Pearson Edexcel International

Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced
Level in Mathematics,
Further Mathematics
and Pure Mathematics
Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables

For use in Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary

and Advanced Level examinations

Pure Mathematics P1 – P4
Further Pure Mathematics FP1 – FP3
Mechanics M1 – M3
Statistics S1 – S3

First examination from January 2019

Issue 2

This copy is the property of Pearson. It is not to be removed from the

examination room or marked in any way.

P59773RA
©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
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ISBN 978 1 4469 4983 2

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© Pearson Education Limited 2021
Summary of Pearson Edexcel International Advanced
Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further
Mathematics and Pure Mathematics Mathematical
Formulae and Statistical Tables Booklet
Issue 2 changes
Page
Summary of changes made between previous issue and this current issue
number
The following sentence has been removed as it only applies to reflections, not rotations 6
and it is confusing to have it in this section:
In FP1, θ will be a multiple of 45°.
Under heading Conics, the following formula for the ellipse in the standard form: 9
x2 y2
+ =1
a2 a2
has been corrected as follows:
x2 y2
+ =1
a2 b2
Formulae on lines 6–8 in the list of Integration have been corrected from: 10

to show formulae on lines 6–9 as follows:

1  x
arcosh   ,   ln{x + x 2 − a 2 }   (x > a)
x2 − a2  a

1  x
arsinh   ,   ln{x + x2 + a2 }
a + x2
2  a

1 1 a+x 1  x
ln = artanh      (| x | < a)
a2 − x2 2a a − x a  a

1 1 x−a
ln
x2 − a2 2a x + a

Under heading Mechanics M1, the statement ‘Candidates sitting M1 may also require 13
those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics P1’ has been expanded to read
‘Candidates sitting M1 may also require those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics
P1 and P2.’
 Page
Summary of changes made between previous issue and this current issue
number
Under heading Statistics S1, the following statement has been added: ‘Candidates sitting 14
S1 may also require those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics P1 and P2.’
Under heading Correlation and regression, the following formula: 15

(∑ xi )(∑ yi )
Sxy ∑ ( xi − x )( yi − y ) ∑ xi yi −
r = = = n
SxxS yy {∑ ( xi − x ) 2 }{∑ ( yi − y ) 2 }  (∑ xi )  
2
(∑ yi ) 2 
 ∑ xi − ∑ yi −
2 2
n   n 

has been corrected as follows:

(∑ xi )(∑ yi )
Sxy ∑ ( xi − x )( yi − y ) ∑ xi yi −
r = = = n
SxxS yy {∑ ( xi − x ) 2 }{∑ ( yi − y ) 2 }  (∑ xi )  
2
(∑ yi ) 2 
 ∑ x 2
− ∑ y 2
−
i
n   i
n 

Under heading Statistics S3, the statement ‘Candidates sitting S3 may also require those 25
formulae listed under Statistics S1 and S2’ has been expanded to read ‘Candidates
sitting S3 may also require those formulae listed under Statistics S1 and S2, and Pure
Mathematics P1, P2, P3 and P4.’
Under heading Sampling distributions, the following formula: 25

has been corrected as follows:

( X − Y ) − ( μx − μ y )
∼ N(0, 1)
σ x2 σ y2
+
nx ny

In the table Random Numbers, spacing between numbers shown has been adjusted to 28
make them easier to read.

If you need further information on these changes or what they mean, contact us via our website at:
qualifications.pearson.com/en/support/contact-us.html
Pure Mathematics P1
Mensuration
Surface area of sphere = 4 πr 2

Area of curved surface of cone = πr × slant height

Cosine rule
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A

Pure Mathematics P2
Arithmetic series
un = a + (n − 1)d

1 1
Sn = n(a + l) = n[2a + (n − 1)d ]
2 2

Geometric series
un = ar n − 1

a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1− r
a
S∞ = for | r | < 1
1− r

Logarithms and exponentials

log b x
loga x =
log b a

Binomial series
 n  n  n
(a + b) n = a n +   a n − 1b +   a n − 2b 2 + … +   a n − rb r + … + b n   (n ∈ )
 1  2  r
 n n!
where   = n Cr =
 r r !(n − r )!

n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1) (n − r + 1) r

(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x +…+ x + …   (| x | < 1, n ∈ )
1× 2 1× 2 ×× r

Numerical integration
b 1 b−a
The trapezium rule: ∫a
y dx ≈
2
h{(y0 + yn ) + 2( y1 + y2 + ... + yn − 1)}, where h =
n

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure 3
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Pure Mathematics P3
Candidates sitting Pure Mathematics P3 may also require those formulae listed under
Pure Mathematics P1 and P2.

Logarithms and exponentials

e x ln a = a x

Trigonometric identities

sin (A ± B) ≡ sin A cos B ± cos A sin B

cos (A ± B) ≡ cos A cos B sin A sin B

±

tan A ± tan B   1 
tan(A ± B) ≡      A  B  k    
1  tan A tan B   2 

A+ B A−B
sin A + sin B ≡ 2 sin cos
2 2

A+ B A−B
sin A − sin B ≡ 2 cos sin
2 2

A+ B A−B
cos A + cos B ≡ 2 cos cos
2 2

A+ B A−B
cos A − cos B ≡ −2 sin sin
2 2

Differentiation

f (x) f ′(x)
tan kx k sec2 kx
sec x sec x tan x
cot x − cosec2 x
cosec x − cosec x cot x
f ( x) f ' ( x) g ( x) − f ( x) g' ( x)
g( x) (g ( x)) 2

4 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Mechanics M1
There are no formulae given for M1 in addition to those candidates are expected to know.
Candidates sitting M1 may also require those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics P1 and P2.

Mechanics M2
Candidates sitting M2 may also require those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics P1, P2, P3 and P4.

Centres of mass
For uniform bodies:

2
Triangular lamina: along median from vertex
3

r sin α
Circular arc, radius r, angle at centre 2α : from centre
α

2r sin α
Sector of circle, radius r, angle at centre 2α : from centre
3α

Mechanics M3
Candidates sitting M3 may also require those formulae listed under Mechanics M2, and
Pure Mathematics P1, P2, P3 and P4.

Motion in a circle
Transverse velocity: v = rθ̇
Transverse acceleration: v̇ = rθ̈
v2
Radial acceleration: −rθ̇ 2 = −
r
Centres of mass
For uniform bodies:
3
Solid hemisphere, radius r: r from centre
8
1
Hemispherical shell, radius r: r from centre
2
1
Solid cone or pyramid of height h: h above the base on the line from centre of base to vertex
4
1
Conical shell of height h: h above the base on the line from centre of base to vertex
3

Universal law of gravitation

Gm1m2
Force =
d2
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure 13
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Statistics S1
Candidates sitting S1 may also require those formulae listed under Pure Mathematics P1 and P2.

Probability
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B | A)
P( B A)P( A)
P(A | B) =
P( B A)P( A) + P( B A' )P( A' )

Discrete distributions
For a discrete random variable X taking values xi with probabilities P(X = xi)

Expectation (mean): E(X ) = μ = ∑ xi P(X = xi)

Variance: Var(X ) = σ 2 = ∑(xi − μ)2 P(X = xi) = ∑ xi2 P(X = xi) − μ 2

For a function g(X ) : E(g(X )) = ∑g(xi) P(X = xi)

Continuous distributions
Standard continuous distribution:

Distribution of X P.D.F. Mean Variance

1 x− μ 2
1 −  
Normal N(μ, σ ) 2
e 2 σ  μ σ2
σ 2π

14 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Correlation and regression
For a set of n pairs of values (xi , yi)

(∑ xi ) 2
Sxx = ∑(xi − x)2 = ∑ xi2 −
n

(∑ yi ) 2
Syy = ∑( yi − y)2 = ∑ yi2 −
n

(∑ xi )(∑ yi )
Sxy = ∑(xi − x)(yi − y) = ∑xi yi −
n

The product moment correlation coefficient is

(∑ xi )(∑ yi )
Sxy ∑ ( xi − x )( yi − y ) ∑ xi yi −
r = = = n
SxxS yy {∑ ( xi − x ) 2 }{∑ ( yi − y ) 2 }  (∑ xi )  
2
(∑ yi ) 2 
 ∑ xi − ∑ yi −
2 2
n   n 

The regression coefficient of y on x is b 

Sxy  ( xi  x )( yi  y )

Sxx  ( xi  x )2

Least squares regression line of y on x is y = a + bx where a = y − bx

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure 15
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
The Normal Distribution Function
z 1
1 − t2
The function tabulated below is Φ(z), defined as Φ(z) =
2π
∫
−∞
e 2 dt .

z Φ(z) z Φ(z) z Φ(z) z Φ(z) z Φ(z)

0.00 0.5000 0.50 0.6915 1.00 0.8413 1.50 0.9332 2.00 0.9772
0.01 0.5040 0.51 0.6950 1.01 0.8438 1.51 0.9345 2.02 0.9783
0.02 0.5080 0.52 0.6985 1.02 0.8461 1.52 0.9357 2.04 0.9793
0.03 0.5120 0.53 0.7019 1.03 0.8485 1.53 0.9370 2.06 0.9803
0.04 0.5160 0.54 0.7054 1.04 0.8508 1.54 0.9382 2.08 0.9812
0.05 0.5199 0.55 0.7088 1.05 0.8531 1.55 0.9394 2.10 0.9821
0.06 0.5239 0.56 0.7123 1.06 0.8554 1.56 0.9406 2.12 0.9830
0.07 0.5279 0.57 0.7157 1.07 0.8577 1.57 0.9418 2.14 0.9838
0.08 0.5319 0.58 0.7190 1.08 0.8599 1.58 0.9429 2.16 0.9846
0.09 0.5359 0.59 0.7224 1.09 0.8621 1.59 0.9441 2.18 0.9854
0.10 0.5398 0.60 0.7257 1.10 0.8643 1.60 0.9452 2.20 0.9861
0.11 0.5438 0.61 0.7291 1.11 0.8665 1.61 0.9463 2.22 0.9868
0.12 0.5478 0.62 0.7324 1.12 0.8686 1.62 0.9474 2.24 0.9875
0.13 0.5517 0.63 0.7357 1.13 0.8708 1.63 0.9484 2.26 0.9881
0.14 0.5557 0.64 0.7389 1.14 0.8729 1.64 0.9495 2.28 0.9887
0.15 0.5596 0.65 0.7422 1.15 0.8749 1.65 0.9505 2.30 0.9893
0.16 0.5636 0.66 0.7454 1.16 0.8770 1.66 0.9515 2.32 0.9898
0.17 0.5675 0.67 0.7486 1.17 0.8790 1.67 0.9525 2.34 0.9904
0.18 0.5714 0.68 0.7517 1.18 0.8810 1.68 0.9535 2.36 0.9909
0.19 0.5753 0.69 0.7549 1.19 0.8830 1.69 0.9545 2.38 0.9913
0.20 0.5793 0.70 0.7580 1.20 0.8849 1.70 0.9554 2.40 0.9918
0.21 0.5832 0.71 0.7611 1.21 0.8869 1.71 0.9564 2.42 0.9922
0.22 0.5871 0.72 0.7642 1.22 0.8888 1.72 0.9573 2.44 0.9927
0.23 0.5910 0.73 0.7673 1.23 0.8907 1.73 0.9582 2.46 0.9931
0.24 0.5948 0.74 0.7704 1.24 0.8925 1.74 0.9591 2.48 0.9934
0.25 0.5987 0.75 0.7734 1.25 0.8944 1.75 0.9599 2.50 0.9938
0.26 0.6026 0.76 0.7764 1.26 0.8962 1.76 0.9608 2.55 0.9946
0.27 0.6064 0.77 0.7794 1.27 0.8980 1.77 0.9616 2.60 0.9953
0.28 0.6103 0.78 0.7823 1.28 0.8997 1.78 0.9625 2.65 0.9960
0.29 0.6141 0.79 0.7852 1.29 0.9015 1.79 0.9633 2.70 0.9965
0.30 0.6179 0.80 0.7881 1.30 0.9032 1.80 0.9641 2.75 0.9970
0.31 0.6217 0.81 0.7910 1.31 0.9049 1.81 0.9649 2.80 0.9974
0.32 0.6255 0.82 0.7939 1.32 0.9066 1.82 0.9656 2.85 0.9978
0.33 0.6293 0.83 0.7967 1.33 0.9082 1.83 0.9664 2.90 0.9981
0.34 0.6331 0.84 0.7995 1.34 0.9099 1.84 0.9671 2.95 0.9984
0.35 0.6368 0.85 0.8023 1.35 0.9115 1.85 0.9678 3.00 0.9987
0.36 0.6406 0.86 0.8051 1.36 0.9131 1.86 0.9686 3.05 0.9989
0.37 0.6443 0.87 0.8078 1.37 0.9147 1.87 0.9693 3.10 0.9990
0.38 0.6480 0.88 0.8106 1.38 0.9162 1.88 0.9699 3.15 0.9992
0.39 0.6517 0.89 0.8133 1.39 0.9177 1.89 0.9706 3.20 0.9993
0.40 0.6554 0.90 0.8159 1.40 0.9192 1.90 0.9713 3.25 0.9994
0.41 0.6591 0.91 0.8186 1.41 0.9207 1.91 0.9719 3.30 0.9995
0.42 0.6628 0.92 0.8212 1.42 0.9222 1.92 0.9726 3.35 0.9996
0.43 0.6664 0.93 0.8238 1.43 0.9236 1.93 0.9732 3.40 0.9997
0.44 0.6700 0.94 0.8264 1.44 0.9251 1.94 0.9738 3.50 0.9998
0.45 0.6736 0.95 0.8289 1.45 0.9265 1.95 0.9744 3.60 0.9998
0.46 0.6772 0.96 0.8315 1.46 0.9279 1.96 0.9750 3.70 0.9999
0.47 0.6808 0.97 0.8340 1.47 0.9292 1.97 0.9756 3.80 0.9999
0.48 0.6844 0.98 0.8365 1.48 0.9306 1.98 0.9761 3.90 1.0000
0.49 0.6879 0.99 0.8389 1.49 0.9319 1.99 0.9767 4.00 1.0000
0.50 0.6915 1.00 0.8413 1.50 0.9332 2.00 0.9772

16 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Percentage Points Of The Normal Distribution
The values z in the table are those which a random variable Z ∼ N(0, 1) exceeds with probability p;
that is, P(Z > z) = 1 − Φ(z) = p.

p z p z
0.5000 0.0000 0.0500 1.6449
0.4000 0.2533 0.0250 1.9600
0.3000 0.5244 0.0100 2.3263
0.2000 0.8416 0.0050 2.5758
0.1500 1.0364 0.0010 3.0902
0.1000 1.2816 0.0005 3.2905

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure 17
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Statistics S3
Candidates sitting S3 may also require those formulae listed under Statistics S1 and S2, and Pure
Mathematics P1, P2, P3 and P4.

Expectation algebra
For independent random variables X and Y

E(XY ) = E(X ) E(Y ),  Var(aX ± bY ) = a2 Var(X ) + b2 Var(Y )

Sampling distributions
For a random sample X1, X2, …, Xn of n independent observations from a distribution having
mean μ and variance σ 2

σ2
X is an unbiased estimator of μ, with Var(X ) =
n

∑ ( X i − X )2
S 2 is an unbiased estimator of σ 2, where S 2 =
n −1

For a random sample of n observations from N(μ, σ 2)

X −μ
∼ N(0, 1)
σ n

For a random sample of nx observations from N(μx, σ 2x ) and, independently, a random sample of ny
observations from N(μy, σ 2y )

( X − Y ) − ( μx − μ y )
∼ N(0, 1)
σ x2 σ y2
+
nx ny

Correlation and regression

6∑ d 2
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is rs = 1 −
n(n 2 − 1)

Non-parametric tests

∑
(Oi − Ei ) 2
Goodness-of-fit test and contingency tables: ∼ χ 2ν
Ei

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure 25
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021
Percentage Points Of The χ 2 Distribution Function
The values in the table are those which a random variable with the χ 2 distribution on ν degrees of
freedom exceeds with the probability shown.

ν 0.995 0.990 0.975 0.950 0.900 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.705 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.832 15.086 16.750
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.580 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.042 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.558
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928
26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.194 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.088 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672

26 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics and Pure
Mathematics – Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables – Issue 2 – January 2021 © Pearson Education Limited 2021