IB MATHS

Question Bank
FUNCTIONS
∗ Domain and Range
∗ Composite Functions
∗ Inverse Functions
∗ Quadratic Functions
∗ Rational Functions
∗ Modulus Functions
∗ Logarithmic and Exponential Function
∗ Transformation of Graphs

Book No: 407 – B

 DOMAIN AND RANGE

3x − 4
1. The function f is defined as f (x) = , x ≠ –2.
x+2

(a) Find an expression for f −1(x).

(b) Write down the domain of f −1.

(Total 6 marks)

2. The functions f (x) and g (x) are given by f (x) = x – 2 and g (x) = x2 + x. The
function (f ° g)(x) is defined for x ∈ ℝ, except for the interval ] a, b [.

(a) Calculate the value of a and of b.

(b) Find the range of f ° g.

(Total 6 marks)

8𝑥𝑥−4
3. Find the largest set of values of 𝑥𝑥 such that the function 𝑓𝑓 given by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥−3 takes
real values.
(Total 6 marks)
4. Functions 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
2𝑥𝑥−2
𝑓𝑓 ∶ 𝑥𝑥 ↦ 𝑥𝑥−2
, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 < 1

𝑔𝑔 ∶ 𝑥𝑥 ↦ √2 − 𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 1
a) Given that 𝑓𝑓 has an inverse, show that the composite 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) exists. Find
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) and state its domain. [5]
b)With reference to the graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), find the value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 such that
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) [3]
(Total 8 marks)
5. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined as:
2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0
1
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥+3 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −3

a) Find ℎ(𝑥𝑥) where ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) [2]

b) State the domain of ℎ−1 (𝑥𝑥). [2]
c) Find ℎ−1 (𝑥𝑥). [4]
(Total 8 marks)
6. Consider the functions given below
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3
1
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0

a) i) Find (𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔)𝑥𝑥 and write down the domain of the function

ii) Find (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)𝑥𝑥 and write down the domain of the function [2]
b) Find the coordinates of the points where the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and the graph of
𝑦𝑦 = (𝑔𝑔−1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜)𝑥𝑥. [4]
(Total 6 marks)
7. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ
1
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 , for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0.

a) Determine the range of the composite function 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔. [3]

b) Determine the inverse of the function 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔, clearly stating the domain. [4]
(Total 7 marks)
8. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �𝑥𝑥−3� , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 3,

𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = ln 𝑥𝑥 , , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 > 0.
a) Explain why the composite function 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 exists and find 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔. [3]
b) Explain why 𝑓𝑓 does not have an inverse. [1]
c) If the domain of 𝑓𝑓 is further restricted to 𝑥𝑥 < 𝑘𝑘, state the minimum value of 𝑘𝑘 such
that 𝑓𝑓 −1 will exist. Hence find 𝑓𝑓 −1 in a similar form. [4]
d) State the geometrical relationship between 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑓𝑓 −1 . [1]
(Total 9 marks)
 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

x
1. If f ( x) = , for x ≠ –1 and g (x) = (f ° f )(x), find
x +1

(a) g (x)

(b) (g ° g)(2).

(Total 3 marks)

2. Given functions f : x  x + 1 and g : x  x3, find the function (f ° g)–l.

(Total 3 marks)

4
3. Let f (x) = , x ≠ − 2 and g (x) = x − 1.
x+2

If h = g ◦ f, find

(a) h (x);
[2]

(b) h−1 (x), where h−1 is the inverse of h.

[4]
(Total 6 marks)

x +1
4. Let f and g be two functions. Given that (f ◦ g) (x) = and g (x) = 2x – 1, find
2
f (x – 3).
(Total 6 marks)

5. The function f is defined by f : x  x3.

Find an expression for g (x) in terms of x in each of the following cases

(a) (f ° g ) (x) = x + 1;

(b) (g ° f ) (x) = x + 1.

(Total 6 marks)
6. Shown below are the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x).

If (f ° g)(x) = 3, find all possible values of x.

(Total 4 marks)

7. The function 𝑓𝑓 is defined by

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = |𝑥𝑥| − 𝑘𝑘, −2𝑘𝑘 < 𝑥𝑥 < 2𝑘𝑘 where 𝑘𝑘 > 2
The diagram shows the graph of the function, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥), where −2 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2. The graph
crosses the x-axis at 𝑥𝑥 = −2, 𝑥𝑥 = −2, 𝑥𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2, and has turning points at (−1.5, −1),
(0,4) and (1.5, −1).

a) Explain why the composite function 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) exist. [2]

b) Find in terms of 𝑘𝑘,
i) the value of 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(−1). [1]
ii)the range of 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. [2]
c) Given that 𝑘𝑘 = 3, sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), stating the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points. [2]
(Total 7 marks)
 INVERSE FUNCTION

𝑥𝑥 2 −1
1. The function 𝑓𝑓 is defined for 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 0 by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 +1

Find an expression for 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)

(Total 6 marks)
2. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 + 2
a) Calculate 𝑓𝑓 −1 (3) × 𝑔𝑔−1 (3).
b) Show that (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)−1 (3) = ln 3 − 2
(Total 6 marks)
3. The function 𝑓𝑓 is defined for 𝑥𝑥 > 2 by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ln 𝑥𝑥 + ln(𝑥𝑥 − 2) − ln(𝑥𝑥 2 − 4).
𝑥𝑥
a) Express 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) in the form ln 𝑥𝑥+𝑎𝑎.

b) Find an expression for 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥).

(Total 6 marks)
1
4. A function is defined by ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. Find an expression for ℎ−1 (𝑥𝑥).

(Total 6 marks)
5. Functions 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (4 + 2𝑥𝑥)2 , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 16
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 + 1, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ
a) State the range of 𝑓𝑓 [1]
b) With the aid of a diagram, show that 𝑓𝑓 −1 exists and define 𝑓𝑓 −1 in a similar form [4]
c) On the same diagram as in part b), sketch the graphs of 𝑓𝑓 −1 and (𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜)𝑥𝑥
indicating their endpoints. [3]
d) Explain why the 𝑥𝑥-coordinate of the point(s) of intersection between the graphs in
part (c) satisfies the equation 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0. [1]
e) State whether the composite function 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) exists, justifying your answer [2]
(Total 11 marks)
 3𝑥𝑥
6. Consider the function 𝑔𝑔, where 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 5+𝑥𝑥 2

a) Given that the domain of 𝑔𝑔 is 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 𝑎𝑎, find the least value of 𝑎𝑎 such that 𝑔𝑔 has an
inverse function. [1]
b) On the same set of axes, sketch
i) the graph of 𝑔𝑔 for this value of 𝑎𝑎
ii) the corresponding inverse, 𝑔𝑔−1 [4]
c) Find an expression for 𝑔𝑔−1 (𝑥𝑥). [3]
(Total 8 marks)

7. A function is defined as 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑘𝑘√𝑥𝑥, with 𝑘𝑘 > 0 and 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0.

a) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘√𝑥𝑥. [1]

b) Show that 𝑓𝑓 is a one-one function. [1]
c) Find the inverse function, 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) and state its domain. [3]
d) If the graphs of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) intersects at the point (4,4) find the
value of 𝑘𝑘. [2]
(Total 7 marks)
8. The function 𝑓𝑓 is given by
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = ln(𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 3) , 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2.

a) Give a reason why 𝑓𝑓 does not have an inverse. [1]

b) The function 𝑓𝑓 has an inverse if the domain is restricted to the domain 𝑥𝑥 < 𝑘𝑘,
where 𝑘𝑘 is a constant. State the largest value of 𝑘𝑘. [1]
c) Find 𝑓𝑓 −1 and state its domain. [2]
The function 𝑓𝑓 is defined with the domain in (b) and the function 𝑔𝑔 is defined by
1
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 +1 , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0.

d) Only one of the composite functions 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) exists. Give a definition
of the composite that exists (including the domain) and explain why the other
composite function does not work. [3]
(Total 7 marks)
9. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3 ln(𝑥𝑥 2 + 1) , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2,
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 1, 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0.
a) Find 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), stating the domain of 𝑓𝑓 −1 . [3]
b) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) on a single diagram. Hence state the
number of solutions to 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥). [4]
(Total 7 marks)
10. The function 𝑓𝑓 is defined by
𝑓𝑓 ∶ 𝑥𝑥 ⟼ 𝑥𝑥 2 + 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 9𝑎𝑎2 , 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 > −5𝑎𝑎
Where 𝑎𝑎 is a real constant.
a) Express 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) in the form (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑃𝑃)2 + 𝑄𝑄, where 𝑃𝑃 and 𝑄𝑄 are constants to be
determined in terms of 𝑎𝑎. [1]
b) i) Find the set of values satisfied by 𝑎𝑎 given that 𝑓𝑓 −1 exists. [2]
ii) Given that 𝑎𝑎 = −1, give a definition for 𝑓𝑓 −1 . [3]
1
It is given that 𝑎𝑎 = 2

c) Explain why 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) exists. [2]

d) Write down the range of 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. [1]
(Total 9 marks)
 QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

1. The function f is defined by f (x) = x2 − 2x + k (3k + 2) where k ∈ . Find the set of

values of k for which f (x) = 0 has two distinct real roots.

(Total 6 marks)

2. The equation kx2 – 3x + (k + 2) = 0 has two distinct real roots. Find the set of
possible values of k.

(Total 3 marks)

3. Consider the equation (1 + 2k)x2 – 10x + k – 2 = 0, k ∈ . Find the set of values of k

for which the equation has real roots.
(Total 6 marks)

4. The quadratic function Q is defined by Q(x) = kx2 − (k − 3) x + (k − 8), k ∈ .

Determine the values of k for which Q (x) = 0 has no real roots.
(Total 6 marks)

5. Given f (x) = x2 + x(2 – k) + k2, find the range of values of k for which f (x) > 0 for
all real values of x.

(Total 4 marks)

6. Find the range of values of m such that for all x

m(x + 1) ≤ x2.

(Total 6 marks)

7. A circle has equation x2 + (y – 2)2 = 1. The line with equation y = kx, where k ∈ ,
is a tangent to the circle. Find all possible values of k.

(Total 6 marks)

8. The roots α and β of the quadratic equation

x2 – kx + (k + l) = 0

are such that α2 + β2 = 13. Find the possible values of the real number k.

(Total 4 marks)
9. (a) The function f is defined by f (x) = (x + 2)2 − 3.
The function g is defined by g (x) = ax + b, where a and b are constants.

Find the value of a, a > 0 and the corresponding value of b, such that

3
f (g (x)) = 4x2 + 6x – .
4
[8]

(b) The functions h and k are defined by h (x) = 5x + 2 and k (x) = cx2 − x + 2
respectively. Find the value of c such that h (k (x)) = 0 has equal roots.
[5]
(Total 13 marks)

10. The diagram below shows a solid with volume V, obtained from a cube with edge
1
a > 1 when a smaller cube with edge is removed.
a

diagram not to scale

1
Let x = a − .
a

(a) Find V in terms of x.

[4]

(b) Hence or otherwise, show that the only value of a for which V = 4x is
1+ 5
a= .
2
[4]
(Total 8 marks)
 RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏+3
1. The curve C has equation 𝑦𝑦 = 2−𝑥𝑥
, where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are constants. One of its
asymptotes is 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 3.
a) Find the values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏. [2]
b) Sketch C, indicating clearly the asymptotes and axial intercepts. [3]
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏+3
c) Hence find the range of values of 𝑘𝑘 such that the equation 2−𝑥𝑥
= 𝑘𝑘(2 − 𝑥𝑥)-1
has no real roots. [2]
(Total 7 marks)

𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝−𝑞𝑞
2. The curve C has the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥+𝑟𝑟

It is given that C has a vertical asymptote at 𝑥𝑥 = −3 and intersects the 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 at 𝑥𝑥 =

−2 and 𝑥𝑥 = 1.
a) Find the values of 𝑝𝑝, 𝑞𝑞 and 𝑟𝑟. [3]
b) State the equation of other asymptotes. [1]
c) Prove, using an algebraic method, that 𝑦𝑦 cannot lie between two values which are
to be determined. [2]
d) Hence, sketch C, labelling clearly the axial intercepts, asymptotes and the
coordinates of any turning points. [3]
e) Deduce the number of roots of the equation 3𝑥𝑥 4 + 3𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0 [2]
(Total 11 marks)
𝑥𝑥 2 −4𝑐𝑐 2
3. It is given that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = , where 𝑐𝑐 is a positive constant.
𝑥𝑥+𝑐𝑐

a) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), giving the equations of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes. [3]
b) Hence state the set of values of 𝑘𝑘 for which the equation 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐) has
two distinct negative root. [3]
(Total 6 marks)
4+𝑥𝑥
4. The curve C has an equation 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−2.

a) Find its domain and range. [2]

b) Sketch the curve of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) [2]
1
c) Find the values of 𝑥𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 . [2]
 1
d) Hence find the set of values of 𝑥𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) < 2 [2]
1
e) Solve 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) < 2 [2]

(Total 10 marks)

3
5. Solve the inequality 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4 + 𝑥𝑥 < 0 [4]

(Total 4 marks)
6. The function 𝑓𝑓 and 𝑔𝑔 are defined by
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥+1

Find the values of 𝑥𝑥 for which (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)(𝑥𝑥) ≤ (𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔)(𝑥𝑥).

(Total 6 marks)
𝑥𝑥+4 𝑥𝑥−2
7. Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥+1 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −1 and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−4 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 4

Find the set of values of 𝑥𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≤ 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)

(Total 6 marks)
4−𝑥𝑥 2
8. Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4−
√𝑥𝑥

a) State the largest possible domain for 𝑓𝑓 [2]

b) Solve the inequality 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≥ 1 [4]
(Total 6 marks)
 MODULUS FUNCTIONS

1. For which values of the real number 𝑥𝑥 is |𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘| = |𝑥𝑥| + 𝑘𝑘, where 𝑘𝑘 is a positive real
number?
(Total 4 marks)
2𝑥𝑥−3
2. A function 𝑓𝑓 defined by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−1
, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 1

a) Find an expression for 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) [3]

b) Solve the equation |𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)| = 1 + 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) [3]
(Total 6 marks)
3. Find the set of values of 𝑥𝑥 for which |2𝑥𝑥 + 3| = |𝑥𝑥| + 6.
(Total 4 marks)
4. Solve the inequality |𝑥𝑥 − 2| ≥ |2𝑥𝑥 + 1|
(Total 4 marks)
5. Find the values of 𝑥𝑥 for which |5 − 3𝑥𝑥| ≤ |𝑥𝑥 + 1|.
(Total 4 marks)
6. Solve the inequality
𝑥𝑥+9
�𝑥𝑥−9� ≤ 2

(Total 6 marks)
7. Find the set of values of 𝑥𝑥 for which |𝑥𝑥 − 1| > |2𝑥𝑥 − 1|
(Total 4 marks)
2𝑥𝑥
8. Find all the values of 𝑥𝑥 that satisfy the inequality |𝑥𝑥−1| < 1

(Total 5 marks)
 LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

1. Solve 2 (ln x)2 = 3ln x −1 for x. Give your answers in exact form.
(Total 6 marks)

2. Solve, for x, the equation log2 (5x2 – x – 2) = 2 + 2 log2 x.

(Total 3 marks)

3. Solve ln ( x + 3) = 1. Give your answers in exact form.

(Total 6 marks)
p
q
4. Solve the equation 9 log5 x = 25 logx 5, expressing your answers in the form 5 ,
where p, q∈ .
(Total 6 marks)
15
5. Find ∑a
n =1
2
n where an = ln xn.

(Total 6 marks)

6. The solution of 22x+3 = 2x+1 + 3 can be expressed in the form a + log2 b where
a, b∈ . Find the value of a and of b.
(Total 6 marks)

7. (a) Solve the equation 2(4x) + 4−x = 3.

(3)

(b) (i) Solve the equation ax = e2x+1 where a > 0, giving your answer for x
in terms of a.

(ii) For what value of a does the equation have no solution?

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
|2 log3 𝑥𝑥|
8. Let 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙5 . Find the product of the zeros of g.
(Total 5 marks)

9. Write ln (x2 – 1) – 2 ln(x + 1) + ln(x2 + x) as a single logarithm, in its simplest

form.
(Total 5 marks)
10. Solve the equation 4x–1 = 2x + 8.
(Total 5 marks)

11. Solve the equations

x
ln =1
y
ln x3 + ln y2 = 5.
(Total 5 marks)
12. (a) Find the solution of the equation

ln 24x–1 = ln 8x+5 + log2161–2x,

expressing your answer in terms of ln 2.

(4)

(b) Using this value of x, find the value of a for which logax = 2, giving your
answer to three decimal places.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
 TRANSFORMATION OF GRAPHS

1. The diagram below shows the graph of y1 = f (x). The x-axis is a tangent to f (x) at x = m
and f (x) crosses the x-axis at x = n.
y
y1 = f(x)

m x
0 n

On the same diagram sketch the graph of y2 = f (x – k), where 0 < k < n – m and indicate the
coordinates of the points of intersection of y2 with the x-axis.
(Total 4 marks)
2. The graph of the function f (x) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 1 is translated to its image, g (x), by the
1
vector � �. Write g (x) in the form g (x) =𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑.
−1
(Total 6 marks)
2
3. The graph of y = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 + 7 is translated using the vector � �. Find the equation of
−1
the translated graph, giving your answer in the form y =𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐.
(Total 6 marks)
𝑘𝑘
4. Let f (x) = 𝑥𝑥−𝑘𝑘 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝑘, 𝑘𝑘 > 0

(a) On the diagram below, sketch the graph of f. Label clearly any points of
intersection with the axes, and any asymptotes.
y

x
k
 1
(b) On the diagram below, sketch the graph of 𝑓𝑓 . Label clearly any points of
intersection with the axes.
y

x
k

(Total 6 marks)
5. The diagrams below show the graph of y = f (x) which passes through the points A, B, C
and D.
Sketch, indicating clearly the images of A, B, C and D, the graphs of
(a) y = f (x − 4);

[2]
 (b) y = f (− 3x).

[4]
(Total 6 marks)
6. The diagram shows a sketch of part of the graph of f (x) =𝑥𝑥 2 and a sketch of part of the
graph of g (x) = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 − 13
y

y=f(x)

y=g(x)

(a) Write down the coordinates of the maximum point of y = g (x).

The graph of y = g (x) can be obtained from the graph of y = f (x) by first reflecting the graph
of y = f (x), then translating the graph of y = f (x).
(b) Describe fully each of these transformations, which together map the graph of
y = f (x) onto the graph of y = g (x).
(Total 3 marks)
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
7. The graph of y = cos x is transformed into the graph of y = 8 − 2 cos 6
.

Find a sequence of simple geometric transformations that does this.

(Total 6 marks)
8. Each of the diagrams below shows the graph of a function f. Sketch on the given axes the
graph of
(a) |𝑓𝑓(−𝑥𝑥)|
y

1
(b) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
y

(Total 6 marks)
9. (a) Express the quadratic 3x2 – 6x + 5 in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b, c ∈ ℤ.
[2]
(b) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of y =𝑥𝑥 2 to the
graph of y = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 5. [3]
(Total 5 marks)
10. The real root of the equation 𝑥𝑥 3 – x + 4 = 0 is –1.796 to three decimal places.
Determine the real root for each of the following.
(a) (𝑥𝑥 − 1)3 − (𝑥𝑥 − 1) + 4 = 0 [2]
(b) 8𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0 [3]
(Total 5 marks)
11. The quadratic function f(x) =𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 − 𝑥𝑥 2 has a maximum value of 5 when x = 3.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q. (4)
(b) The graph of f(x) is translated 3 units in the positive direction parallel to the x-axis.
Determine the equation of the new graph. [2]
(Total 6 marks)
12. (a) The graph of y = ln(x) is transformed into the graph of y = ln(2x + 1).
Describe two transformations that are required to do this. [2]
(b) Solve ln(2x + 1) > 3 cos (x), x ∈ [0, 10]. [4]
(Total 6 marks)
13. a) The quadratic function 𝑦𝑦 = (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐶𝐶)𝑥𝑥 2 + (3𝐵𝐵 − 2)𝑥𝑥 + 1, where 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐶𝐶 are
real numbers, is obtained by transforming the function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 through
the following sequence of transformations:
Step 1: Translation of 5 units in the negative 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 direction
1
Step 2: Scaling parallel to the 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 with scale factor 2

Show that 4𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 = 0 [3]

b) The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥). The graph has a maximum point
1
with coordinates (−1 , 2) and (4,4) respectively. It intersects the 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 at
(−0.5, 0) and (−1.5, 0), intersects the 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 at (0, −1) and has asymptotes 𝑥𝑥 = 2
1
and 𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑥𝑥 + 1.
 Sketch the graphs of the following functions, showing clearly the axial intercepts,
coordinates of turning points and the equation of the asymptotes, if applicable.
i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥| − 1) [3]
1
ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) [3]

(Total 6 marks)

14. The diagram shows the graph of y = f(x). The graph has a horizontal asymptote at
y = 2.

1
(a) Sketch the graph of y = .
f ( x)
[3]

(b) Sketch the graph of y = x. f(x).

[3]
(Total 6 marks)
 a+x
15. The graph of y = is drawn below.
b + cx

(a) Find the value of a, the value of b and the value of c. [4]

(b) Using the values of a, b and c found in part (a), sketch the graph of

b + cx
y= on the axes below, showing clearly all intercepts and
a+x
asymptotes.

[4]
(Total 8 marks)
16. a) The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥). The graph has a maximum point
at (0,5), a minimum point at (1,4) and cuts the 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 at (−1,0).

1
Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) [3]

1
b) State the sequence of transformations which transform the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 to the
2𝑥𝑥+7
graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥+5 . [3]
2𝑥𝑥+7
c) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥+5 , giving the equation of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any points of intersection with the x and y axes. [3]
(Total 9 marks)
17. a) The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥). It passes through the origin 𝑂𝑂
and 𝑃𝑃(3,0) and has asymptotes 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦 = −2.

1
Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) , indicating clearly any asymptote(s) and axial
intercept(s). [3]
 1
b) The graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥+3 is transformed by a reflection in the 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, followed by a
translation of 1 units in the negative 𝑥𝑥-direction, followed by a stretch with scale
factor 2 parallel to the x-axis.
i) Find the equation of the new graph in the form 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) [3]
ii)Hence, or otherwise, sketch the new graph with any axial intercept(s) and
asymptote(s) indicated clearly. [2]
(Total 8 marks)
18. The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) with asymptotes 𝑦𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥𝑥 = 0. The
curve has turning points at (−2,2) and (4,-1).

On separate diagrams, sketch the graph of

1
a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) [3]

b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) [2]
(Total 5 marks)