CH 6

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Umm Al-Qura University

College of Engineering and Architecture


Mechanical Engineering Department
Makkah, KSA

Prof. Mohammad S. Alsoufi


BSc, MSc, PhD

Engineering Measurements (1) Room: 1080


Tel.: 5270000 Ext.: 1163
804 3115 - 3 E-mail: mssoufi@uqu.edu.sa

Chapter Six
Content Layout
§ Introduction
§ Vernier Caliper
§ Micrometer
§ Dial Indicator
§ REVIEW QUESTIONS

Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Introduction
§ The simplest way to measure a dimension is the direct comparison of the length with a "steel rule".

§ However, this technique has a very limited accuracy. Possible errors due to …
ü the tape measure.
ü the item being measured.
ü the measuring process and the person making the measurement.

§ Therefore, many special tools and devices are developed to get better accuracy.

§ The most common dimensional measuring tools are:


ü Vernier Caliper.
ü Micrometer. How long is a piece of string?
ü Dial Indicator.
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Vernier Caliper
Introduction

§ The Vernier principle of measuring was named for its inventor, Pierre Vernier (1580-1637).

§ He was a French mathematician.

§ Purpose: it can measure the…


1) external dimensions.
2) internal dimensions.
3) depth dimensions.
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Vernier Caliper
Parts of a Vernier Caliper

Vernier Caliper is made with resolution of:


ü 0.10mm
ü 0.02mm
ü 0.05mm
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Vernier Caliper
Dial Caliper
How to read the scale

Vernier Caliper
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Vernier Caliper
Scale Value Determination

§ Vernier scale is an additional scale sliding against main scale.

§ Vernier is divided into (n) division, which correspond to (n-1) divisions on the main scale.

19 mm = 20 divisions
1 division of secondary scale = 19/20 mm
S. V. = 1 mm – (19/20) mm = 0.05 mm

9 mm = 10 divisions
1 division of secondary scale = 9/10 mm
S. V. = 1 mm – (9/10) mm = 0.1 mm
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Vernier Caliper
Case-study: read the following vernier calipers
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Micrometer
Introduction

§ It is a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise measurement of small distances in mechanical
engineering, machining, mechanical trades and metrological instruments.

§ Purpose: it can measure the…


1) external dimensions.
2) internal dimensions.
3) depth dimensions.

(2) (3)
(1)
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Micrometer
Parts of a micrometer

The resolution of the micrometer is equal


to the resolution of the scale engraved on
the sleeve divided by the number of the
divisions engraved on the thimble.

Micrometer is made with resolution of:


ü0.01 mm
ü0.02 mm
ü0.001 mm
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Micrometer
How to read the scale Micrometer with standard scale
(graduation: 0.01mm)

Micrometer with standard scale


(graduation: 0.001mm)
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Micrometer
Case-study: read the following micrometer
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Dial Indicator
Introduction

§ Dial indicator is a measuring instrument where gears are employed to convert and magnify the small linear
displacement of a plunger to a large angular displacement of a pointer.

§ Dial indicators may be used to measure …


ü the variation in tolerance during the inspection process of a machined part.
ü the deflection of a beam or ring under laboratory conditions.
ü as well as many other situations where a small measurement needs to be registered or indicated.
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

Dial Indicator
Parts of the dial indicator

Dial indicator is made with resolution of:


ü0.01 mm
ü0.02 mm
ü0.001 mm

Example …
The small pointer is between 1 and 2 è 0.1 mm
The small pointer is between 6 and 7 è 0.6 mm

The large pointer is close to line 21 of black digit è 0.021 mm

So, the reading is 0.1 + 0.021 = 0.121 mm


So, the reading is 0.6 + 0.021 = 0.621 mm
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q.1: Choose the proper word for each blank?
ü ................................................. is a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise measurement of small distances in
mechanical engineering, machining, mechanical trades and metrological instruments.
ü ................................................. is a measuring instrument where gears are employed to convert and magnify the small linear displacement of a
plunger to a large angular displacement of a pointer.
ü Calipers, micrometers and dial indicators are used in ................................................. Measurements.
ü Dial indicators are used to compare the size of ................................................. parts with relative to a standard size.
ü The resolution of the ................................................. is equal to the resolution of the scale engraved on the sleeve divided by the number of
the divisions engraved on the thimble.

Q.2: The questions below show the scale of different measuring tools after measurements have been taken. Write the answers for
each reading and including the working out/calculations?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Q.3: What is the main purpose of the vernier caliper, micrometer and dial indicator?

Q.4: List at least three possible errors when using steel ruler to measure is a piece of string?

Q.5: The most common dimensional measuring tools are:


ü .................................................
ü .................................................
ü .................................................

Q.6: Micrometer and dial indicator are made with resolution of:
ü .................................................
ü .................................................
ü .................................................

Q.7: vernier caliper is made with resolution of:


ü .................................................
ü .................................................
ü .................................................

Q.8: For the dial indicator, calculate the height of the workpiece, Hw?
ü The dial is held in a suitable stand. Part to be checked is located under the indicator plunger.
ü Indicator is adjusted so that contacts the surface of the a standard block gauge, Hst and its reading is observed and recorded,
Rst usually adjusted to be zero.
ü Standard block is then replaced by the inspected part, and the reading of the indicator is taken, Rw
ü The height of the part, Hw is then determined by Hw = [Rw – Rst] + Hst
The end of chapter Six
is just
the beginning of another

THANKS
Chapter

Linear Measurements
Six

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