Multiple Choice

Đề 01
1. E-commerce involves digitally enabled commercial ____________ between and among organizations
and individuals. a. transactions

2. The technology juggernauts behind online retails are the Internet, the Web, and increasingly, the mobile
____________ a. platform

3. E-business refers primarily to the digital enabling of ____________within a firm, involving information
systems under the control of the firm. a. transactions and processes

4. There are eight features of online retails technology that are unique b. Ubiquity; Global reach;
Universal standards; Richness; Interactivity; Information density; Personalization and customization;
Social technology

5. ____________: available just about everywhere, at all times, making it possible to shop from your
desktop, at home, at work, or even from your car. a. Ubiquiti

6. ____________: permits commercial transactions to cross cultural and national boundaries far more
conveniently and cost-effectively than is true in traditional commerce. a. Global reach

7. ____________: shared by all nations around the world, in contrast to most traditional commerce
technologies, which differ from one nation to the next. b. Universal standards

8. ____________ enables an online merchant to deliver marketing messages in a way not possible
with traditional commerce technologies. a. Richness

9. ____________ allows for two-way communication between merchant and consumer and enables the
merchant to engage a consumer in ways similar to a face-to-face experience, but on a much more
massive, global scale. a. Interactivity

10. ____________ is the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants. The
Internet reduces information collection, storage, processing, and communication costs while increasing
the currency, accuracy, and timeliness of information a. Information density

11. ____________ the increase in information density allows merchants to target their marketing
messages to specific individuals and results in a level of personalization and customization unthinkable
with previously existing commerce technologies. a. Personalization and customization

12. ____________ provides a many-to-many model of mass communications. Millions of users are able to
geocrate content consumed by millions of other users. The result is the formation of social networks on
a wide scale and the aggregation of large audiences on social network platforms. a. Social technology

13. B2C c-commerce involves businesses ____________ to consumers and is the type of c-commerce that
most consumers are likely to encounter. a. selling

14. In ____________, the consumer prepares the product for market, places the product for auction or sale,
and relies on the market maker to provide catalog, search engine, and transaction clearing capabilities so
that products can be easily displayed, discovered, and paid for a. C2C online retail
15. How many stages that online retail has gone through: a. Innovation, consolidation, and reinvention.

Đề 05
Part 1: Multiple-Choice Questions - 5 point
16. ____________ defines how a company's product or service fulfills the needs of customers a. Value
proposition

17. ____________: describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce a superior
return on invested capital a. Revenue model

18. ____________: a company provides a forum for advertisements and receives fees from advertisers a.
Advertising revenue model

19. ____________: refers to the company's intended marketspace and the overall potential financial
opportunities available to the firm in that marketspace a. Market opportunity

20. ____________: refers to the other companies operating in the same marketspace selling similar
products a. Competitive environment

21. ____________: refers to the nature of the players in an industry and their relative bargaining power a.
Industry structure

22. ____________: takes into account the cost difference between products in the line, customer
evaluation of their features, and competitors' prices. a. Product line pricing

23. How many factors to consider when setting prices in online retail? a. 7

24. ____________: involves setting prices based on the costs for producing, distributing, and selling the
product plus a fair rate of return for its effort and risk. a. Cost-based pricing

25. ____________ : involves charging higher prices on an everyday basis but running frequent promotions
to lower prices temporarily on selected items. b. High-low pricing

Part 2: T/F & explain < 100 words

Đề 01
1. B2B c-commerce involves businesses selling to other businesses and is the largest form of
c-commerce.
FALSE
It's true that B2B c-commerce involves businesses selling to other businesses, but it is not the largest
form of c-commerce. B2C (business-to-consumer) is typically the largest segment.

2. C2C c-commerce is a means for consumers to sell to each other.

TRUE
True. C2C c-commerce enables consumers to sell products or services directly to other consumers
through online platforms. This model is exemplified by platforms like eBay and Poshmark.
Đề 05
1. Speed, capacity, and scalability are three of the most important considerations when selecting an
operating system, and therefore the hardware that it runs on.
TRUE
Speed ensures efficient performance, capacity determines storage and memory capabilities, and
scalability is vital for handling growth and changing demands. These factors collectively influence the
selection of an operating system and compatible hardware for optimal functionality.

2. To evaluate how fast the site needs to be, companies need to assess the number of simultaneous
users the site expects to see, the nature of their requests, the type of information requested, and the
bandwidth available to the site.
TRUE
To optimize a website's speed, companies must consider factors like the number of users, nature of
requests, type of information, and available bandwidth. These factors help tailor the site's infrastructure
to meet user expectations and ensure a satisfactory browsing experience.

Part 3: Short answer < 500 words

1. What is the Internet of Things and how is it being created and enabled?
A1:
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the Internet.

IoT is created and enabled through:

● An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems -- such as
processors, sensors and communication hardware -- to collect, send and act on data they acquire
from their environments.
● IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway, which acts as a
central hub where IoT devices can send data. Before the data is shared, it can also be sent to an
edge device where that data is analyzed locally. Analyzing data locally reduces the volume of
data sent to the cloud, which minimizes bandwidth consumption.
● Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information
they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although
people can interact with the devices -- for example, to set them up, give them instructions or
access the data.
● The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices
largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed.
● IoT can also use artificial intelligence and machine learning to aid in making data collection
processes easier and more dynamic.

A2:
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles,
appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. These
devices can collect and exchange data, making them capable of interacting and communicating with
each other without requiring human intervention. The goal of IoT is to create a more efficient, convenient,
and interconnected world by enabling devices to share information and automate processes.

Key components that enable the creation of the Internet of Things include:
 ● Sensors and Actuators: IoT devices are equipped with various sensors to gather data from the
environment, such as temperature, humidity, motion, and more. Actuators allow these devices to
perform actions based on the data received.
● Connectivity: IoT devices need a way to communicate with each other and with central systems.
This communication can happen through various means, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular
networks, Zigbee, and others. The choice of connectivity depends on the specific requirements of
the IoT application.
● Data Processing and Storage: The vast amount of data generated by IoT devices needs to be
processed and stored. Cloud computing plays a significant role in handling the data processing
and storage requirements of IoT applications. Edge computing, which involves processing data
closer to the source (on the device or in a nearby server), is also becoming more common to
reduce latency and bandwidth usage.
● Security: Given the sensitive nature of the data collected by IoT devices, security is a critical
consideration. IoT systems need robust security measures to protect against unauthorized
access, data breaches, and other cyber threats.
● Standards and Protocols: Standardization is crucial for interoperability and seamless
communication between different IoT devices and systems. Various standards and protocols,
such as MQTT, CoAP, and others, help ensure that devices from different manufacturers can work
together effectively.
● IoT Platforms: These are software systems that facilitate the development, deployment, and
management of IoT applications. IoT platforms provide tools for data integration, device
management, security, and application development.
● Power Management: Many IoT devices are designed to operate with minimal power
consumption, especially those deployed in remote locations or powered by batteries. Efficient
power management is essential for ensuring the longevity and reliability of IoT devices.
● Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence: Extracting meaningful insights from the massive
amount of data generated by IoT devices is crucial. Data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI)
techniques are often used to analyze and derive actionable information from IoT data.
IoT is being implemented across various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, transportation,
manufacturing, smart homes, and more. As technology continues to advance, the capabilities of IoT are
likely to expand, leading to further integration of smart devices into our daily lives.

2. What are the main factors to consider when developing an online retail presence?
E-commerce:
The main factors to consider when developing an e-commerce presence are management, software,
hardware architecture, design, telecommunications, and human resources. These are the main areas
where decisions will need to be made in order to develop a successful e-commerce presence.

MR bởi ChatGPT:

​ Management:
● Business Model: Define your e-commerce business model, whether it's B2C, B2B, or a
marketplace.
● Strategic Planning: Develop a comprehensive business strategy, including marketing,
sales, and customer service plans.
​ Software:
● E-commerce Platform: Choose a robust e-commerce platform that suits your business
needs (e.g., Shopify, Magento, WooCommerce).
 ● Payment Gateway: Integrate secure and user-friendly payment gateways for smooth
transactions.
​ Hardware Architecture:
● Scalable Infrastructure: Select a scalable hosting solution to handle traffic growth and
ensure optimal performance.
● Data Security: Implement secure hardware configurations to protect customer data and
transactions.
​ Design:
● User Interface (UI): Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface for easy navigation.
● User Experience (UX): Enhance the overall user experience to keep visitors engaged and
encourage conversions.
● Responsive Design: Ensure that the website is accessible and functions well across
various devices.
​ Telecommunications:
● High-Speed Internet: Ensure a reliable and high-speed internet connection for smooth
website operations.
● Mobile Optimization: Optimize the website for mobile devices, considering the increasing
use of smartphones for online shopping.
​ Human Resources:
● E-commerce Team: Assemble a skilled team to manage various aspects, including
marketing, customer service, and technical support.
● Training: Provide training for staff to ensure they are proficient in using e-commerce tools
and platforms.

A1: (ngắn)
When developing an online retail presence, focus on a user-friendly website, high-quality product
presentation, and secure transactions. Efficient inventory management, transparent shipping policies,
and accessible customer support are crucial. Optimize for search engines, integrate social media, and
prioritize data security. Use analytics for insights, choose scalable technology, and maintain consistent
branding. Employ effective marketing strategies, ensure legal compliance, and engage customers
through personalization and loyalty programs. These considerations collectively contribute to a
seamless, trustworthy, and scalable online retail experience.

A2: (dài)
Developing a successful online retail presence involves considering various factors to create a seamless
and appealing shopping experience. Here are key considerations:

● User-Friendly Website: Create an intuitive and easy-to-navigate website with clear categories,
product pages, and a simple checkout process. Ensure mobile responsiveness to cater to users
on various devices.
● Product Presentation: Use high-quality images and detailed product descriptions. Provide
information on product features, specifications, and benefits to help customers make informed
decisions.
● Secure Online Transactions: Implement SSL certification to encrypt data and secure online
transactions. Offer diverse payment options and use trusted payment gateways to enhance
security.
● Inventory Management: Maintain accurate and real-time inventory updates to prevent overselling
or stockouts. Clearly communicate backorder details and expected restock dates to manage
customer expectations.
 ● Shipping and Returns: Clearly state shipping costs, delivery times, and return policies. Offer
multiple shipping options to accommodate various customer preferences.
● Customer Support: Provide accessible customer support through live chat, email, or phone.
Display contact information prominently to encourage customer inquiries.
● Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Optimize product descriptions and website content for
relevant keywords. Use meta tags and descriptions to enhance search engine visibility and attract
organic traffic.
● Social Media Integration: Leverage social media platforms by creating shareable content and
integrating social media buttons on your website. Display customer reviews and testimonials to
build trust.
● Data Security and Privacy: Clearly communicate privacy policies, assuring customers that their
data is secure. Adhere to data protection regulations and compliance standards.
● Analytics and Reporting: Utilize web analytics tools to track website traffic, user behavior, and
sales performance. Generate reports to analyze trends and make informed business decisions.
● Scalability: Choose a scalable platform that can accommodate future growth in terms of
products and customer base. Stay updated with technological advancements to remain
competitive.
● Branding and Design: Maintain consistent branding across the website with a professional and
visually appealing design. Ensure that the design aligns with your brand identity.
● Marketing and Promotion: Implement email marketing campaigns for promotions and updates.
Offer discounts and special deals to attract customers. Utilize digital marketing channels to
increase visibility.
● Legal Compliance: Clearly outline terms and conditions of use. Ensure compliance with
e-commerce and consumer protection laws to build trust with customers.
● Customer Engagement: Implement personalization features such as product recommendations
based on customer preferences. Introduce loyalty programs to reward repeat customers and
foster brand loyalty.

By addressing these factors, online retailers can create a robust online presence, enhance customer
satisfaction, and build a loyal customer base in the competitive e-commerce landscape.

3. How does the ubiquity of Online retail impact consumers?

E-commerce:
From a consumer point of view, ubiquity reduces transaction costs- the costs of participating in a
market. To transact, it is no longer necessary that you spend time and money traveling to a market. At a
broader level, the ubiquity of e-commerce lowers the cognitive energy or the mental effort required to
transact in a marketspace

A1 (GG):
The ubiquity of e-commerce has had a profound impact on consumers. It has made shopping more
convenient and accessible than ever before. In addition, it has also created a new level of competition
among businesses. As a result, consumers have more choice and businesses have to work harder to
stand out from the crowd.

There are both positive and negative aspects to the ubiquity of e-commerce. On the positive side, it is
easier than ever for consumers to find what they are looking for online. They can compare prices and
products with the click of a button and make purchase decisions quickly and easily. In addition,
businesses can reach a larger audience with their products and services than ever before.
On the downside, the ubiquity of e-commerce can create information overload for consumers. With so
many choices available, it can be difficult to know where to start or how to narrow down the options. In
addition, businesses may find it difficult to keep up with the competition and stand out from the crowd.

The ubiquity of e-commerce is here to stay. It is important for businesses to understand both the positive
and negative aspects of this trend in order to make the most of it. And, more importantly, it is important
for consumers to be aware of the pros and cons so that they can make informed purchase decisions.

A2:
The ubiquity of online retail profoundly impacts consumers by offering unparalleled convenience, diverse
product selection, and competitive pricing. Consumers benefit from personalized experiences,
convenient payment options, and efficient customer service. The global market is accessible, shifting
consumer behavior towards online shopping. However, this ubiquity challenges traditional retail,
influences local businesses, and emphasizes the importance of reviews. It has raised expectations for
fast shipping and seamless experiences, shaping the modern consumer landscape.

A3:
The ubiquity of online retail has a profound impact on consumers in several ways:

​ Convenience and Accessibility:

● Consumers can shop from anywhere at any time, providing unparalleled convenience.
● Access to a wide range of products from various sellers is at consumers' fingertips.
​ Increased Competition and Price Transparency:
● The abundance of online retailers fosters competition, leading to better prices for
consumers.
● Consumers can easily compare prices, features, and reviews before making purchase
decisions.
​ Diverse Product Selection:
● Online retail offers a vast array of products, including niche and specialty items that may
not be readily available in local stores.
● Consumers have the opportunity to discover and explore a broader range of products.
​ Personalized Shopping Experience:
● Online platforms use data analytics to personalize recommendations, offers, and
promotions based on consumer preferences and behavior.
● This enhances the overall shopping experience, making it more tailored to individual
needs.
​ Convenient Payment Options:
● Online retail provides various secure payment options, from credit cards to digital wallets,
offering flexibility to consumers.
● The ease of online transactions contributes to a seamless shopping process.
​ Efficient Customer Service:
● Online retailers often offer accessible customer service through live chat, email, or phone,
addressing consumer queries promptly.
● The availability of reviews and ratings aids in making informed purchase decisions.
​ Global Market Access:
● Consumers can access products from around the world, opening up global markets.
● This global access provides consumers with choices and influences the availability of
diverse products.
 ​ Shift in Shopping Behavior:
● The ubiquity of online retail has led to a shift in consumer shopping behavior, with many
preferring the convenience of online shopping over traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
​ Impact on Local Retailers:
● The rise of online retail has influenced local retailers, challenging traditional business
models and requiring adaptation to the changing consumer landscape.
​ Emphasis on Reviews and Social Proof:
● Consumers rely on reviews, ratings, and social proof available online to assess the quality
and reliability of products and sellers.
● This emphasis on feedback shapes consumer trust and decision-making.
​ Challenges for Physical Retail:
● Traditional retail faces challenges as consumers increasingly turn to online platforms,
impacting foot traffic and sales in physical stores.
​ Influence on Consumer Expectations:
● The ubiquity of online retail has raised consumer expectations regarding fast shipping,
easy returns, and a seamless online shopping experience.

In summary, the ubiquity of online retail empowers consumers with convenience, choice, and competitive
pricing, transforming the way people shop and influencing their expectations and behaviors.

4. Describe the three different stages in the evolution of e-commerce / online retail.
E-commerce:
The three different stages in the evolution of e-commerce:
● Invention took place from 1950-2000 and was characterised by excitement and idealistic visions
markets in which quality information was equally available to both buyers and merchants.
E-commerce did not fulfill these visions during its early yers, however . After, 2000 , E-commerce
entered its 2nd stage of development -consolidation . In this stage i.e Consolidation ,more
traditional firms began to use the Web to enhance their existing businesses. Less emphasis was
placed on creating new brands. In 2006, though. e-commerce entered its current stage i.e
reinvention , a socia networking and Web 2.0 apllicantions reinvigorated e-commerce and
encouraged the development of new business models.

● Invention: Web (HTMPL standard ) becomes a huge hit. Driven largely by visions of profiting from
new technology. Firms aimed to be the "first mover".
● Consolidation: Shifted to business driven , rather than technolgy driven. Brand extension and
strengthening became more important than creating new ones. Marketing was targeted to user
queries.
● Reinvention: Re revolutionized by a social media boom . Widespread adoption of mibile devices,
much more powerful tools for personal marketing . Few of the firms have been able to monetize
their large audience.

A1:
The three stages of e-commerce evolution are innovation, consolidation, and reinvention.
● Stage 1: E-commerce 1995 – 2000: Invention (Retail): The early years of e-commerce were a
period of explosive growth and extraordinary innovation. During this Invention period,
e-commerce meant selling retail goods, usually quite simple goods, on the Internet. The early
years of e-commerce were one of the most euphoric times in commercial history. It was also a
time when key e-commerce concepts were developed.
 ● Stage 2: E-commerce 2001 – 2006: Consolidation (Retail + Services): a sobering period of
reassessment of e-commerce occurred, with many critics doubting its long-term
prospects.Emphasis shifted to a more “business-driven” approach rather than being technology
driven;large traditional firms learned how to use the Web to strengthen their market positions;
brand extension and strengthening became more important than creating new brands.
● Stage 3: E-commerce 2007 – present: Reinvention (Retail + Services + Content): e-commerce has
been transformed yet again by the rapid growth of Web 2.0. This period can be seen as botha
sociological, as well as a technological and business phenomenon

5. Why is the term “sharing economy” a misnomer?

● The sharing economy is a broad term that encompasses a variety of activities, including
ride-sharing, home-sharing, and peer-to-peer lending. These activities are facilitated by online
platforms such as Uber, Airbnb, and Lending Club, which connect individuals who have resources
to share with those who need them.
● The term 'sharing economy' is derived from the idea that individuals are sharing resources with
one another, rather than buying and owning them outright. For example, instead of owning a car,
individuals can use a ride-sharing service like Uber to share a ride with someone who is going in
the same direction. Similarly, instead of staying in a hotel, individuals can use a home-sharing
service like Airbnb to share a room or apartment with someone who has extra space.
● While the term 'sharing economy' implies a sense of community and altruism, some argue that
this is not always the case. For example, individuals who rent out their homes on Airbnb may be
motivated by financial gain rather than a desire to share their space with others. Similarly,
individuals who use ride-sharing services like Uber may be more interested in the convenience
and cost savings than in sharing a ride with someone else.
● While the term 'sharing economy' may be a misnomer in some cases, it is still a useful way to
describe the trend of individuals sharing resources and services with one another through online
platforms. Whether or not these transactions are truly 'sharing' is up for debate, but there is no
denying that they are changing the way we think about ownership and consumption.

6. What does omni-channel mean in terms of e-commerce / online retail presence?

E-commerce:
● The advent of the term omni-channel signals the evolution of multi-channel or cross- channel
retailing to encompass all digital and social technologies.
● The idea is that customers can examine, access, purchase, and return goods from any channel,
and even change channels during the process, and receive timely and relevant product
information at each step along the way and in each channel.
● The rise of social networks and the personalized retail it engenders is a primary driver of
omnichannel—the complete integration of the shopping and brand experience.
● Marketing efforts must be unified undertakings combining offline events and sales and online
promotions and brand building that not only employ all available channels but provide multiple
opportunities for customer involvement.