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    Japanese Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Rowen Alabin

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Japanese Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Rowen Alabin
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    Japanese-Verbs

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views5 pages

    Japanese Verbs

    Uploaded by

    Rowen Alabin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    JAPANESE VERBS

    Japanese verbs may be divided into three groups: regular, semi-regular, and irregular verbs.
    They can be recognized as follows:
    1. The dictionary form of the regular verb has a consonant + u ending
    Example: iku (to go)
    yomu (to read)

    2. The dictionary form of the semi-regular verb has ~eru or ~iru ending.
    Example: taberu (to eat)
    miru (to see, watch, look)

    3. There are only two irregular verbs. They are, in their dictionary forms, kuru (to come)
    and suru (to do).

    VERB CONJUGATION
    Verb 1
    Present Present
    Dictionar Meaning Tense Tense Past Tense Past Tense Command Let’s Form
    y Form (affirmati (negative) (affirmative (negative) Form
    ve) )

    *replace *replace the *replace the *replace the *replace *replace the
    the final final ~u final ~u with final ~u the final final ~u with
    ~u with with ~imashita with ~u with ~imashou
    ~imasu ~imasen ~imasen ~inasai
    deshita

    1. nomu to drink nomimasu nomimasen nomimashit nomimasen nominasai nomimasho


    のみます のみません a deshita のみなさい u
    のみました のみません でした のみましょう

    2. yomu to read yomimasu yomimasen yomimashita yomimasen yominasai yomimashou


    deshita

    3.hanasu to speak hanashimas hanashimase hanashimashit hanashimase hanashinasa hanashimasho


    u n a n deshita i u

    4. kaku to write

    5. kiku to listen

    6. wakaru to
    understan
    d

    7. iku to go
    8. kau to buy

    to have /
    9. aru to exist
    (for things
    & plants)

    10. morau to receive

    11. inoru to pray

    12. asobu to play

    13. utau to sing

    14. owaru to finish

    15. au to meet

    Verb 2
    Present Present
    Dictionar Meaning Tense Tense Past Tense Past Tense Command Let’s Form
    y Form (affirmati (negative) (affirmative (negative) Form
    ve) )

    *replace *replace the *replace the *replace the *replace *replace the
    the final final ~ru final ~ru final ~ru the final final ~ru
    ~ru with with with with ~ru with with
    ~masu ~masen ~mashita ~masen ~nasai ~mashou
    deshita

    1. taberu to eat tabemasu tabemasen tabemashita tabemasen tabenasai tabemashou


    たべます たべません たべました deshita たべなさい たべましょう
    たべません でした

    2. miru to see / mimasu mimasen mimashita mimasen minasai mimashou


    to watch deshita

    3. ageru to give

    4. okiru to get up

    5. neru to sleep

    6. akeru to open
    7. to close
    shimeru

    8. kotaeru to answer

    to have /
    9. iru to exist
    (for
    persons &
    animals)

    10. kiru to wear /


    to put on

    Verb 3
    Present Present
    Dictionar Meaning Tense Tense Past Tense Past Tense Command Let’s Form
    y Form (affirmati (negative) (affirmative (negative) Form
    ve) )

    1. kuru to come kimasu kimasen kimashita kimasen kinasai kimashou


    deshita

    2. suru to do shimasu shimasen shimashita shimasen shinasai shimashou


    deshita

    *Some words (nouns) are often combined with “suru” to change the word into a verb.

    1. ai suru to love ai shimasu ai ai ai ai shinasai ai


    shimasen shimashit shimasen shimashou
    a deshita

    2. kaimono to go kaimono kaimono kaimono kaimono kaimono kaimono


    suru shopping shimasu shimasen shimashita shimasen shinasai shimashou
    deshita

    3. benkyou to study
    suru

    4. denwa to
    suru telephone /
    call

    5. kisu suru to kiss


    6. to ask
    shitsumon question
    suru

    7. souji to clean
    suru

    8. kopii to copy
    suru

    Basic Grammar
    Eigo: I drink water.
    Nihongo: Watashi wa mizu o nomimasu.
    (subject) (object) (verb)

    Eigo: Mr. Uehara doesn’t watch anime.


    Nihongo: Uehara-San wa anime o mimasen.
    (subject) (object) (verb)

    Eigo: The teacher went to Japan.


    Nihongo: Sensei wa Nihon ni ikimashita.
    (subject) (destination) (verb)

    Eigo: Call mother!


    Nihongo: okaasan o denwa shinasai.
    (subject) (object) (verb)

    Eigo: Do you eat sashimi?


    Nihongo: Anata wa sashimi o tabemasu ka.
    (subject) (object) (verb)

    Yes, I eat sashimi - Hai, watashi wa sashimi o tabemasu.


    No, I do not eat sashimi - Iie, watashi wa sashimi o tabemasen.

    Note:
    *wa - particle for the subject
    *ka - question marker
    *o - particle for the direct object
    *ni / e - particle for indirect object, particle for place (destination/direction)

    *The ~masu form is used for future tense as well as present tense.
    *The verb is placed at the end of the sentence with the conjugation according to the type of
    the sentence.

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