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    Lecture 11 - Resistance and Resistivity

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    Mary Grace Sunio

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    Lecture 11 - Resistance and Resistivity

    Uploaded by

    Mary Grace Sunio
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    Original Title

    LECTURE 11 - RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY

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    5 views11 pages

    Lecture 11 - Resistance and Resistivity

    Uploaded by

    Mary Grace Sunio

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    RESISTANCE

    AND
    RESISTIVITY
    RESISTANCE
     A measure of the opposition to current
    flow in an electrical circuit.
     Its unit of measure is Ohms written in the
    Greek letter Omega  (Ω)
     Ohms are named after the scientist
    named Georg Simon Ohm. He also
    formulated the famous Ohm’s Law.
    RESISTANCE OF A MATERIAL
    BY OHM’S LAW
     The amount of current flowing in a
    conductor is directly proportional to the
    voltage applied to the element and
    inversely proportional to the resistance of
    the element.
    RESISTANCE OF A MATERIAL
    BY OHM’S LAW
     Mathematically Ohm’s Law is written as:
    𝑉
    𝐼=
    𝑅
    Where:
    I  Current (measured in Amperes [A])
    V  Voltage ( measure in Volts [V])
    R  Resistance (measured in Ohms [Ω])
    INNATE RESISTANCE OF A
    MATERIAL
     A internal or innate resistance of a material
    depends on three factors:
    ◦ Resistivity (ρ) of the material  the property that
    describes the extent to which the material opposes
    the flow of electric current through it.
    ◦ Length of the material
    ◦ Cross – Sectional Area of the material
    INNATE RESISTANCE OF A
    MATERIAL
     Mathematically the resistance of the material
    𝐿
    𝑅= 𝜌
    𝐴
    Where:
    R  Resistance (measured in Ohms [Ω])
    ρ  Resistivity (measured in Ohm meter [Ω-m])
    L  Length (measured in meters [m])
    A  Cross-sectional Area (measured in meter squared [m2]
    CONDUCTIVITY
     It can be defined as a measure of electrical
    conduction, and it shows the ability of a
    material to pass a current.
     Simplified definition of such property is
    just that it acts as the inverse of resistivity.
    CONDUCTIVITY
     Mathematically:
    1
    𝜎=
    𝜌
    Common resistivity(ρ) values from common
    materials:
    Material Value
    Silver (Ag) 1.59x10-8 Ω-m
    Copper (Cu) 1.68x10-8 Ω-m
    Iron (Fe) 9.71x10-8 Ω-m
    TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
    RESISTANCE
     The material length may change due to
    temperature change thus changing the
    resistance of the material
     At higher temperatures, a conductor will
    increase its resistance.
     At lower temperatures, a insulator will increase
    its resistance.
    TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
    RESISTANCE
     Mathematically written as:
    𝑅𝑓 = 𝑅𝑜 [1 + 𝛼∆𝑇]
    Where:
    Rf  Final Resistance (measured in Ohms[Ω])
    Ro  Original Resistance (measured in Ohms[Ω])
    α  Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (measured in per
    Celsius[/°C])
    ∆T  Change in Temperature (measure in Celsius[°C])
    TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
    RESISTANCE
    Common temperature coefficient(α) values from common
    materials:

    Material Value
    Silver (Ag) 3.819x10-3
    Copper (Cu) 4.041x10-3
    Iron (Fe) 5.671x10-3
    Gold (Au) 3.715 x10-3

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