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27 QUESTIONS, 32 MINUTES

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 1. When the woman struggles from her sick- bed for the last time to bring *0/1
her custom- ers their laundry, Singer is not _________about the impression
she made on him. He says clearly that he cannot imagine such a per- son
being turned away from paradise.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

A) scrutinizing

B) lucid

C) laudable

D) evasive

Câu trả lời đúng

D) evasive

2. At first, the _____of Thurber's prose pieces made critics reluctant to *1/1
examine his work in depth. They didn't believe that short, comic sketches
deserved the same critical attention a novel would receive.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

A) connotation

B) affluence

C) brevity

D) embellishment
3. When Peesunt's brothers find her, the Bear Man shows his _______ *1/1
nature by letting them kill him. He was so noble that he couldn't let his
wife remain unhappy.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word
or phrase?

A) fulminating

B) coherent

C) inexplicable

D) quixotic
4. The basic properties of friction are simple to grasp. To move a solid *1/1
object from rest on top of a solid surface, a minimum force has to be
applied to overcame the force of friction. This force is proportional to the
compressive force pushing the two surfaces together, in this case the
weight of the object. Intriguingly, this minimum force is independent of
the area of contact between the body and the surface. So the friction
force on a rectangular solid resting on a table is the same whichever face
is in contact with the surface. These laws have been known since the mid
1700s. It is one of the dirty little secrets of physics that while we
physicists can tell you a lot about quarks, quasars and other exotica,
there is still no universally accepted explanation of the basic laws of
friction.
According to the text, what is the current state of scientists'
understanding of friction?

A) Friction's strength can be calculated by computer programs based on the

standard theory of friction.

B) Friction between rough surfaces is better understood than friction between

smooth surfaces.

C) Friction between clean surfaces is better understood than friction between dirty
surfaces.

D) Friction's properties are familiar, but its explanation remains elusive.

5. In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health *1/1
problem, especially among children. In one region, agriculturists are
attempting to improve nutrition by encouragihg farmers to plant a new
variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta- carotene, which
the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success,
since sweet potato is a staple of the region's diet and agriculture, and the
varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that
the plan will succeed?

A) The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently

cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.

B) The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes
in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when
prepared from SPK004.

C) There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-
carotene than SPK004 is.

D) The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some
important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
 6. This passage is adapted from Elizabeth Gilbert, Stern Men. 1 2000 by *0/1
Elizabeth Gilbert. Ruth Thomas spent her childhood on Fort Niles Island
with her father and now, as a teenager, attends a boarding school
arranged for by her mother.
More than anything, Ruth’s passion for Fort Niles an expression of
protest. It was her resistance against those who would send her away,
supposedly for her own good. Ruth would have much preferred to
determine what was good for her. She had great confidence that she
knew herself best and that, given free rein, would have made more correct
choices. She certainly wouldn’t have elected to send herself to an elite
private school hundreds of miles away, where girls were concerned
primarily with the care of their skin and horses. No horses for Ruth, thank
you. She was not that kind of girl. She was more rugged.
According to the text, Ruth insists to her mother that she loves Fort Niles
primarily in order to

A) show her displeasure with decisions made on her behalf.

B) prevent unwanted intrusion into her social life.

C) criticize her mother for her conventionality.

D) test the limits of established parental authority.

Câu trả lời đúng

A) show her displeasure with decisions made on her behalf.

 7. History shows that broad international treaties usually fail to find *0/1
solutions to difficult problems. That is because these pacts normally
reflect the interests of their least enthusiastic members and are often
codified through weak commitments with easy escape clauses for
governments that will not readily honor their agreements. Pushing
tougher constraints on unwilling governments rarely works because
reluctant nations can just remain aloof, as most developing countries and
the U.S. have in the Kyoto process.
The author makes which claim about international climate treaties?

A) They are difficult to enforce because of the lack of international regulatory

bodies.

B) They tend to be hard to achieve but effective once implemented.

C) They are generally constrained by the approach preferred by the participants

least committed to addressing climate change.

D) They typically fail because the restrictions that they put on emissions lead to
economic contraction rather than to economic growth.

Câu trả lời đúng

C) They are generally constrained by the approach preferred by the participants

least committed to addressing climate change.
8. Carter and Weber created videotapes of eight business students *1/1
interviewing for a job. Half of the interviewees told the truth throughout
the interview, while the other half was instructed to tell three significant
lies apiece.
Carter and Weber recruited a group of people to watch the videos. Several
days beforehand, they had completed a survey about whether they were
generally skeptical or trusting of others. After watching the videos, the
participants placed their bets about which candidates lied and which told
the truth, and then made a choice about which ones they would hire. The
results were surprising. The more trusting evaluators better identified the
liars among the group than the skeptics did, and were also less likely to
hire those liars.
Based on the text, what is indicated by the study of people who watched
the interview videos?

A) Skeptics are quite hard to distinguish from people who are trusting of others.

B) About half of job applicants are truthful in their interviews and about half are
deceitful

C) Individuals who are trusting tend to make more informed hiring decisions
than do those who are sceptical

D) Trying to predict the outcome of science research is unlikely to enhance the

results of the research
9. Because the Dales Gorge BIF has plenty of oxygen-rich hematite, *1/1
earlier researchers concluded that oxygen gas from the atmosphere must
have already been dissolved in the ocean and in the underlying sediments
2.5 billion years ago, when the makings of this BIF first settled to the
ocean bottom. But the Australian researchers see signs that the BIF’s
hematite appeared later. Other iron-rich minerals—ones that, unlike
hematite, form in the absence of oxygen gas—were there in the original
seafioor sediments, the group argues. But they conclude that this iron
was probably not oxidized, producing the hematite, until about 300 million
years later, after tectonic forces crumpled the sea floor into mountains
and drove oxygen-laden water down into the rock.
The purpose of the underlined sentence is to

A) support earlier research of BIF.

B) introduce the unexpected conclusion from the Dales Gorge study.

C) show that the researchers are inherently biased against the study.

D) provide evidence which is later proved false.

10. When a worker finds a new potential home, it judges the quality for *1/1
itself. Temnothorax ants love dark nests, in particular; with fewer holes,
it’s easier to control their temperature or defend them. If the worker
decides that it likes the spot, it returns to the colony and leads a single
follower to the new location. If the follower agrees, it does the same.
Through these “tandem-runs,” sites build up support, and better ones do
so more quickly than poorer ones. When enough ants have been
convinced of the worth of a site, their migration gathers pace. Workers
just start picking up their nestmates and carrying them to the new site.
The author uses the term "tandem-runs" to convey a sense of how

A) The behaviors of individual ants contribute to a collective action

B) The efforts of individual ants are sometimes negated

C) An individual ant deserts its colony and joins another

D) A colony of ants works together to build its nest

11. The main result [of work over the past 15 years] is that any time you *1/1
look at starburst and merging galaxies, you see very rich systems of
young, compact clusters,” Chandar explains. “The most massive end of
these, the brightest end, has all the properties—masses, sizes, current
luminosities—we would expect of young globular clusters.” If we could
look at these massive young clusters far in the future, when the universe
is twice its current age, they’d resemble the globular clusters we see
orbiting the Milky Way today. Moreover, these objects aren’t unique to
disturbed galactic environments. They occur in normal spirals.
What does the text state about the young globular clusters seen in
starburst and merging galaxies?

A) They are composed entirely of stars that ore more massive than the Sun.

B) They will eventually dissipate, and their stars will spread through the host galaxy.

C) They contain stars with a variety of chemical compositions.

D) They will someday resemble the globular cluster we see today in the Milky
Way.
12. Text 1 *1/1
Our food now travels an average of 1,500 miles before ending up on our
plates. This globalization of the food supply has serious consequences
for the environment, our health, our communities and our tastebuds.
Much of the food grown in the breadbasket surrounding us must be
shipped across the country to distribution centers before it makes its way
back to our supermarket shelves. Because uncounted costs of this long-
distance journey (air pollution and global warming, the ecological costs
of large-scale monoculture, the loss of family farms and local community
dollars) are not paid for at the checkout counter, many of us do not think
about them at all.
Text 2
Just how much carbon dioxide is emitted by transporting food from farm
to fork? Pierre Desrochers and Hiroko Shimizu cite a comprehensive
study done by the United Kingdom's Department of Environment, Food
and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) which reported that 82 percent of food miles
were generated within the U.K. Consumer shopping trips accounted for
48 percent and trucking for 31 percent of British food miles. Air freight
amounted to less than 1 percent of food miles. In total, food
transportation accounted for only 1.8 percent of Britain's carbon dioxide
emissions.
Based on the texts, how would Desrochers and Shimizu (Text 2) most
likely describe the view presented in Text 1?

A. It is strongly supported by data compiled by DEFRA.

B. It overstates the effects of transporting food on the environment.

C. It appears justified by preliminary findings but has not yet definitively proven.

D It is highly implausible because most consumers do not consider the source of

their food.
13. Seals are among the few mammals other than humans that are *0/1
capable of learning new types of vocalizations. Whereas it is well
established that adult harbor seals can acquire new vocal patterns, until
recently this phenomenon had never been studied in pups. In 2021,
researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and a group
of colleagues conducted a study in which they played a series of pre-
recorded sounds for a group of harbor seal pups ranging from one to
three weeks old. They found that the baby seals were able to modify their
vocalization patterns: overall, the pups lowered the fundamental
frequency (FO) of their calls in response to increased noise. In some
cases, the response with highly pronounced, with the same animal
emitting vocalizations at much lower frequencies in high noise than in
low noise.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to support the
researchers' finding?

A. Seal B emitted vocalizations of 330 Hz in low noise and 300 Hz in high noise.

B. The fundamental frequency of Seal A's vocalizations in high noise was 100 Hz
lower than in low noise.
 C. Whereas the fundamental frequency of Seal A's call was 125 Hz lower in high
noise than in no noise, the frequency of Seal B's call dropped by less than 50 Hz.

D. In both low and high noise, the fundamental frequency of Seal E's call was
around 150 Hz than it was without noise.

Câu trả lời đúng

B. The fundamental frequency of Seal A's vocalizations in high noise was 100 Hz
lower than in low noise.

14. Up close, regal angelfish flash eye-popping bands of yellow, violet, *1/1
and white. But recent studies show that as regals swim against a coral
reef's visually complex background, their contrasting lines merge in a
predator's brain, allowing them to evade capture. According to marine
biologist Gil Rosenthal, as a reef fish retreats, distance and motion can
make it difficult for predators to perceive fine details and distinguish
closely spaced outlines of contrasting colors. Therefore, from far
away,_____
Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. the bright colors of the fish can easily be perceived, even when the water is
clouded by sediment.

B. marine predators must rely on the visual aspects of their prey.

C. spots and stripes blur together, allowing even stationary fish to merge into
the background.

D. the fish appear as a single mass rather than a group of individual creatures.
15. In 2010, the company ProQuest propelled EEBO Interactions, a social- *1/1
networking site where users can discuss texts, share commentary and
queries, and can suggest revisions to the supporting descriptions of
archived materials on EEBO. The site enables "members of this
geographically diverse community to collaborate and learn from one
another," said Dan _____________ at ProQuest.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) Burnstone vice president of arts and humanities publishing

B) Burnstone; vice president of arts and humanities publishing,

C) Burnstone, vice president of arts and humanities publishing

D) Burnstone: vice president of arts and humanities publishing,

16. Shortly after finishing his postdoctoral research, Richard Lenski of *1/1
the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action began the Long-
Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE). In 1988, he placed twelve populations
of Escherichia coli, each of which started from a single, identical bacterial
cell, into twelve flasks that contained a nutrient medium, and then he
showed what happened. Contrary to the traditional view of evolution,
____________ that evolution stops in an unchanging environment, Lenski
had predicted that the bacteria would evolve, or mutate, over time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) holding

B) which holds

C) this holds

D) it holds
 17. Less well known were Nightingale's promotion of statistical analysis *0/1
in the field of medicine, since her famous publication Notes on Nursing,
which has been in print since 1859, does not discuss statistics. By
compiling medical statistics and making __________ comprehensible and
persuasive, Nightingale showed that such information can help shape
public policy and improve the quality of health care.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) it

B) his or hers

C) one

D) them

Câu trả lời đúng

D) them

18. Magnesium, phosphorous, and zinc, which the human body requires *1/1
to carry out its basic functions, cannot be produced internally. ___________
people must obtain them from food and drink.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) Therefore,

B) Nevertheless,

C) Subsequently,

D) To illustrate,
19. While much of mathematics research focuses on developing proofs *1/1
for conjectures, it is often impossible to check that a hypothesis is true in
all cases.
Mathematician Melanie Wood uses statistics to verify these hypotheses.
_________ she develops probabilistic models for natural numbers and
integers to see how they behave on average.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) However,

B) Consequently,

C) Meanwhile,

D) Specifically,

20. The consumption of glucose activates a specific circuit notifying a *1/1

person's brain that sugar is present in the body. Calorie-free artificial
sweeteners, __________ do not have this effect, a fact that likely explains
why many people find diet soft drinks less satisfying than regular ones.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) moreover,

B) therefore,

C) in contrast,

D) for instance,
21. Since the early nineteenth century, doomsayers have gloomily *1/1
predicted that increasing populations would exhaust their food
___________ shortages would result in catastrophic famines. Yet the world
currently produces enough food to feed 10 billion people, and there are
only seven billion of us.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) supplies in only a few decades, they claimed

B) supplies, in only a few decades they claimed

C) supplies. In only a few decades, they claimed,

D) supplies, in only a few decades, they claimed:

22. Many daily decisions are motivated by basic needs, such as earning *1/1
a living or satisfying________decision- making is a complex process that
can be influenced by both internal and external conditions. Factors
ranging from the weather to the presence of other individuals to one's
level of motivation can all play a role.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) hunger, however,

B) hunger. However,

C) hunger, however;

D) hunger however
23. Jane and Maria Porter, who wove fascinating tales out of accounts *1/1
drawn from history books, are often credited with the invention of the
historical novel. __________ certainly the first to achieve critical acclaim
with best-selling novels such Jane's Thaddeus of Warsaw (1803), Maria's
The Hungarian Brothers (1807) and Jane's The Scottish Chiefs (1810)-
books whose protagonists included a mix of real figures and invented
characters.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) She was

B) They were

C) This was

D) Some were

24. Oscar Howe enrolled in the Sante Fe Studio School in his late teens, *1/1
learning the flat style of painting taught there. Although the school
encouraged students to create the kinds of stylized art he would later rail
__________ Howe worked successfully in this style for many years,
gradually loosening its constraints to pursue his own creative interests.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) against,

B) against

C) against—

D) against, but
25. Spiders produce the strongest silks but are too aggressive to be *1/1
farmed. The second-best alternative involves incorporating spider DNA
into silkworms traditionally an expensive and time-consuming process.
Scientists at Tianjin University have demonstrated, however, that when
the silk naturally produced by ___________ its sticky outer layer removed, it
can be made almost twice as strong as spider silk.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) silkworms, has

B) silkworms has

C) silkworms have

D) silkworms, have

26. The world's largest bristlecone pine, the Patriarch Tree, is located in *1/1
Patriarch Grove, California, whose splendid remoteness and moonscape
appearance _______ the landscape a surreal atmosphere. Bristlecone
pines and limber pines dot the landscape with a background view of the
Great Basin in Nevada.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions
of Standard English?

A) has given

B) would give

C) gives

D) give
 27. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: *0/1
• Cai Lun, director of the Imperial Workshop in China, is generally credited
with having created paper in 105 CE.
• According to a legend that developed centuries . later, he was inspired
by a nest of paper wasps.
• He soaked and pressed plant fibers until they lay flat.
• In 2006, archaeologists discovered plant-based specimens with Chinese
characters dating to 8 CE.
• This suggests that paper was made in China before Cai Lun's time.
The student wants to point out that Cai Lun was not the true inventor of
paper to an audience unfamiliar with him. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to achieve this goal?

A) While legend held that Cai Lun was responsible for making the first real paper in
105 C.E., that myth did not develop until hundreds of years later.

B) Twenty-first century findings suggest that paper production actually began in

China as early as 8 C.E. rather than in 105 C.E. as was previous believed.

C) Although the invention of paper is often attributed to Cai Lun, a court official
during the Han Dynasty, his main innovation was to soak and press plant fibers until
they were flat enough to be written on.

D) Cai Lun, a Han Dynasty court official, was said to have been inspired to create
paper after examining a nest of paper wasps.

Câu trả lời đúng

C) Although the invention of paper is often attributed to Cai Lun, a court official
during the Han Dynasty, his main innovation was to soak and press plant fibers until
they were flat enough to be written on.

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