Name & Section: __________________________ Date: _____________

Activity #3: Formula and Functions

In Excel, a formula is an expression that performs calculations or operations on data in your spreadsheet. Formulas can be simple,
such as adding two numbers together, or complex, involving multiple operations and functions. A formula in Excel always begins with
an equal sign (=), followed by the elements to be calculated, which can include numbers, cell references, operators, and functions.

Learning Objective:
At the end of this activity the students will learn to apply various Excel formulas to analyze and summarize data in an expense report.

I. Instruction:
1. Open the Excel workbook under the filename “subject code _ lastname”
2. Create a worksheet titled “Expense Report”.
3. Enter the data with appropriate column heading
4. Create a summary table to analyze the expense report
5. Use formula and functions to complete the table below

Answer Formula or Function

Average Expense:

Total Food Expense:

Highest Expense:

Lowest Expense:

Count of Food Expense:

Date of Highest Expense:

Key terms related to formulas and functions in Excel include:

 Formula: An expression that performs calculations or operations on data in a worksheet. Formulas always start with an
equal sign (=), followed by the elements to be calculated.
 Operator: Symbols that specify the type of calculation you want to perform. Common operators include:
 Arithmetic Operators: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), ^ (exponentiation)
 Comparison Operators: = (equal to), <> (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or
equal to), <= (less than or equal to)
 Text Concatenation Operator: & (joins text strings together)
 Reference Operators: : (range operator, e.g., A1), , (union operator), and (intersection operator)
 Cell Reference: The address of a cell used in a formula, which tells Excel where to find the data. Cell references can be:
 Relative Reference: Adjusts when the formula is copied to another cell (e.g., A1).
 Absolute Reference: Remains constant when the formula is copied, indicated by $ signs (e.g., $A$1
 Mixed Reference: Combination of relative and absolute references (e.g., $A1 or A$1).
 Range: A group of cells referred to in a formula (e.g., A1).
 Array Formula: A formula that can perform multiple calculations on one or more sets of values and returns either a
single result or multiple results.
 Function: A predefined formula that simplifies complex calculations. Functions consist of a function name followed by
arguments in parentheses.
 Function Name: The name of the specific function you want to use (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, VLOOKUP)
 Arguments: The values or cell references inside the parentheses that the function uses to perform operations (e.g., =SUM
(A1:A5)).
 Nested Function: A function used as an argument within another function (e.g., =IF (A1>10, SUM (B1:B5), 0)).
 Logical Function: Functions that perform logical operations, often used in decision-making formulas (e.g.,
IF, AND, OR).
 Lookup Function: Functions that search for a value in a range or table and return a corresponding value
(e.g., VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH).
 Text Function: Functions that manipulate text strings (e.g., CONCATENATE, LEFT, RIGHT, MID, TRIM).
 Date and Time Function: Functions that perform operations on dates and times (e.g., TODAY, NOW,
DATE, TIME, DATEDIF).
 Math and Trig Function: Functions that perform mathematical calculations (e.g., SUM, ROUND, MOD,
POWER, ABS).
 Error Function: Functions that help identify and handle errors in formulas (e.g., IFERROR, ISERROR, and
ERROR.TYPE).
 Formula Bar: The area above the worksheet where you can enter or edit a formula or function
 AutoComplete: A feature that helps quickly complete a function name or cell reference when typing a formula
 AutoSum: A shortcut function that quickly adds up a range of cells.
 Function Library: A collection of all Excel functions, typically organized by category (e.g., Financial, Logical, Text).
 Circular Reference: An error that occurs when a formula refers back to its own cell either directly or indirectly
Name & Section: __________________________ Date: _____________

Activity #2: Data Entry

Data entry in Excel refers to the process of inputting information or data into the cells of an Excel spreadsheet. This data can include
text, numbers, dates, formulas, and other types of information that are organized in rows and columns. Data entry is the foundational
step in creating and managing spreadsheets, as the accuracy and completeness of the entered data directly affect the outcomes of any
calculations, analysis, or reporting done in Excel.

Learning Objective:
At the end of the activity the students will be able to create an inventory management sheet using data entry, columns, rows and other
features of MS Excel to create an inventory management sheet.

I. Instruction:
1. Open a new Excel workbook save it under the filename “subject code _ lastname”
2. Create a worksheet titled “Inventory Management”.
3. Enter the column headers as described below
4. Fill in the data for 95 products or items

II. Column Headers and Descriptions:

1. Item ID: A unique identifier for each product (e.g., Item001, Item002, etc.).
2. Item Name: The name of the product or item.
3. Category: The category or type of the product (e.g., Electronics, Furniture, Office Supplies, etc.).
4. Quantity in Stock: The current stock level for each item.
5. Reorder Level: The minimum quantity at which the item should be reordered.
6. Status: Automatically updates to show "Reorder" if the quantity in stock is below the reorder level. Use the following
formula:
7. Supplier Name: The name of the supplier for the product
8. Purchase Price: The cost price per unit of the item
9. Selling Price: The selling price per unit of the item.
10. Last Restock Date: The date when the item was last restocked

Here is your keyword for this activity!!

 Cell: The basic unit in Excel where data is entered, identified by the intersection of a row and a column (e.g.,
A1, B2).
 Row: A horizontal line of cells, numbered on the left side of the sheet (e.g., Row 1, Row 2).
 Column: A vertical line of cells, labeled with letters at the top of the sheet (e.g., Column A, Column B).
 Cell Reference: The unique identifier for a cell, combining the column letter and row number (e.g., B3).
 Data Types: The types of data that can be entered into cells, including:
1. Text: Any alphanumeric characters.
2. Numbers: Numeric values used for calculations.
3. Date/Time: Entries that represent dates or times.
4. Formulas: Expressions that perform calculations based on other cell values.
 Formula: An expression that calculates the value of a cell based on the values of other cells (e.g., =A1+B1).
 Function: A predefined formula in Excel that simplifies complex calculations (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, IF).
 Range: A selection of two or more cells, often used in formulas and functions (e.g., A1).
 Workbook: The entire Excel file containing one or more worksheets.
 Worksheet: A single spreadsheet within a workbook, where data entry and analysis occur.
 Data Validation: A feature that restricts the type of data that can be entered into a cell, helping to prevent
errors.
 Drop-down List: A data entry tool that allows users to select a value from a predefined list.
 AutoFill: A feature that automatically fills cells with data based on the pattern of existing data (e.g., copying
a formula down a column).
 Freeze Panes: A feature that keeps specific rows or columns visible while scrolling through the rest of the
worksheet.
 Filter: A tool that allows users to view only specific rows in a worksheet that meet certain criteria.
 Sort: A function that organizes data in a specified order, either ascending or descending.
 PivotTable: A tool for summarizing and analyzing large datasets, allowing dynamic data manipulation.
 Conditional Formatting: A feature that changes the appearance of cells based on their values, making
patterns and trends more visible
System unit
The System Unit
The system unit is
a case that contains
electronic
components of the
computer used to
process data.
Bays
A bay is an opening inside the
system unit in which you can
install additional equipment.

Power supply is the

component of the system
unit that converts the wall
outlet AC power into DC
power.
Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates
with a system unit so that the peripheral can send data to or receive
information from the computer
A connector joins a cable
to a port. A connector at
one end of a cable attaches
to a port on the system
unit, and a connector at
the other end of the cable
attaches to a port on the
peripheral.
Connectors
USB
Universal Serial Bus is a connection or interface that allows the
computer to communicate with system peripherals such as
keyboard, mouse, printer as well other devices like digital
cameras and portal fans

FireWire
It is a type of connector that can transmit data to and from
devices which have typical high data rates, such as external hard
drives. The transfer speed of a FireWire is faster than that of a
USB

Ethernet Cable
An Ethernet cable transmit signals between a computer and
network devices such as a router, switch or other computer
HDMI
High-definition Multimedia Interface is a connector for
transmitting audio/video data which are compatible to
computers, projectors and digital television

VGA
The 15-pin Video Graphics Array connector has been provided on
many video cards, computer monitors, laptop computers and
projectors

Serial
An RS-232 serial connection was once a standard feature ofa
personal computer used for connections to modem, printer,
mouse and other peripheral devices.

Parallel
Similar to the serial connection, parallel connections were used
before to connect other computer peripherals such as printer. It
has been replaced since then by the USB connections.
PS/2
The PS/2 is a 6-pin connector used to connect the mouse and the keyboard to a
computer. It is color coded to identify which peripheral will be connected to which
port. Purple is for keyboard and green is for the mouse

Audio Jacks
The audio jacks are the 3.5 mm jacks used for microphones and speakers. It uses
color codes as well to indicate the type of input and output lines.
Pink: Mic in
Blue: Line in
Green: Fronts speakers out
Black: Rears speakers out
Orange: Center/subwoofer out
Gray: Middle speakers out
Discussion
Briefly discuss the following topic
• What are the components inside the system unit?
• What are ports and give five examples of it
• What are the components outside the system unit?
Name & Section: __________________________ Date: _____________

Activity #1: User Interface Exploration

The Excel user interface refers to the layout and components that make up the Excel application window, enabling users to interact
with the software and perform tasks such as data entry, formatting, analysis, and more. The interface is designed to be user-friendly
and includes various elements that provide access to Excel’s features and functions.

Learning Objective:
At the end of the activity the students will be able to navigate and utilize the key components of the MS Excel interface, including the
ribbon, tabs, toolbars, and worksheet area, to perform basic document creation and formatting tasks efficiently.

I. Label the parts of MS Excel interface. Write your answer beside the number.

II. Using your windows Screen Tips identify the name of the following icon and its function. Write your answer in to complete the
table below
Icon Name Description

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
Name & Section: __________________________ Date: _____________

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

III. Identify the command sequence for the following spreadsheet task. Your answer should follow the following format: Tab →
Group→ Specific Command. Write your answer in the space provided.
Task Command Sequence

1. To freeze the portion of the sheet to keep it visible while ___________________________________________

scrolling ___________________________________________
2. To divide the window into different panes ___________________________________________
3. To see where the page break will appear in a document ___________________________________________
4. To split a single column of text into a multiple columns ___________________________________________
5. To pick from a list of rules to limit the type of data that can be ___________________________________________
entered in a cell ___________________________________________
6. To insert an icon to visually communicate using symbols ___________________________________________
7. To easily arrange and summarize complex data in a pivot table ___________________________________________
8. To add symbols that are not in the keyboard ___________________________________________
9. To work with a formula in the current cell ___________________________________________
10. To add a logical function in your worksheet ___________________________________________
11. To create, edit, delete and find all the names used in the ___________________________________________
workbook ___________________________________________
12. To add a math or trigonometry function to a worksheet ___________________________________________
13. To show more decimal values for a more precise value
14. To easily spot trends and patterns in the data using bars and
columns, using bars, colors and icons
15. To combine and center the contents of the selected cell in a
new larger cell

Here is your keyword for this activity!!

 Workbook- A file containing one or more worksheets, typically saved with the .xlsx extension
 Worksheet - single spreadsheet within a workbook where you can enter and manipulate data
 Cell - The basic unit of a worksheet where data is entered. Each cell is identified by a unique cell reference (e.g.,
A1, B2), based on its column and row position
 Cell Reference - The combination of a column letter and row number that identifies a specific cell (e.g., A1, B2).
 Range - A selection of two or more cells. Ranges can be adjacent
 Column - A vertical series of cells in a worksheet, identified by letters (A, B, C, etc.)
 Row - A horizontal series of cells in a worksheet, identified by numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.).
 Formula - An expression entered into a cell that performs calculations or other actions on data in the worksheet.
Formulas always start with an equal sign (=), followed by the expression (e.g., =A1+B1).
 Function - A predefined formula that simplifies complex calculations. Examples include SUM(), AVERAGE(),
VLOOKUP(), and IF().
 Ribbon - The toolbar at the top of Excel’s interface that contains tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas,
Data, and more, each with a group of related commands.
 Formula Bar - The area above the worksheet where you can enter or edit data and formulas. It displays the
content of the active cell.
 Name Box - displays the cell reference or name of the active cell or selected range.
 AutoFill - feature that automatically fills cells with a series or pattern based on the content of selected cells
 Fill Handle - A small square at the bottom-right corner of the active cell that can be dragged to fill adjacent cells
with data or formulas.
Input Devices
Learning objectives
• Define input
• Identify the common computer inputs and peripherals
• List down the characteristic of keyboard
• Summarizes how the various pointing devices works
• Discuss various scanners and reading devices and how they work
Input
• Input is any data and instruction entered into the memory of the
computer
• An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter
data and instruction from the user to the computer.
Computer Keyboard
Keyboard - keypad device with buttons or keys that a user presses to enter data characters and
commands into a computer
The most common English-language key pattern for keyboards is called QWERTY
Pointing Devices
A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen

Mouse – A pointing device that fits Trackball – an upside- Touchpad – a small, flat,
under the palm of your hand down mechanical rectangular pointing device that
comfortably. mouse where you roll is sensitive to pressure and
the ball directly with motion.
your hand
Pointing Stick – a pressure-sensitive pointing Touch Screen and Touch Sensitive Pads – a touch-sensitive
device shaped like a pencil eraser that is display device. Users can interact with these devices by
positioned between keys on a keyboard. touching areas of the screen

Light Pen – a handheld input device that can

Pen Input – mobile users often enter data and
detect the presence of light
instructions with a pen-type device.
 Digitizer– An image whether a drawing or a photo- can be
Audio input is the process of entering any sound into
scanned by a digitizer which converts the image into
the computer such as speech, music, and sound
digital data that the computer can accept and represent
effects.
on the screen.

Voice Input – the process of

entering input by speaking into a
microphone.
Video Input
The process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer’s storage medium such as hard
disk or DVD

Digital Video (DV) Camera. PC Video Camera – a type of digital video camera that enables
Captures and records video a home or small business user to capture video and still images,
digital signals. Most DV cameras send email messages with video attachments, add live images
can capture still frames, as well to instant messages, broadcast live images over the Internet,
as motion and make video telephone calls.
Web Cam – any video camera that displays Video Conferencing – A video conference is a meeting
its output on a web page between two or more geographically separated people who
use a network or the internet to transmit audio and video
data
Source Data Automation – the use of special equipment to
collect data at the source, as a by-product of the activity that
generates the data, and sends it directly to the computer

Scanner – converts text, drawing or picture into a computer.

Optical recognition system use a light beam to scan input data
and convert it to electrical signals, which are sent to the
Handheld scanner
computer for processing

Flatbed scanner
Sheet-fed scanner
Drum scanner
OPTICAL READERS
An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into
digital data that a computer can process.

Optical Mark Recognition(OMR) – a RFID Reader – Radio frequency

technology that reads hand-drawn identification is a technology
marks such as small circles or that uses radio signals to
rectangles. communicate with a tag
containing a memory chip and an
antenna placed in or attached to
an object, animal or person.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) – OCR

devices uses a light source to read special
characters and convert them to electrical
signals to be sent to the central processing
unit.
Magnetic Stripe Card Reader. Often called
magstripe reader, reads the magnetic
stripe on the back of credit cards, bank
cards, and other similar cards.

Bar Code Reader – Also called a

bar code scanner, a photoelectric
device that reads the code by
means of reflected light.

Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition

– MICR involves a machine to read
characters made up of magnetized
particles.
Digital Cameras allows users to take Biometric Input
pictures and store the photographed
image digitally
Biometrics is the technology of authenticating a person’s
identify by verifying a person’s characteristics. A biometric
identifier physiological or behavioral characteristics, examples
are fingerprints, hand geometry, facial features, voice,
signatures and eye pattern. Biometric devices vary from
different recognition systems used today.

Fingerprint scanner
Face Recognition System Voice Verification System

Iris Recognition System

Hand Geometry System Signature Verification System

Discussion
Answer the following question
• Which biometric system do you think the most practical to use, why?
• Does voice verification system and related technology reliable? Why
or why not?
• What is the advantage and disadvantage of video conferencing?
End
Thank you!!!
Output devices
Learning objectives
• describe the four categories of output
• explain the relationship of graphic chips and monitors
• differentiate between a non-impact printer and an impact print
• recognize the terminologies used in identifying computer monitor
specifications
Output
-data that has been processed into a useful form

Categories of output

graphics text audio video

Output device
- are hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computer's CPU to the
computer user
Display Devices
• Flat Panel Displays

Televisions and HDTVs

LCD Monitors and Screens

Plasma monitors

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

Monitors
LED LCD
LED has a better response time than LCD LCD is slower than LED in terms of response time.
LED consumes more power in comparison to LCD Whereas it consumes less power in comparison to LED.
LED delivers good picture quality in comparison to the LCD LCD also delivers good picture quality but less than LED.
display
LED is costlier than LCD While it is less costly than LED.
LED has a better black level and contrast in comparison to While it has not good black level and contrast as LED.
LCD
LED delivers better color accuracy in comparison to the While it also delivers good color accuracy, we can notice
LCD. the difference if we compare these two.
LED has a wider viewing angle than the LCD. While in LCD, the wide-angle decreases with 30 degrees
from the center in the image then the contrast ratio.
LED TVs can be up to 90 inches and they are much similar LCD Screen size comes in the range of 13-57 inches.
to LCD TVs.
LEDs use no mercury and are therefore environmentally LCDs require mercury for their products causing harm to
friendly the environment.

LED uses gallium arsenide phosphide. LCD uses liquid crystals and glass electrodes.
A computer display screen used for graphics is divided into dots which can be illuminated individually on the screen called
pixel. The resolution of the screen-its clarity is directly related to the number of pixels on the screen

Color Screen Standard Display Resolution

CGA(color graphics adapter) 320 X 200 pixels
EGA(enhanced graphics adapter) 640 X 350 pixels
VGA(video graphics adapter) 640 X 480 pixels
SVGA(super VGA) 800 X 600 pixels or 1024 X 768 pixels
HD (high definition720p) 1280×720 (921k)
XGA ( extended graphics array) 1024×768 (786k)
640×480 (307k), 1056×400
WXGA (wide screen extended graphics 1366×768 (1,049k)[2],
array) 1360×768 (1,044k),
1280×800 (1,024k)
HD+ (high definition 900p) 1600×900 (1,440k
FHD(Full high definition 1080p) 1920×1080 (2,073k)
UHD (ultra high definition 4K) 3840×2160 (8,294k)
Data Projectors – a device that takes the text and Rear projection screens - used in higher lighting
images displaying on a computer screen and project conditions since the projector is behind the screen
them on a larges screen so an audience can see the usually in a small room or large closet along with
image clearly. any other associated equipment.

SMART Boards are Interactive whiteboards. SMART

Boards get hooked up to a computer and the
computer saves the information written on the
board.
Printers An output device that produces text and Non-Impact Printer – places an image on a page
graphics on a physical medium such as paper or without physically touching the page, which prints by
transparency film. means of photographic, heat, laser, or ink spray
Impact Printers – uses some sort of physical contact
with the paper to produce an image, by physically
striking the paper, ribbon, and hammer or tiny wire
pins together

Inkjet Printers
Photo Printers

Line Printers. Laser Printer

 Thermal Printer. Generates images by Plotters and large format printer. Sophisticated printers
pushing electrically heated pins against heat used to produce high quality drawings such as blue-
sensitive paper. prints, maps, and circuit diagrams

Mobile Printers. Small, lightweight, battery powered

printer that allows a mobile user to print from a
notebook computer, Tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone
while traveling
An audio device is a component of a computer that Multifunction Peripheral. A single device that look
produces music, speech, or other sounds, such as beeps. like a copy machine but provides the functionality
Two commonly used audio devices are speakers and of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a
headsets fax machine.

Fax Machine and Fax Modems. A fax machine is a device

that codes and encodes document so they can be
transmitted over telephone lines.
Discussion
Discuss the following topic
• What are the difference between LCD monitors, LCD screens, Plasma
monitors and HDTVs?
• What are softcopy outputs?
• Imagine that you are buying a personal computer. What output
device would you choose and why?
End
Thank you!!!