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    Plasticity 1

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    Plasticity 1

    Uploaded by

    neerajsharma14929
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    Plasticity-1

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    2 views16 pages

    Plasticity 1

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Yield criteria for ductile metals

     It is an important consideration in the field of plasticity


    in deducing mathematical relationships for predicting
    the conditions at which plastic yielding begins when a
    material is subjected to any possible combination of
    stresses.
     It is expected that yielding under a situation of
    combined stresses can be related to some particular
    combination of principal stresses.
     A yield criterion must be consistent with a number of
    experimental observations.
     There are two generally accepted criteria for
    prediction the onset of yielding in ductile metals
    Hydrostatic and deviatoric components
     The total stress tensor can be divided into a
    hydrostatic or mean stress tensor σm , which involves
    only pure tension or compression, and deviator stress
    tensor σ'ij , which represents the shear stresses in the
    total state of stress.
     Hydrostatic stress component does not cause plastic
    deformation and it only produces elastic volume
    changes.
     Stress deviator is responsible for plastic deformation.
    Hydrostatic and deviatoric components

     A stress matrix can be divided into hydrostatic and


    deviatoric stress components.

     Mean stress is given by


    Von Mises Yield Criterion
     For an isotropic material the yield criterion must be
    independent of the choice of axes , i.e., it must be an
    invariant function.
     These considerations lead to the conclusion that the
    yield criteria must be some function of the invariants
    of the stress deviator.
    Invariants of a stress matrix
    Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
     Von Mises proposed that yielding would occur when the second
    invariant of the stress deviator exceeded some critical value.

     The usual form in terms of principal stresses

     In terms of normal and shear components:

     Effective stress,
    Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
     The Von Mises’ yield criterion implies that yielding is
    not dependent on any particular normal stress or
    shear stress, but instead, yielding depends on a
    function of all components of stress.

     Since the yield criterion is based on differences, the


    criterion is independent of hydrostatic stress
    component.
    Von Mises’ Yield Criterion
     Since the Von Mises yield criterion involves
    squared terms, the result is independent of
    the sign of the individual stresses.

     It is not necessary to know which are the


    largest and smallest principal stresses in order
    to use this yield criterion.
    Tresca yield criterion
     This yield criterion assumes that yielding occurs
    when the maximum shear stress reaches a certain
    critical value.
     The maximum shear stress is given by

     Where σ1 is the algebraically largest and σ3 is the


    algebraically smallest principal stress.
    Tresca yield criterion
     The maximum-shear-stress criterion is less
    complicated mathematically than the Von Mises
    criterion, and for this reason it is often used in
    engineering design.
     However, the maximum –shear stress criterion does
    not take into consideration the intermediate principal
    stress.
     It suffers from the major difficulty that it is necessary
    to know in advance which are the maximum and
    minimum principal stresses.
    Yield stress in pure shear (k)
     If the material yields in pure shear then the stress
    state will be

    I. Von-Mises criterion:

    II. Tresca yield criterion:


    State of stress in two dimensions
     In a thin plate loaded in the plane of the plate there will
    be no stress acting perpendicular to the surface of the
    plate.
     A stress condition in which the stress is zero in one of
    the primary directions is called plane stress (σ3=0)
     It is a 2-dimensional state of stress or biaxial state of stress.
    The Yield Locus
     For a biaxial or plane-stress condition the Von Mises
    yield criterion can be expressed mathematically as
    Plane stress and Plane strain
    Tresca and Von MisesYield Loci for
    2-Dimensional State of Stress

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