Program: Community
Program: Community
Program: Community
AP STATE COUNCILOF
HIGHER EDUCATION
(ASTATUTORY BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF AP)
ECE
TECH
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
N. PAVANI - 22HU1A0457
Mr. R. SREENIVASULU (Ph. D)
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT REPORT
ENTITLED
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DECLARATION
We here by declare that the Community Service Project report “HEALTH& HYGIENE”
entitled hasbeen done by us under the supervision of Ms. T. LEELAVATHI M. Tech and submitted to the
Department of ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, TADIPATRI ENGINEERING
COLLEGE in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in ECE. This Community Service Project report is the result of our own effort and it has not
been submitted to any otherUNIVERSITY or Institution for the award of degree.
N. PAVANI 22HU1A0457
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PALCE:
DATE:
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Date of Submission :
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Student’s Declaration
I Ms. N.PAVANI student of Community Service Project Program, Reg. No. 22HU1A0457 of
the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in Tadipatri Engineering college do here by declare that we
have completed the mandatory community service from: 20-05- 2024 To:30-06-2024 in tadipatri under the Faculty Guide
ship of Ms. T. LEELAVATHI M. Tech, Department of Electronicsand Communication Engineering, Tadipatri Engineering
College.
Endorsements
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. E.V Subba Reddy, principal TADIPATRI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Tadipatri for their cooperation and valuable support in every way
during the period of the communityservice project report.
At last, we would like to thank Management and chairman Sri K. Ramesh Reddy, giving
meanopportunity to work on this community service project report.
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Contents:
SI.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE.NO
1) INTRODUCTION 9
2) HEALTH 10-15
3) HYGIENE 16-20
5) DISEASE 29-31
6) IMMUNITY 32-36
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CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER -2
HEALTH:
1. Emotional health
2. Social health
3. Spiritual health
4. Physical Health
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1.Physical Health:
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2. Emotional Health:
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3.Social Health:
Social health is a term that refers to the ways in which
people create healthy and positive interpersonal relationship with one another.
Having goods social health helps people improve their emotional well-being and
feel supported in their daily lives.
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4.SPIRITUAL HEALTH:
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This definition is just one of many that are possible. What constitutes “good”
health in particular can vary widely. The rather fragile individual who stays
“well” within the ordinary environment of his or her existence may succumb to
a heart attack from heavy shovelling after a snowstorm; or a sea-level dweller
may move to a new home in the mountains, where the atmosphere has a lower
content of oxygen, and suffer from shortness of breath and anemia until his or
her red blood cell count adjusts itself to the altitude. Thus, even by this definition,
the conception of good health must involve some allowance for change in the
environment.
Britannica Quiz
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Human Health:
Bad health can be defined as the presence of disease, good health as its absence—
particularly the absence of continuing disease, because the person afflicted with
a sudden attack of seasickness, for example, may not be thought of as having lost
good health as a result of such a mishap.
Actually, there is a wide variable area between health and disease. Only a few
examples are necessary to illustrate the point: (1) It is physiologically normal for
an individual to have a high blood sugar content 15 to 20 minutes after eating a
meal. If, however, the sugar content remains elevated two hours later, this
condition is abnormal and may be indicative of disease. (2) A “healthy”
individual may have developed an allergy, perhaps during early childhood, to a
single specific substance. If the person never again comes in contact with
the antigen that causes the allergy, all other factors remaining normal, he or she
will remain in that state of health. However, should the individual come in contact
with that allergen again, even 20 or 30 years later, he or she may suffer anything
from a mild allergic reaction—a simple rash—to severe anaphylactic
shock, coma, or even death, depending upon the circumstances. Thus it can be
seen that, unlike disease, which is frequently recognizable, tangible, and rather
easily defined, health is a somewhat nebulous condition and somewhat difficult
to define.
Moreover, physical condition and health are not synonymous terms. A seven-
foot-tall basketball player may be in excellent physical condition (although
outside the range of normality for height) but may or may not be in good health—
depending, for example, on whether the individual has fallen victim to an attack
of influenza.
Other tests give numerical results (or results that can be assigned numerical
values—such as photometric colour determinations) that can be interpreted by
the examiner. These are physical and chemical tests, including blood, urine,
and cerebrospinal-fluid analyses. The results of the tests are compared with the
reference values, and the physician receives clues as to the health of the patient
and, if the values are abnormal, for the methods of improving the patient’s health.
. S
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CHAPTER -3
HYGIENE:
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PERSONAL HYGIENE:
Washing your hands with soap removes germs that can make you ill. Having
good personal hygiene will also help prevent you from spreading diseases to other
people.
Better hygiene leads to better health, confidence and overall growth. Good
hygiene is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases and helping
children lead long, healthy lives. It also prevents them from missing school,
resulting in better learning outcomes.
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ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE:
1. Clean Living Spaces: Regular cleaning of homes and workspaces helps remove
germs from surfaces, reducing the risk of illness2.
2. Safe Water and Sanitation: Access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation
facilities is vital for preventing waterborne diseases3.
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HEALTHCARE HYGIENE:
Healthcare hygiene is crucial for preventing
infections and ensuring the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. Here are
some key aspects: Hand Hygiene: This is one of the most important
practices. Healthcare workers should clean their hands frequently with soap and water
or alcohol-based hand sanitizers to prevent the spread of germs1.Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE): Proper use of PPE, such as gloves, masks, and gowns, helps protect
healthcare workers and patients from infections. Sterilization and Disinfection:
Medical instruments and surfaces must be properly sterilized and disinfected to
eliminate harmful microorganisms1.Waste Management: Proper disposal of medical
waste, including sharps and biohazard materials, is essential to prevent contamination
and spread of infections. Environmental Hygiene: Regular cleaning and disinfection
of healthcare facilities, including patient rooms, operating theaters, and common
areas, help maintain a safe environment2.Education and Training: Continuous
education and training for healthcare workers on hygiene practices and infection
control measures are vital to ensure compliance and effectiveness1.Maintaining high
standards of hygiene in healthcare settings is essential for protecting everyone
involved. Do you have any specific questions or need more details on any of these
aspects?
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COMMUNITY HYGIENE
1. Public Health Campaigns: Educating communities about hygiene practices can
significantly reduce the spread of diseases3.
2. School Hygiene Programs: Implementing hygiene education in schools helps
install good habits in children from a young age3.
By prioritizing health and hygiene, we can create healthier environments and
improve quality of life for everyone. Do you have any specific questions or areas
you’d like to know more about
Learn more
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CHAPTER -4
Hygiene:
The practices that we follow in our day-to-day lives to maintain good
health are known as hygiene. This includes:
• Personal hygiene
• Community hygiene
• Cleaning teeth
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• Covering dustbins
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CHAPTER-5
Disease:
Sometimes the human body gets affected due to some environmental,
physiological or psychological factors which disturbs the normal functioning of
the body organs. This malfunctioning of the human body is called disease. A
disease may affect a person not only physically but also emotionally and
mentally.
There are Mainly Two Types of Diseases:
1. Infectious diseases
2. Non-infectious diseases
• Affects liver
• Common symptoms are high fever, dark yellow urine, loss of appetite,
headache, light coloured stool
• Spreads through contaminated water
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b. Cholera
• Caused by bacterium Vibrio cholera
• Common symptoms are itching on skin and scalp, dry scaly lesions on skin,
nails and scalp
• Spreads by direct contact with infected objects
4. Protozoan Diseases:
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a. Malaria
• Caused by many species of Plasmodium.
• Common symptoms are stomach pain and cramps, stool with mucus and
blood clots, constipation, diarrhoea
• Spreads through contaminated food and water when house flies transmit
the parasites from faecal matter of infected people to food.
• It can be prevented by drinking clean water, proper disposal of human
excreta and covering of cooked food.
5. Helminthic Disease
a. Filariasis/ Elephantiasis
• Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti
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CHAPTER-6
Immunity:
Immunity is a person’s ability to fight against diseases. There are two types of
immunity:
1. Innate Immunity- This is present right from birth. It is non-specific. It
consists of many barriers:
o Physical Barriers- This includes skin, lining of respiratory tract, gastro-
intestinal lining and lining of urino- genital tracts where the germs are
trapped in mucus.
o Physiological Barriers- This includes acid in the stomach and lysozymes
in saliva.
o Cellular Barriers- This includes special cells like lymphocytes, monocytes,
macrophages and neutrophils.
o Cytokine Barriers- This includes interferons (a group of proteins produced
by viral infected cells) which protect the non-infected cells.
2. Acquired Immunity- This is acquired after birth either by contracting the
disease or by vaccination. It is pathogen specific and can be classified into two
types:
o Active Immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to antigens
developed during natural infection or by vaccination. It stays for a longer
period and is time taking.
o Passive Immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to antigens
forcibly injected into our bodies. It stays for a short period and is fast in
response.
3. Vaccines- A vaccine is an antigen (weakened form of germ) which when
injected/ swallowed causes the body to resist the disease. It does not cause the
disease but helps the body to fight the disease when it is actually attacked by the
germs. There are vaccines available against diseases such as polio, diphtheria,
tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis, small-pox, tetanus etc.
4. Allergy- Some antigens present in the environment can cause
hypersensitive reactions in the immune system.
o Such substances are called allergens. Examples include dust mites, pollen
grains, animal fur etc.
o Common symptoms are rashes, sneezing, runny nose, difficulty in
breathing etc.
o Antihistamines are used generally to relieve symptoms of allergy.
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Source of Food:
Plants and animals provide the majority of the food we consume. We consume
several portions of the plant as food. We consume the leaves of certain plants,
such as spinach, the seeds of some plants, such as corn, the blooms of other plants,
such as broccoli, the stems of some plants, such as potatoes, and the roots of some
plants, such as carrots. Animal goods include eggs, milk, and milk products such
as butter, ghee, and so on. We also consume the meat of animals such as chicken,
fish, and goats. Thus, food may be classified into five categories depending on its
utility to our bodies. These foods offer energy, help to grow our bodies, protect
them from sickness, and keep us healthy and strong.
Food Components: The five categories or components of food are as follows:
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
Carbohydrates:
• Carbohydrates are sometimes referred to as energy-producing foods.
Fats:
• Fats, like carbs, are considered energy-giving foods. Excess carbs are
converted and stored as fat in our bodies.
• Meat, ghee, vegetable oil, milk, butter, cheese, and dried fruits are high in
fat.
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• Although fatty meals are required for the body, an excess of these foods
leads to weight problems such as obesity, which leads to cardiac
difficulties.
Proteins:
• Protein-rich diets are those that aid in the growth and repair of our bodies'
muscles and tissues. This is one of the most vital dietary categories. It helps
to strengthen muscles and heal damaged tissues in our bodies.
• Protein-rich foods include milk, poultry, eggs, fish, soya beans, and so on.
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DAY-2 We search for the title In this day, we search for the
different title for the project.
DAY-3 Decided the final title of the project In this day, with all group
members opinions we come to
decide the title
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Weekly Report
➢ Detailed Report: After knowing to do the project we among ourself had decided to form
the group and finalized about the team members.
➢ As each group consist of 5 members we had formed five members as a one group.
➢ For this we had thought and think differently as it should be aware for everyone and it
should helpful to society .
➢ we had decided to do our project on 'Floriculture' which can be useful for all and we can
have an awareness regarding for the deforestation problem.
➢ Next we had a research on the title of our project that what measures can we take to
gather all the information so that we can explain and present and make an awareness in
effective way.
➢ To do all these we need to have a survey regarding reduce the deforestation and visit the
places like nursery etc.
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Weekly report
2.Practices that are generally considered proper hygiene include showering or bathing regularly
Washing hands regularly and especially before handling food.
3.Health & hygiene we take the hygienic food, surrounding cleaning, personal neatness etc
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DAY-4 We started the topic Health & Started the project step by
hygiene step
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Weekly report
WEEK – 3 (From 03/06/2024 to 09/06/2024)
➢ Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘HEALTH & HYGIENE’
➢ We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about the
health in the society.
➢ And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Health & hygiene’
➢ We find the way to implement all the topics in Health & hygiene topics step by step.
➢ We are go through the gathered information and create awareness in the society about
the Health & hygiene
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Weekly report
➢ Detailed Report: We are collected the all information about the ‘HEALTH &
HYGIENE’.
➢ We are visiting the places to implement the project and get the awareness about
the foliage plants in the society.
➢ And fixed and finalize and satisfaction with taken project ‘Health & hygiene’
➢ After that we are thinking about how to implement the project by the step by step
way of implementing the process for the gardening.
➢ By the way we are implementing and we are go through the gathered information
➢ Create awareness in the society about the gardening process in our locality.
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Weekly report
➢ Detailed Report: We distributed the plants in the locality to develop the gardening
in the area
➢ Finally we are planted the trees to inspire all to plant trees in their locality and
explained the need of plantation in the society.
➢ And after the process of implementing the project we are discussing about the
conclusion of the project
➢ Finally we got the conclusion of the project by the implementation of the project
and by the way of process we got a best conclusion.
➢ Like ‘ HEALTH AND HYGIENE’ this is the slogan we decided to our project and
motivation for the society to plant more plants in their locality And implemented
the slogan in our project
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Weekly report
WEEK – 6 (From 24/06/2024to 30/06/2024)
➢ Detailed Report:
➢ Next we need to clarify the queries of the project for some people.
➢ We cleared the all queries of the people at the locality and noted down for the future
use of project.
➢ At the end of day we are discussing about how we done the project.
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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
IN
HEALTH& HYGIENE
Presented at
N. PAVANI (22HU1A0457)
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Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project
Name of the Student : N. PAVANI
Registration No : 22HU1A0457
Period of CSP : From 20-05-2024 To: 30-06-2024
Date of Evalution :
Name of the Faculty Guide : Ms. T. LEELAVATHI M. Tech
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3 Oral Presentation 25
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CONCLUSION:
Health & hygiene are two of the most important aspects of the
life. They are essential for a healthy and happy life. Health is the state
of physical, mental, and social well-being, while hygiene is the practice
of keeping oneself one’s environment clean and free from disease-
causing agents. Good health is the foundation of a happy and
productive life. It is important to take care of one’s physical health by
eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.
Mental health is just as important to take time to relax and practice self-
care. Social health is also important, and it is important to maintain
healthy relationship with family, friends, and colleagues. Hygiene is
also essential for good health. It is important to practice good hygiene
habits such as washing hands regularly, brushing teeth twice a day, and
showering daily. It is also important to keep one’s environment clean
by regularly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, washing bedding and
clothing, and disposing of garbage properly. Good health and hygiene
are essential for a happy and productive life.
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