 Noise Keep noise level within acceptable level Noise level within acceptable level Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Wear ear protective Protective equipment deployed DW- EPFCCA
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6 Biodiversity Eliminate overgrazing and deforestation Biodiversity is well preserved Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
DW- EPFCCA
7 solid waste Segregation and use of the bio product for recycling or use Recycled bio-product in to other Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
it as energy source product DW- EPFCCA
To take the solid waste in the appropriate dumping site Energy source generated due to sell
of animal dung
Volume of waste disposed of
appropriately
8 surface and Installing waste water and effluent treatment plant No waste water and effluents Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
ground water released DW- EPFCCA
9 Materials Storage Hazardous materials are stored in separate closed place Zero harm caused to people Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
& handling such as fertilizer, pesticides etc DW- EPFCCA
10 Fire Accident Efficient fire alarm system introduced No fire incident Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Awareness programs for the workers DW- EPFCCA
11 Occupational Regular training of the workers Safe and healthy work force Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
Health and Safety contract with the nearest health service provider DW- EPFCCA
Issues protective clothing and equipment
Provision of first aid kits near the plant sites,.
12 Monitoring of the EMP by AZ-EPFCCA and DW- EPFCCA and annual compliance audit Project Entire life The Proponent AZ-EPFCCA
DW- EPFCCA
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7.4 Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring will be required both during the construction and operation phases
of the project to ensure the proper implementation of the EIA recommendations as well as to
detect any unforeseen environmental issues. Environmental monitoring will help to detect the
scale and extent of impacts caused by the project over time and to assess whether mitigation
actions have been properly and timely implemented and are working as expected.
Monitoring of environmental parameters will identify potential problems from the proposed
project activities and will allow for prompt implementation of effective corrective measures.
The main issues or components to be covered in the environmental monitoring program

include but not limited to the following;
 Quality of water, air and noise levels will be measures against set standard
 Solid and liquid waste management systems such as solid waste handling and disposal facilities,
waste water treatment facilities, sanitation facilities, health facilities are observed
 Storage and transportation mechanisms of hazardous materials like storage handling practices,
condition of storage facilities of bonding agents like glue, fuel, lubricant and spillage conditions
are taken into account
 Workers safety like provision and use of appropriate personnel safety equipment and
appropriate trainings
Page 63
The proposed environmental monitoring plan (EMP) is provided in Table 7.2 below.
Table 7.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan”

No Parameter to be Source of Impact Monitoring Method Timing Responsible institution
monitored
1 Local manpower  Construction work  Contractor’s report Monthly
absorption  Operation work  No. of people working in
the project
2 Air quality  Transportation of construction  Survey & observations; Monthly/ Proponent,
materials Levels of SPM, RSPM, Quarterly environmentalist,
 Transportation of milk-energy SO2 and NO regulatory body
consumption-emission  Particulate Matter 10
3 Noise Levels Noise levels compliance with respect  Ambient Equivalent Monthly/ regulatory body
to industrial standards Sound Pressure Levels Quarterly
(Leq) at day and Night
time
4 Public health Dust, Noise, Influx of labors  Annual medical checkups Annual regulatory body
Qualities of dairy products  Quality of dairy products
supplied
 Records of generation, handling,  Tracking of waste
storage, transportation and collection, segregation
disposal of cleared bushes, and disposal.
animal dung  Biogas development
 Composting
 Waste treatment plant
 Records of generation of used  Tracking of waste  Proponent,
Solid & liquid
5 drums, bags and records of their collection, segregation Annually environmentalist,
wastes
dispatch to dump sites and disposal.  regulatory body
 Records of generation of animal  Tracking of waste

dung and their treatment collection, segregation
and disposal.
 Biogas technology
 Composting technology
6 Water quality Surface & Ground water quality Surveys, sample collection & Annually  Proponent,
within the Project Area field measurement; environmentalist,
health office,
 regulatory body
7 Hazardous  Storage facilities for veterinary field measurement; Yearly  regulatory body
Material storage medicines
facilities  spillage conditions
8 Fire accident  Operational works  Fire extinguisher Yearly  Proponent,
 Training of staffs environmentalist,
health office,
 regulatory
9 Occupational Working with operational  Assess incidences data Yearly  Proponent,
Health facilities and its status environmentalist,
 Medical checkup records health office,
 First aid PPE Training  regulatory body
Page 64
7.5 Environmental Mitigation, Management and Monitoring Costs

The environmental mitigation, monitoring and capacity building costs are estimated to be
229,000.00 Birr. This budget is expected to be used to implement the proposed mitigation
measure.
Table 7.3:“Yearly Environmental Mitigation, Monitoring Costs”

No Item Unit Qty Unit Cost Total Amount
1 Recruiting Environmental & safety officer No 1 3000.00 36,000.00
2 Recruiting Veterinarian No 1 3000.00 36,000.00
3 Compost Preparation Spot No 10,000.0 10,000.0
4 Installing waste treatment technology 1 80,000.00 80,000.00
3
6 *Constructing 20m reservoir/water tanker/ No 1 30,000.00 30,000.00
8 Constructing cloth washing basin with hollow block and concrete for the No 1 5,000.00 5,000.00
dairy farm community (20 users at a time) (1m width x 5m length X 0.5m
height)
9 Planting indigenous trees at the edge of the farm in partnership with the # trees 1,00 5.00 50,00.00
woreda agriculture and natural resource office 0
10 Supplying PPE like dust masks to casual workers No 50 100.00 5,000.00
12 Collecting and dumping solid waste on weekly basis in places prepared No 48 500.00 24,000.00
for composting sites
13 Environmental monitoring costs once per year Allowance for three task No 3 1000.00 3,000.00
force members coming from zonal Envt. Protection office
Total 229,000.00
Page 65
8. Conclusions and Recommendations
8.1 Conclusion
This report provides a description of the proposed project and details the aspects associated
with the construction and operation. The report also includes the methodology followed to
undertake the Environmental Assessment process. A detailed description of the existing
environment (biophysical as well as socio-economic) is provided based on findings from the
field surveys and existing information. Stakeholder engagement was undertaken from the onset
of the project in a transparent and comprehensive manner. Based on the environmental
description, specialist surveys as well as stakeholder engagement, a detailed impact assessment
has been undertaken, and, where relevant, the necessary management measures have been
recommended.
In summary, the Environmental assessment process assessed both biophysical and

socioeconomic environments and identified appropriate management and mitigation
measures. The biophysical impact assessment revealed that there are no environmental fatal
flaws and no significant negative impacts associated with the proposed project should
mitigation and management measures be implemented. In addition, it should be noted that the
socio-economic impacts associated with the project are positive but need to be enhanced to
benefit the majority of the community where the proposed project is located.
Based on the findings of this Environmental Assessment Study, the proposed feedlot activities
can be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the EMP.
8.2 Recommendation
It is hereby recommended that the proponent take all the necessary steps to implement all the
recommendations of the EMP for the successful implementation and completion of the
proposed fattening project located in the Kutaye Munyo area of Jibat Woreda. Recommended
actions to be implemented by the proponent as part of the management of the likely impacts
through implementation of the EMP are as follows:
o Recruit an Environmental Coordinator suitable in-house resources person to lead and further
develop, implement and promote environmental culture through awareness-raising of the
workforce in the field during the whole duration of the proposed project period;
o Provide all other necessary support, human and financial resources, for the implementation of
the proposed mitigations and effective environmental management during the planned
implementation of the project activities;
o Develop a simplified environmental induction and awareness program for all the workforce;
Page 66
9. Reference
 Proc. No. 9/1995, Proclamation to Provide for the Establishment of the Environmental
Protection Authority, Federal Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1st
Year No.9 Addis Ababa-24th August, 1995.
 Proc. No. 295/2002, Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation, Federal
Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 9th Year No.7 Addis Ababa-3rd
October, 2002
 Proc. No. 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation, Federal Negarit Gazeta Of
the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 9thYear No. 11 Addis Ababa 3rd December, 2002
 Proc. No. 300/2002 , Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation , Federal Negarit Gazeta Of
the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 9thYear No. 12 Addis Ababa3rd December,2002
 Proc. No. 655/2009 , Bio-safety Proclamation , Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1stYear No. 63 Addis Ababa 9th September,2009
 Reg. No. 159/2008 , Prevention of Industrial Pollution Council of Ministers Regulation , Federal
Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 15thYear No. 14 Addis Ababa
7th January,2009
 Proc. No. 661/2009 , Food, Medicine, Health Care Administration and Control Proclamation,
Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 16thYear No. 9 Addis
Ababa 13th January, 2010
 Proc. No. 377/2003, Labor Proclamation, Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia, 10thYear No.12 Addis Ababa 26th F1ebruary 2004
 Proc. No. 575-2008,Ethiopian Wildlife Development and Conservation Authority Establishment
,Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 14th Year No 31. Addis
Ababa 22nd May, 2008,
 No.513 /2007, Solid Waste Management Proclamation, Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,13th Year No 13, Addis Ababa, 12th Feb 2007
 Council of Ministers Regulation No. 115/2005, Ethiopian Water Resources Management
Regulations, Federal Negarit Gazeta Of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 1th Year No.
27 Addis Ababa 29th March, 20
Page 67
Annex 1: Proponents land Acquisition Documents
Page 68
Page 69
Page 70
Annex 2: Minutes of Community Consultation
Page 71
Annex 3: Consulting Firm-Business and Professional License
Page 72
Page 73

ESIA of Kebeda Ejeta Cattle Fattening

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Cattle Fattening Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Report

Environmental and Social Impact

CONSULTAT: Bright star management and environmental consultancy plc

+251-922 1562 48 Page 1

I. List of Tables and Figures .................................................................................................................... 5

+251-922 1562 48 Page 2

4.4.1. Livestock .............................................................................................................................................. 32

+251-922 1562 48 Page 3

6.3.8 Fire Accident ........................................................................................................................................... 51

+251-922 1562 48 Page 4

I. List of Tables and Figures

5.1: “Picture of the current site Condition” ..................................................... 39

+251-922 1562 48 Page 5

II. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

BOD Biochemical oxygen demand

+251-922 1562 48 Page 6

III. Executive Summary

KEBEDA EJETACattle Fattening is a company under incorporation by Oromia Regional

+251-922 1562 48 Page 7

 Designing the operation and preparation of plans and recommendations regarding

+251-922 1562 48 Page 8

+251-922 1562 48 Page 9

1.2 Objectives of the ESIA Study

 Solid wastes, its disposals and management practices

 To establish environmental management practices and standards meeting statutory

+251-922 1562 48 Page 10

1.4 Report Structure

+251-922 1562 48 Page 11

+251-922 1562 48 Page 12

2.2 Valued Ecosystems within the Study Areas to be Impacted

3. Administrative, Legal and Policy Requirements

3.1. Policy Framework

In a section that deals with the right to development (Article 43):

+251-922 1562 48 Page 13

+251-922 1562 48 Page 14

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) policies are included in the cross-sectoral

3.1.3 Land Policy & Tenure

+251-922 1562 48 Page 15

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3.1.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation 299/2002

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 Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources

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3.1.6 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control

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3.1.7 Ethiopian Water Resource Management and Public Health Proclamation

3.1.8 National Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation No.456/2005

+251-922 1562 48 Page 20

3.2 Regulatory or Administrative Framework

3.2.1.1 Business law

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3.2.1.2 Land law

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3.2.1.3 Water Law

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3.3.1 Environmental Protection Organs

The Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation (Proclamation № 295/2002)

3.3.2 Environmental Protection Authority

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