PPD - Academic Writing - Summarising and Paraphrasing

BUSI 1701 Personal and Professional Development
2021-2022
BUSI 1701 Personal
and Professional
Development
Week 3 Lecture -
Paraphrasing
Etiquette/netiquette slide
Outcomes:
By the end of this lesson, you will have:
Understood the purpose of paraphrasing in academic work
Developed your understanding of how to paraphrase well
Including supporting evidence
Academic Writing demonstrates that your work is
rigorous – you show that you have
read the relevant books and articles
and that you can back up the
assertions made in your argument. You
Writing good assignments involves building do this by
a well-structured argument with logical ▪ directly quoting what another
progression, using supporting evidence. academic has said in a book or article
Supporting evidence includes quotations (quoting)
taken directly from other sources, ▪ describing that academic’s work but
paraphrasing someone else’s writing, or putting it in your own words
referring to other published work. (paraphrasing)
▪ stating a fact or research finding and
acknowledging where you found it
(referencing).
(Open University, 2021)

Writing someone else's text in your
How do I use my own words is otherwise known as
own words? paraphrasing and is an essential
skill as it prevents you from
plagiarising the original author's
work.
Simply put, paraphrasing means
that when sharing someone
else's ideas and information, you
do so using your own words.

▪ The golden rule of paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is that you must fully understand
the source information before
attempting to re-write it. Once you
fully comprehend the subject in
hand, you'll be able to confidently
convey the message in your
paraphrasing.

▪ Read and re-read the original
When paraphrasing information you are working from,
absorb the message, set it to one
consider these side, and then try to re-write it in your
own words from memory. This limits
points: the chance of inadvertently
plagiarising the original piece.
▪ Simply replacing words with different
words that have the same
connotation doesn’t mean you've
paraphrased well enough. Beware of
superficial paraphrasing.
▪ When amending the structure,
argument and words, ensure that
what you've written still accurately
conveys the original source.
At its most basic level, paraphrasing
The mechanics of involves three types of changes:
paraphrasing ▪ The words you use (for example,
nouns, adjectives, verbs)
▪ The structure and syntax (for
example, from a passive
construction to an active
construction)
▪ The elements of the original text
(pick the elements that are
applicable and leave the rest).

Then ask these questions:
Read back what ▪ Does it make sense?
you have written. ▪ Does it accurately convey the
original message?
▪ Does it represent your own writing
style?
▪ If you answer no to any of the
above questions, revisit and
rework what you've written.

Let’s look
at some
examples
Paraphrased
Here, the following changes have
Sentence 1 been made:
▪ Order of ideas or words (look for
where 'university' appears)
Original: Universities also place the ▪ Word form (active 'place the
burden of understanding plagiarism and burden on' changed to passive 'to
attribution conventions on students. be passed to')
▪ Synonyms ('understanding'
Paraphrase: The responsibility for changed to 'learning how to',
learning how to reference correctly and 'plagiarism and attribution
avoid plagiarism tends to be passed conventions' changed to
from the university to the students, as 'reference correctly and avoid
Sutherland-Smith (2010:9) found. plagiarism'). Note some key terms
have not been changed.
(UCL, 2021)
Here, the following changes have
Sentence 2 been made:
▪ Order of ideas or words (look for
where 'university' appears)
Original: There are myriad information- ▪ Word form (descriptive 'There are'
laden web-based self-help tutorials and changed to active 'many universities
workshops on related sites for the provide')
universities in this study. ▪ Synonyms (' information-laden web-
based self-help tutorials and
Paraphrase: She also points out workshops on related sites' changed
to 'online self-access resources',
that [...] many universities provide online 'myriad' changed to 'many'). Note
self-access resources for students to try some key terms have not been
to learn more about this area. changed.
▪ Some information has been added, to
help explain the meaning ('for
students to try to learn more about
this area')
(UCL, 2021)
Comment: This sentence was not
Sentence 3 included in the new paraphrase, as
the writer felt it was not important for
their discussion.
Many are excellent resources
and can be helpful.
(UCL, 2021)
Sentence 4
Original: Nevertheless, the lack of Here, the following changes have
additional, detailed individual assistance been made:
about the techniques of engaging in ▪ The information has been divided into
academic writing conventions, particularly for sub-points, to try to express the point
students studying in off-campus or distance more clearly. Some explanatory
modes, raises issues of equity for plagiarism words and linking words have been
management policy makers. added, to help explain the meaning
Paraphrase: ...the support provided is, on and to show that it is the original
author who has made these claims
the whole, inadequate. Sutherland-Smith ('Sutherland-Smith expands further to
expands further to explain that this explain that...')
inadequacy is partly because the advice ▪ Synonyms ('issues of equity' changed
provided is not specific enough for each to 'questions of inequity', 'raises
student, and partly because distance issues' changed to 'carry
students will often receive even less support. implications'). Note some key terms
She concludes that these issues carry have not been changed.
implications for the decisions around
plagiarism management, as some students (UCL, 2021)
may receive more assistance than others,
leading to questions of inequity.
Paraphrasing Effective paraphrasing
is a key academic skill
needed to avoid the
risk of plagiarism: it
demonstrates your
understanding of a
source.
Use our Academic Skills Support
Be inspired
References:
The Open University (2021) Help Centre, Available at: https://help.open.ac.uk/writing-in-your-own-
words, (Accessed: 30/07/21)
UCL (2021), Paraphrasing for Beginners, Available at: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe-writing-

centre/reference-effectively-avoid-plagiarism/paraphrasing#Text%20comparison, (Accessed: 30/07/21)
THANK YOU

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BUSI 1701 Personal and Professional Development

(Open University, 2021)

(Open University, 2021)

(Open University, 2021)

(Open University, 2021)

(Open University, 2021)

UCL (2021), Paraphrasing for Beginners, Available at: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe-writing-

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