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    Von Mises Yield Criterion

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    letter_ashish4444
    The von Mises yield criterion suggests that yielding of ductile materials like metals begins when the second deviatoric stress invariant J2 reaches a critical value, known as the yield strength. It can also be described by the von Mises stress, which is a function of the Cauchy stress tensor. Yielding occurs when the von Mises stress equals the yield strength. The von Mises yield criterion is independent of the hydrostatic stress and defines a cylindrical yield surface in the deviatoric stress space. It is widely used to predict the yielding of materials under complex loading conditions from results of simple uniaxial tensile tests.

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    Von Mises Yield Criterion

    Uploaded by

    letter_ashish4444
    319 views4 pages
    The von Mises yield criterion suggests that yielding of ductile materials like metals begins when the second deviatoric stress invariant J2 reaches a critical value, known as the yield strength. It can also be described by the von Mises stress, which is a function of the Cauchy stress tensor. Yielding occurs when the von Mises stress equals the yield strength. The von Mises yield criterion is independent of the hydrostatic stress and defines a cylindrical yield surface in the deviatoric stress space. It is widely used to predict the yielding of materials under complex loading conditions from results of simple uniaxial tensile tests.

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    The von Mises yield criterion suggests that yielding of ductile materials like metals begins when the second deviatoric stress invariant J2 reaches a critical value, known as the yield strength. It can also be described by the von Mises stress, which is a function of the Cauchy stress tensor. Yielding occurs when the von Mises stress equals the yield strength. The von Mises yield criterion is independent of the hydrostatic stress and defines a cylindrical yield surface in the deviatoric stress space. It is widely used to predict the yielding of materials under complex loading conditions from results of simple uniaxial tensile tests.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    319 views4 pages

    Von Mises Yield Criterion

    Uploaded by

    letter_ashish4444
    The von Mises yield criterion suggests that yielding of ductile materials like metals begins when the second deviatoric stress invariant J2 reaches a critical value, known as the yield strength. It can also be described by the von Mises stress, which is a function of the Cauchy stress tensor. Yielding occurs when the von Mises stress equals the yield strength. The von Mises yield criterion is independent of the hydrostatic stress and defines a cylindrical yield surface in the deviatoric stress space. It is widely used to predict the yielding of materials under complex loading conditions from results of simple uniaxial tensile tests.

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    von Mises yield criterion

    The von Mises yield criterion [1] suggests that the


    yielding of materials begins when the second deviatoric
    stress invariant J2 reaches a critical value. For this reason, it is sometimes called the J2 -plasticity or J2 ow
    theory. It is part of a plasticity theory that applies best to
    ductile materials, such as metals. Prior to yield, material
    response is assumed to be elastic.

    Von Mises
    Yield Surface
    Hydrostatic
    Axis
    Tresca
    Yield Curve
    Von Mises
    Yield Curve

    Tresca
    Yield Surface

    In materials science and engineering the von Mises yield


    criterion can be also formulated in terms of the von
    Mises stress or equivalent tensile stress, v , a scalar
    plane
    stress value that can be computed from the Cauchy stress
    (Deviatoric Plane)
    tensor. In this case, a material is said to start yielding
    when its von Mises stress reaches a critical value known
    as the yield strength, y . The von Mises stress is used
    to predict yielding of materials under any loading condistress coordinates cirtion from results of simple uniaxial tensile tests. The von The von Mises yield surfaces in principal

    2
    Mises stress satises the property that two stress states cumscribes a cylinder with radius 3 y around the hydrostatic
    with equal distortion energy have equal von Mises stress. axis. Also shown is Tresca's hexagonal yield surface.
    Because the von Mises yield criterion is independent of
    the rst stress invariant, I1 , it is applicable for the analysis of plastic deformation for ductile materials such as
    metals, as the onset of yield for these materials does not
    depend on the hydrostatic component of the stress tensor.

    where y is the yield strength of the material. If we set the


    von Mises stress equal to the yield strength and combine
    the above equations, the von Mises yield criterion can be
    expressed as:

    Although formulated by Maxwell in 1865, it is generally

    attributed to Richard Edler von Mises (1913).[1][2] Tytus


    v = y = 3J2
    Maksymilian Huber (1904), in a paper in Polish, anticipated to some extent this criterion.[3][4] This criterion or
    is also referred to as the MaxwellHuberHenckyvon
    Mises theory.
    v2 = 3J2 = 3k 2

    Substituting J2 with terms of the Cauchy stress tensor


    components

    Mathematical formulation

    Mathematically the von Mises yield criterion is expressed 2 = 1 [( )2 +( )2 +( )2 +6( 2 + 2 + 2 )]


    11
    22
    22
    33
    33
    11
    v
    23
    31
    12
    2
    as:
    This equation denes the yield surface as a circular cylinder (See Figure) whose yield curve, or intersection
    with
    2k , or
    the
    deviatoric
    plane,
    is
    a
    circle
    with
    radius

    J2 = k 2
    2
    3 y . This implies that the yield condition is independent
    of hydrostatic stresses.
    where k is the yield stress of the material in pure shear.
    As shown later in this article, at the onset of yielding,
    the magnitude of the shear yield stress in pure shear is
    3 times lower than the tensile yield stress in the case of 2 Reduced von Mises equation for
    simple tension. Thus, we have:

    dierent stress conditions

    The above equation can be reduced and reorganized for


    practical use in dierent loading scenarios.

    y
    k=
    3
    1

    3 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VON MISES YIELD CRITERION


    steel axle under torsion, even if both specimens are of the
    same material. In view of the stress tensor, which fully
    describes the stress state, this dierence manifests in six
    degrees of freedom, because the stress tensor has six independent components. Therefore, it is dicult to tell
    which of the two specimens is closer to the yield point or
    has even reached it. However, by means of the von Mises
    yield criterion, which depends solely on the value of the
    scalar von Mises stress, i.e., one degree of freedom, this
    comparison is straightforward: A larger von Mises value
    implies that the material is closer to the yield point.
    In the case of pure shear stress, 12 = 21 = 0 , while
    all other ij = 0 , von Mises criterion becomes:
    y
    12 = k =
    3

    Intersection of the von Mises yield criterion with the 1 , 2 plane,


    where 3 = 0

    This means that, at the onset of yielding,


    the magnitude

    of the shear stress in pure shear is 3 times lower than


    the tensile stress in the case of simple tension. The von
    In the case of uniaxial stress or simple tension, 1 =

    Mises yield criterion for pure shear stress, expressed in


    0, 3 = 2 = 0 , the von Mises criterion simply reduces principal stresses, is
    to
    (1 2 )2 + (2 3 )2 + (1 3 )2 = 2y2
    1 = y
    In the case of plane stress, 3 = 0 , the von Mises criwhich means the material starts to yield when 1 reaches terion becomes:
    the yield strength of the material y , and is in agreement with the denition of tensile (or compressive) yield
    strength.
    12 1 2 + 22 = 3k 2 = y2
    It is also convenient to dene an Equivalent tensile
    stress or von Mises stress, v , which is used to pre- This equation represents an ellipse in the plane 1 2 ,
    dict yielding of materials under multiaxial loading con- as shown in the Figure above.
    ditions using results from simple uniaxial tensile tests. The following table summarizes von Mises yield criterion
    Thus, we dene
    for the dierent stress conditions.
    Notes:

    v = 3J2

    2 Subscripts
    1,2,3
    can be replaced with x,y,z, or other
    2 +
    2
    (11 22 )2 + (22 33 )2 + (33 11 )2 + 6(12
    + 23
    31 )
    orthogonal
    coordinate
    system
    =
    2

    Shear stress is denoted here as ij ; in practice it is


    (1 2 )2 + (2 3 )2 + (3 1 )2
    =
    also denoted as ij
    2

    = 32 sij sij
    where sij are the components of the stress deviator tensor
    dev :

    dev =

    1
    (tr ) I
    3

    In this case, yielding occurs when the equivalent stress,


    v , reaches the yield strength of the material in simple
    tension, y . As an example, the stress state of a steel
    beam in compression diers from the stress state of a

    3 Physical interpretation of the von


    Mises yield criterion
    Hencky (1924) oered a physical interpretation of von
    Mises criterion suggesting that yielding begins when the
    elastic energy of distortion reaches a critical value.[4] For
    this reason, the von Mises criterion is also known as the
    maximum distortion strain energy criterion. This
    comes from the relation between J2 and the elastic strain
    energy of distortion WD :

    3
    J2
    2G

    WD =
    E
    2(1+)

    with the elastic shear modulus G =

    In 1937 [5] Arpad L. Nadai suggested that yielding begins


    when the octahedral shear stress reaches a critical value,
    i.e. the octahedral shear stress of the material at yield in
    simple tension. In this case, the von Mises yield criterion
    is also known as the maximum octahedral shear stress
    criterion in view of the direct proportionality that exists
    between J2 and the octahedral shear stress, oct , which
    by denition is

    oct =

    2
    3 J2

    thus we have

    oct =

    2
    3 y

    Comparison with Tresca yield


    criterion

    Also shown in the gure is Tresca's maximum shear stress


    criterion (dashed line). Observe that Trescas yield surface is circumscribed by von Misess. Therefore, it predicts plastic yielding already for stress states that are still
    elastic according to the von Mises criterion. As a model
    for plastic material behavior, Trescas criterion is therefore more conservative.

    See also
    Yield surface
    Henri Tresca
    Mohr-Coulomb theory
    Yield (engineering)
    Stress
    Strain
    3-D elasticity

    References

    [1] von Mises, R. (1913). Mechanik der festen Krper im plastisch deformablen Zustand. Gttin. Nachr. Math. Phys.,
    vol. 1, pp. 582592.
    [2] Ford, Advanced Mechanics of Materials, Longmans, London, 1963

    [3] Huber, M. (1903). Specic work of strain as a measure of


    material eort, Towarzystwo Politechniczne, Czas. Techniczne, Lww
    [4] . The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity. Oxford, Clarendon Press
    [5] S. M. A. Kazimi. (1982). Solid Mechanics.
    McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-451715-5

    Tata

    7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

    Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

    7.1

    Text

    Von Mises yield criterion Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Mises_yield_criterion?oldid=671920589 Contributors: XJaM,


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    7.2

    Images

    File:Tresca_stress_2D.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Tresca_stress_2D.png License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?


    File:Yield_surfaces.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Yield_surfaces.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
    Contributors: Own work, based on Yield_surfaces.png Original artist: Rswarbrick

    7.3

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