Name: ……………………………………………………. Admission Number: …………..

School: …………………………………………………… Class: …………………………….

Student’s signature: …………………………………. Date: ……………………………

S PATH M
Instructions to candidates
S
E number in the spaces provided above.
C class, sign and write the date in the spaces
(a) Write your name and admission
(b) Write the name of your school,

O
C

provided above.

CK
SU

(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper
(d) All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question
paper.
(e) This paper consists of 14 printed pages. EXAM
(f) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the
L

pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.

I

(g) Candidates must answer the questions in English.

C

IN

AT N
ION COU

For Examiner’s Use Only

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1. The diagram below shows a Bunsen burner flame use it to answer the questions
that follow.

(a) Which part of the flame is used for heating? Give a reason. (2 marks)
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(b) Under which conditions is the above type of flame produced? (1 mark)
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2. Use dots (•) and crosses (x) to represent electrons, draw diagrams to show
structures of:
(a) Ammonia gas. (2 marks)
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(b) Ammonium ion (2 marks)
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(c) Carbon (II) oxide (2 marks)
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3. Briefly describe how a burning candle can be used to demonstrate physical and
chemical changes. (3 marks)
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4. An atom of element V has atomic radius of 0.0098 nm and an ionic radius of

1.82 nm.
(a) state whether V is a metal or a non-metal. (1 mark)
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(b) Explain why ionic radius is bigger than the atomic radius. (2 marks)
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5. Given element X has atomic number of 14 and consists of isotopes as shown in
the table below.
Isotope P Q R
Isotopic mass 28 29 31
Percentage abundance 92.2 4.7 3.1

(a) Determine the relative atomic mass of X. (3 marks)

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(b) State the group and the period to which X belongs. (1 mark)
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6. (a) Though aluminium is a reactive metal, most household utensils are made up
of it. Explain. (2 marks)
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(b) It is not advisable to use wood ash to wash aluminium utensils. Explain.
(2 marks)
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7. Describe how a dry sample of magnesium carbonate can be prepared starting
with sodium carbonate solution, dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium oxide.
(3 marks)
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8. (a) Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity. (2 marks)
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(b) Explain why ionization energy of alkali metals decrease down the group.
(2 marks)
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9. With reference to iodine distinguish between covalent bonds and van der waal’s
forces. (3 marks)
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10. Explain how you can obtain potassium chloride from a mixture of solid
potassium chloride and solid silver chloride. (3 marks)
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11. Magnesium burns in air to form mainly a white solid together with a greenish –
yellow substance.
(a) Write a chemical equation to show how the white solid if formed. (1 mark)
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(b) Write a chemical equation to show how the white solid if formed. (1 mark)
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12. State three observations made when a small piece of sodium metal is dropped
into a beaker containing water. (3 marks)
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13. Differentiate between the following terms:
(a) Normal salts and acidic salts. (2 mark)
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(b) Deliquescent salts and hygroscopic salts. (2 marks)
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(c) Anhydrous salt and hydrated salt. (2 marks)

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14. The table below shows the atomic numbers of element s P, Q, R and S.
Element P Q R S
Atomic number 13 16 17 20

(a) State the type of bond that would be formed between:

(i) Element Q and S. (1 mark)
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(ii) Element R and S. (1 mark)
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(b) Which of the elements are metals? Explain (2 marks)
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15. The flow chart below illustrates reactions of some substances. Use it to answer
the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the solid W. (1 mark)

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(b) Write a balanced equation for the formation of Q. (1 marks)
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(c) Identify solution X. (1 mark)
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16. A student was provided with a colourless solid X. how could the student find out
whether it is a compound or a mixture. (2 marks)
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17. The following diagram shows a paper chromatogram of substances A, B, C, D

and E which are coloured.

(a) Indicate the base line and the solvent front on the diagram. (1 mark)
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(b) Which substance is pure? Explain. (1 mark)
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(c) Substance E is a mixture of C and D. Indicate its chromatogram on the
diagram. (1 mark)
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18. The structure of water molecules can be represented as shown in the below.

(a) Name the type of bond represented by Y and Z. (2 marks)

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(b) The relative molecular mass of methane and water are almost similar.
However, the boiling point of water is 1000C while that of methane is -1610C.
Explain. (1 mark)
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19. Explain the measures taken to ensure the roads are passable during the winter
seasons in countries that snow. (2 marks)
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20. The diagram below shows a set up that was used to prepare oxygen gas and then
passed over a burning a candle. The experiment was allowed to take place for
some time.

(a) Name reagent L. (1 mark)

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(b) Suggest the nature of the solution in a beaker K. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
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(c) Explain why candle did not go off. (1 mark)
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21. (a) When potassium nitrate is heated it decomposes. Write a balanced equation
for the thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate. (1 mark)
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(b) How would you test for the gas produced in the process? (1 mark)
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(c) State one use of the gas formed on decomposition. (1 mark)
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22. The diagram below is a set up showing the electrolysis of the molten zin bromide.

(a) State the missing condition. (1 mark)

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(b) Explain observations made if the circuit is completed and the missing
condition put in place. (2 marks)
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23. Helium has replaced hydrogen in air transport. Give reasons. (3 marks)
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24. A certain element Y has atomic number 13 and mass number 27.
(a) Calculate the number of neutrons in the element. (1 mark)
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(b) Draw the ionic structure of the element. (2 marks)
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(c) Compare the size of element Y with that of element Z whose atomic number is
17. (1 mark)
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