NAME ………………………………….………… ADM NO ….…… CLASS ……...

SCHOOL………………………………………SIGNATURE…….…. DATE…….…

CHEMISTRY
THEORY
2 HOURS

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name and admission in the spaces provided.
 Sign and write the date the examination is done.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
 ALL workings MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
 This paper contains 12 printed pages.
 Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed
as indicated and that no question is missing.
 Candidates should answer questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum score Candidates score
1-23 80

Chemistry 233/1 Page 1 of 13

1. Students are advised to use a non- luminous flame when heating during laboratory
experiments.
a). Why is the non-luminous flame preferred? (1 mark)

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b). How does a Bunsen Burner produce a non-luminous flame? (1 mark)

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2. The chromatogram below shows the constituents of a flower extract. Study it and answer the
questions that follow

red
yellow

X
a) Explain why there is a difference in positions of red and yellow pigments. (2 marks)

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b) What do lines X and Y represent? (2 marks)

X ……………………………………………………………………
Y ……………………………………………………………………
3. Draw a well labelled diagram of a set-up that be used to determine the melting point of
naphthalene. (3 marks)

Chemistry 233/1 Page 2 of 13

4. Explain giving reasons why:
a) Sulphuric acid is not used with marble chips (calcium carbonate) in the preparation of
carbon (IV) oxide. (2 marks)
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b) Water cannot be used to extinguish oil fire. (1mark)
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5. (a) Name a set of reagents that can be used to prepare oxygen gas. (1 mark)

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(b) What property of oxygen makes it possible for it to be collected over water? (1 mark)

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(c) State two uses of oxygen (2 mark)

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6. Describe how a solid sample of calcium sulphate can be prepared using the following
reagents; dilute nitric (v)acid, dilute sulphuric (vi) acid and solid calcium carbonate
(3
marks)
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Chemistry 233/1 Page 3 of 13

7. The set – up below was used to study some properties of air.

State and explain two observations that would be made at the end of the experiment.
(2
marks)
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8. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters do not represent the true symbols of the elements.

a) Which element forms an ion of charge - 2? Explain your answer (2 marks)

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Chemistry 233/1 Page 4 of 13

 b) What is the nature of the oxide formed by element C? (1 mark)

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c) How does the reactivity of H compare with that of E? Explain. (2 marks)

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d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between B and chlorine? (1 mark)

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e) Explain how the atomic radii of the following compare; (2 marks)

i) F and G

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ii) B and G

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f) The oxides of B and D are separately dissolved in water. State the effect of each product
on litmus paper. (2 marks)

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9. The table below shows the results obtained when halogens are bubbled into a test tube
containing solutions of halides labelled A, B and C. A tick () means reaction takes place and
(x) no reaction occurs.

Chemistry 233/1 Page 5 of 13

 a) Identify the halide ions represented by letters A, B and C. (1 ½ marks)

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c) State the colour change for the reaction between chlorine and iodide ions and write an
ionic equation for the reaction. (1 ½ marks)

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10. A student set up the apparatus shown below to prepare and collect dry carbon (IV) oxide gas.

(a) State a correction for three mistakes in the set up above (3 marks)

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Chemistry 233/1 Page 6 of 13

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(b) Give two reasons why carbon (IV) oxide is used as a fire extinguisher (2 marks)

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11. Dry hydrogen gas was passed through a hot metal oxide as shown in the diagram below.

The metal oxide turned from black to brown.

a). Identify the metal oxide (1 mark)

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b). State one other observation in the combustion tube. (1 mark)

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c). Write a chemical equation for one of the reactions taking place in the combustion tube.
(1
mark)
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12. (i) What is a coordinate bond? (1 mark)

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(ii) Draw a dot (.) cross (X) diagram to show bonding in the Ammonium ion. NH4+ ion (N
= 7, H =1) (2 marks)

Chemistry 233/1 Page 7 of 13

 (iii) Aluminum chloride and sodium chloride are both chlorides of period 3 elements. Use
this information to explain the following observations.

I) A solution of A1Cl3 in water turns blue litmus paper red while that of sodium
chloride does not. (1 ½ marks)

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II) The melting point of sodium chloride (801°C) is higher than that of A1C13
(180°C). (1 ½ marks)

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13. The diagram below represents a set up used to electrolyse molten copper (II) chloride.

Chemistry 233/1 Page 8 of 13

 a) Identify electrode B. (1 mark)
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b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place at the electrode A (1 mark)

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d) Give two reasons why electroplating is necessary. (1 mark)

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14. The products formed by action of heat on nitrates of element X, Y and Z are shown below.

a) Arrange the metals in order of increasing reactivity. (1 mark)

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b) Which element forms a soluble carbonate? (1mark)

Chemistry 233/1 Page 9 of 13

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c) Give an element that can be Y. (1 mark)

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15. One of the stages in gas preparation is the drying stage. Write three chemicals that can be
used as drying agents. (3 marks)

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16. Nekesa found a colourless liquid which she suspected to be water. On adding a few drops of
the liquid to anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride powder, the colour of the latter changed from blue
to pink. On boiling the liquid, she found it to boil at a range of 102-107 ℃.
(i) What is the boiling point of pure water at sea level? (1 mark)

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(ii) Name the apparatus used to measure the boiling point of water. (1 mark)

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(iii) Why does the liquid boil over a range of temperature? (1 mark)

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17. (a) Carbon (IV) oxide is bubbled through Calcium hydroxide until there is no further change.
Explain using equations the changes observed. (2 marks)

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(b) Explain why diamond is used in glass cutters and drill bits. (1 mark)

Chemistry 233/1 Page 10 of 13

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18. Unknown substances had pH values as shown in the table below.

Substance pH value
A 6.0
B 2.0
C 12.0
D 7.0

State which substance was likely to be

(i) Lemon juice mixed with sugar? (1 mark)
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(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution? (1 mark)

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(iii) Aluminium chloride solution? (1 mark)

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19. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

i) Explain why substance M is a good conductor in molten state and not in solid state.
(2 marks)
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Chemistry 233/1 Page 11 of 13

 ii) What is the most likely structure of substance N? Explain. (2 marks)

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ii) Identify, with reasons, a substance that exists as a liquid at room temperature.
(2 marks)
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20. Helium is used instead of hydrogen in balloons for metrological research. Explain.
(1 mark)
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21. (a) What is a hydrocarbon? (1 mark)

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(b) Name the two products formed when hydrocarbons burn in air. (2 marks)

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22. State the name of the processes represented by each of the following changes. (3 marks)

i) I2 (s) I2 (g)
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ii) CaCl2 (s) CaCl2 (aq)
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iii) M(g) M(l)
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23. The synthetic allotrope of carbon is called ………………………………… (1 mark)

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