Genetic Engineering Part 1 Question Bank

Chapter 1 Questions:
1- Recombinant protein production is related and concerned with therapeutic
proteins production.

a) True.
b) False.

2- ______________ marks the point at which transcription of the gene should start.

a) Terminator.
b) RBS.
c) Promoter.
d) MCS.

3_ ____________ marks the point at the end of the gene where transcription should stop.

a) Terminator.
b) RBS.
c) Promoter.
d) MCS.

4_ ___________________ is a short nucleotide sequence recognized by the ribosome as the

point at which it should attach to the mRNA molecule.

a) Terminator.
b) RBS.
c) Promoter.
d) MCS.

5_ The initiation codon of the gene to be translated is always a few nucleotides

___________ of RBS.

a) Upstream.
b) Downstream.
c) Midstream.
d) At the same position.
6_ Vectors which contain the signals required for cloning and used for recombinant
protein production are called _____________.

a) Transcription vectors.
b) Therapeutic vectors.
c) Expression vectors.
d) Coping vectors.

7_ Low number of recombinant protein molecules can be obtained by the using of

_________________.

a) Highly sensitive RNA polymerase.

b) CAP/cAMP complex.
c) Weak promoter.
d) Inducers.

8_ An ___________ gene is one whose transcription is switched on by addition of a

chemical to the growth medium.

a) Modified.
b) Inducible.
c) Repressible.
d) Therapeutic.

9_ _____________ transcriptional regulation depends on the addition or presence of an

inducer.

a) Positive.
b) Enhanced.
c) Inducible.
d) All the above.

10_ _____________ transcriptional regulation depends on the production or presence of a

repressor.

a) Negative.
b) Repressive.
c) Oppressive.
d) All the above.
11_ Lac promoter can be used for _______________________.

a) General expression.
b) High levels of gene expression.
c) Low levels of gene expression.
d) In vitro transcription.

12_ Trp promoter can be used for _________________________.

a) General expression.
b) High levels of gene expression.
c) Low levels of gene expression.
d) In vitro transcription.

13_ Lac promoter is an __________________ promoter in the absence of repressor.

a) Repressible.
b) Negative.
c) Inducible.
d) Constitutive.

14_ Trp promoter is an __________________ promoter.

a) Repressible.
b) Positive.
c) Inducible.
d) Non-regulated.

15_ ______________________ is an hybrid promoter of lac and trp promoters.

a) T7.
b) Ptac.
c) T7lac.
d) λPL.

16_ Ptac promoter can be used for ________________________.

a) General expression.
b) High levels of gene expression.
c) Low levels of gene expression.
d) In vitro transcription.
17_ _________________ is an constitutive promoter that requires the T7 RNA polymerase
and can be used for in vitro transcription.

a) T7.
b) Ptac.
c) T7lac.
d) λPL.

18_ ______________ promoter can be induced by IPTG.

a) T7lac.
b) Lac.
c) Tac.
d) All of the above.

19_ In most vectors, expression signals such as promoter, terminator, and RBS, form
a ________________________.

a) MCS.
b) Polylinker.
c) OriR.
d) Cassette.

20_ _____________ are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that
originally coded for separate proteins.

a) Therapeutic proteins.
b) Hormonal proteins.
c) Fusion proteins.
d) Transport proteins.

21_ All the following are advantages of hybrid/fusion protein production except:

a) Efficient translation.
b) Alteration of cloned protein properties.
c) Prevent degradation of the cloned protein.
d) Provide a good method for protein purification.

22_ ___________________ can be used for fusion protein purification.

a) Filtration.
b) Gel electrophoresis.
c) Affinity chromatography.
d) Ion exchange purification.
23_ All the following are problems due to the sequence of the cloned gene except:

a) Introns presence.
b) Absent of post-transcription modifications.
c) The presence of termination sequences.
d) Codon bias.

24_ All the following are problems due to E.coli as a host except:

a) Protein degradation,
b) Absent of post-transcription modifications.
c) Introns presence.
d) Wrong folding of proteins.

25_ How will we choose which transformation method is to be used?

a) It depends on the available conditions for the reaction to take place.

b) It depends on the efficiency which is required to be obtained.
c) All the transformation methods can be used equivalently.
d) Each reaction has been assigned a particular transformation method.

26_ The cell in which the recombinant molecules are propagated is termed as ________

a) Host.
b) Vector.
c) Plasmid.
d) Carrier.

27_ How many transcription regulation systems are present in E. coli?

a) 1.
b) 2.
c) 3.
d) 4.

28_ Translation starts at first _____ codon in the mRNA downstream from the
ribosome binding site.

a) ACG.
b) AUG.
c) UAC.
d) CAG.
29_ Expression of cloned sequences in E.coli requires a promoter, a ribosome
binding site, and an initiation codon.

a) True.
b) False.

30_ If an expression vector contains all three, a controllable promoter, a ribosome

binding site, and an initiation codon, then a hybrid protein is produced. The _______
region of hybrid protein is encoded by vector and the rest is expressed by the
sequence inserted.

a) N terminal.
b) C terminal.
c) Both N & C terminal.
d) Middle.

31_ In fusion proteins, the reading frame in a vector is out of phase with the insert.

a) True.
b) False.

32_ A short peptide region fused to a protein of interest is known as ___________

a) Tag.
b) Oligonucleotide.
c) Fragment.
d) Dimer.

33_ Tac promoter is an example of which type of promoter?

a) Hybrid promoter.
b) Fusion promoter.
c) LacZ promoter.
d) AraBAD promoter.

34_ Expression of T7 promoter- lac operator hybrid requires ___________

a) T7 RNA polymerase.
b) An inducer such as IPTG.
c) Both T7 RNA polymerase and inducer such as IPTG.
d) T7 DNA polymerase.
35_ When lacUV5 control system is used, addition of IPTG _______ the expression of
_________

a) Activates, T7 RNA polymerase.

b) Inactivates, T7 RNA polymerase.
c) Activates, T7 DNA polymerase.
d) Inactivates, T7 DNA polymerase.

36_ The tac promoter includes the lac operator and is regulated by a repressor.

a) True.
b) False.

37_ There are some advantages of expressing protein as a fusion protein. It may
enhance stability, folding ______ and ______ formation.

a) Solubility, phosphodiester bond.

b) Insolubility, phosphodiester bond.
c) Solubility, disulphide bond.
d) Insolubility, disulphide bond.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar
Chapter 2 Questions:
1_ Changes in crop plants phenotypes can be carried out through _________________.

a) PCR techniques.
b) DNA analysis techniques.
c) Gene cloning techniques.
d) Electroporation techniques.

2_ ____________ means the change of a plant characteristics by inserting on or more

genes in it.

a) Gene therapy.
b) Gene mutagenesis.
c) Gene subtraction.
d) Gene addition.

3_ ________________ means the use of genetic engineering techniques to inactivate one

or more of the plant’s existing genes.

a) Gene therapy.
b) Gene mutagenesis.
c) Gene subtraction.
d) Gene addition.

4_ Developing plants that are able to synthesize insecticides coded by cloned genes
to resist insects can be carried out through ____________________________.

a) Gene therapy.
b) Gene mutagenesis.
c) Gene subtraction.
d) Gene addition.

5_ _____________________ are relatively non-specific poisons that kill a broad spectrum of

insects, not just the ones eating the crop.

a) Dieldrin, Endosulfan, and Endrin.

b) Pyrethroids and organophosphates.
c) Aldrin and Chlordane.
d) Chlordecone and DDT.
6_ The ideal insecticides should be __________________.

a) Highly toxic to many insects.

b) Able to kill a broad spectrum of insects.
c) Biodegradable.
d) Non-specific.

7_ Several types of bacteria have evolved defense mechanisms against insect

predation such as ___________

a) E. Coli.
b) Streptomyces sp.
c) Bacillus thuringiensis.
d) Micrococcus sp.

8_ __________________ is an example of intracellular crystalline bodies that contain an

insecticidal protein.

a) TNF-alpha.
b) IL-6.
c) β-endotoxin.
d) δ-endotoxin.

9_ The δ-endotoxin is ______________________ times more toxic than organophosphate

insecticides.

a) 10,000.
b) 30,000.
c) 50,000.
d) 80,000.

10_ The cry protein toxins bind to insect’s gut and damage the surface epithelium.

a) True.
b) False.

11_ _______________ is used to protect plants against insects and can be cloned in plants
to make them able to synthesize its own toxin.

a) TNF-alpha.
b) δ-endotoxin.
c) IL-6.
d) β-endotoxin.
12_ _______________ is the disadvantage of B. thuringiensis toxins that are used as
environmentally friendly insecticides.

a) Specificity.
b) Biodegradability.
c) Variation in its binding sites.
d) Efficiency.

13_ The plant biotechnologists first attempt of cloning δ-endotoxin into maize was
by the using of _______________________ version.

a) CryIA (a).
b) CryIA (b).
c) CryIA (c).
d) CryIA (d).

14_ _____________________ protein is 1155 amino acids in length, with the toxic activity
residing in the segment from amino acids 29–607.

a) CryIA (a).
b) CryIA (b).
c) CryIA (c).
d) CryIA (d).

15_ The artificial gene of δ-endotoxin CryIA (b) containing the ______________ codons of
the natural gene.

a) First 848.
b) Last 848.
c) First 648.
d) Last 648.

16_ The overall GC content of the natural gene is _______________.

a) 38%.
b) 54%.
c) 65%.
d) 77%.

17_ The overall GC content of the artificial gene was set at _______________.

a) 38%. c) 65%.
b) 54%. d) 77%.
18_ The artificial gene of δ-endotoxin CryIA (b) was ligated into a cassette vector
between a __________________ and ________________________ signal.

a) Promoter and terminator.

b) Promoter and RBS.
c) MCS and Promoter.
d) Promoter and Polyadenylation.

19_ Polyadenylation signal located in δ-endotoxin CryIA (b) cassette vector come
from ____________________________.

a) B. thuringiensis.
b) Ostrinia nubilialis.
c) Cauliflower mosaic virus.
d) European corn borer.

20_ δ-endotoxin CryIA (b) cassette vectors can be introduced into maize embryos by
______________________.

a) Electroporation.
b) Gene gun.
c) Conjugation.
d) Transformation.

21_ Bt corn transformants can be identified through __________________.

a) Analysis of RNA extraction.

b) qPCR.
c) Gel electrophoresis.
d) SDS page.

22_ An immunological test is carried out to determine if δ-endotoxin is being

synthesized by the transformed plants.

a) True.
b) False.

23_ The amounts of δ-endotoxin being produced in maize transformed plants varied
from plant to plant because of ___________________.

a) Gene version.
b) Gene degradation.
c) Positional effect. With My Best Wishes
d) Insect resistance.
Sokkar
Chapter 3 Questions:
1_ _________________ doesn’t actually mean removing of the gene but inactivated of the
target gene.

a) Gene addition.
b) Gene subtraction.
c) Gene splicing.
d) Gene therapy.

2_ ____________ is the most successful technique for inactivating a single, chosen gene
in a living plant.

a) Gene cloning.
b) Monoclonal antibody.
c) Antisense RNA.
d) Affinity chromatography.

3_ The first approved genetically modified plant in market is ___________________.

a) Potato.
b) Tomato.
c) Cotton.
d) Maize.

4_ ____________________ technique is applied to delayed ripening of tomato.

a) Gene cloning.
b) Monoclonal antibody.
c) Antisense RNA.
d) Affinity chromatography.

5_ Antisense technology has been used to __________ the fruit-ripening process.

a) Enhance.
b) Slow down.
c) Speed up.
d) Accelerate.

6_ ___________ is the major enzyme responsible for pectin disassembly in ripening fruit.

a) Acc Synthase.
b) Polygalacturonase (PG).
c) Pectin methylesterase (PM).
d) Pectate lyase (PL).
7_ _______________________ partial inactivation should increase the time between flavor
development and spoilage of the fruit.

a) Pectin methylesterase gene.

b) β-galactosidase gene.
c) Polygalacturonase gene.
d) Pectate lyase gene.

8_ To carry out antisense technique a ____________ restriction fragment is obtained

from the ___________ region of the normal Polygalacturonase gene which represents
just under half of the coding sequence.

a) 648 bp / 5’.
b) 730 bp / 5’.
c) 648 bp / 3’.
d) 730 bp / 3’.

9_ Antisense gene is ligated after _____________ promoter.

a) B. thuringiensis.
b) Ostrinia nubilialis.
c) Cauliflower mosaic virus.
d) European corn borer.

10_ The construct holding the antisense gene, CaMV promoter, and polyadenylation
signal is inserted into __________________.

a) pET vector.
b) pUC vector.
c) pBR322 vector.
d) pBIN19 vector.

11_ The effect of antisense RNA synthesis on the amount of polygalacturonase

mRNA in the cells of ripening fruit was determined by ________________________.

a) Northern blot.
b) Electroporation.
c) Gel electrophoresis.
d) Western blot.
12_ GM tomatoes are marketed under the trade name ___________.

a) Endless summer.
b) Flavor bar.
c) FlavrSavr.
d) PG-Tomato.

13_ The main trigger that switches on the genes involved in the later stages of tomato
ripening is _____________________.

a) Polygalacturonase.
b) Methylene.
c) Ethylene.
d) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.

14_ ____________________ is a way of delaying tomato fruit ripening.

a) Using antisense RNA to inactivate ethylene synthesis.

b) Using antisense RNA to inactivate polygalacturonase synthesis.
c) Using antisense RNA to inactivate ACC synthase enzyme.
d) All of the above.

15_ _______________ is the immediate precursor for ethylene.

a) Polygalacturonase.
b) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
c) S-adenosylmethionine.
d) 1-amincyclohexan-1-carboxylic acid.

16_ Using antisense RNA to inactivate ethylene synthesis depends on the

inactivation of ___________________.

a) Polygalacturonase.
b) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
c) ACC Synthase.
d) Ethylene.

17_ After regeneration, the engineered plants found to make only _______________ of the
amount of ethylene produced by non-engineered plants.

a) 1%.
b) 2%.
c) 3%.
d) 4%.
18_ In ___________________ tomatoes, the enzyme that would ordinarily help the plant
make ethylene is inactivated.

a) FlavrSavr.
b) Flavor bar.
c) Endless summer.
d) PG.

19_ RNA interference in the ethylene production pathway blocks the expression of
__________________ that catalyzes the final step in ethylene biosynthesis.

a) ACC Synthase.
b) Polygalacturonase.
c) ACC Oxidase.
d) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.

20_ Antisense RNA technique considered a method of ____________________.

a) Gene addition.
b) Gene therapy.
c) Gene subtraction.
d) Gene cloning.

21_ Antisense polygalacturonase gene is in __________ of the natural gene.

a) Same orientation,
b) Reverse orientation.
c) Forward orientation.
d) 5' → 3' orientation.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar
Chapter 4 Questions:
1_ Golden Rice was engineered to increase the amount of _____________ synthesized.

a) Vitamin C.
b) Vitamin D.
c) Vitamin A.
d) Vitamin B.

2_ _____________________ is the early intermediate of ß-Carotene.

a) Pyrophosphate.
b) Phytoene.
c) Geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
d) Zeta-Carotene.

3_ The enzyme ____________ can be used to produce the uncolored carotene phytoene
from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

a) Lycopene cyclase.
b) Z-carotene desaturase.
c) Phytoene desaturase.
d) Phytoene synthase.

4_ Zeta- carotene can be produced through catalyzing phytoene with the enzyme
__________________.

a) Lycopene cyclase.
b) Z-carotene desaturase.
c) Phytoene desaturase.
d) Phytoene synthase.

5_ Lycopene can be produced through catalyzing z-carotene with the enzyme

______________________.

a) Lycopene cyclase.
b) Z-carotene desaturase.
c) Phytoene desaturase.
d) Phytoene synthase.
6_ Alpha-carotene and Beta-carotene can be produced through catalyzing lycopene
with the enzyme __________________.

a) Lycopene cyclase.
b) Z-carotene desaturase.
c) Phytoene desaturase.
d) Phytoene synthase.

7_ The enzymes expressed in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in golden rice,

are expressed in the ____________________________.

a) Endosperm.
b) Exosprem.
c) Epithelium.
d) Xylem.

8_ Beta-carotene is assumed to be converted to ___________

a) Retinal, subsequently Vitamin A, then Retinol.

b) Retinal, subsequently Retinol, then Vitamin A.
c) Vitamin A, subsequently Retinal, then Retinol.
d) Retinol, subsequently Vitamin A, then Retinal.

9_ It was recognized that to combat vitamin A deficiency, ________ ß-Carotene levels

would be required.

a) Lower.
b) Higher.
c) Similar.
d) Zero.

10_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the carotene desaturase
gene is downstream of ____________ promoter.

a) Ubi1.
b) 35S.
c) Glu.
d) CaMV.
11_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the phytoene synthase gene
is downstream of ____________ promoter.

a) Ubi1.
b) 35S.
c) Glu.
d) CaMV.

12_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the phosphomannose
isomerase gene is downstream of ____________ promoter.

a) Ubi1.
b) 35S.
c) Glu.
d) CaMV.

13_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the terminator used was
___________.

a) T7 terminator.
b) CaMV terminator.
c) Rho-dependent terminator.
d) Nopaline synthase terminator.

14_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the phytoene synthase gene
used in GR1 has come from _________________________.

a) Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
b) Zea mays.
c) Oryza sativa.
d) Maize.

15_ In the gene construct used to generate Golden Rice, the phytoene synthase gene
used in GR2 has come from _________________________.

a) Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
b) Zea mays.
c) Oryza sativa.
d) Maize.
16_ The second generation of Golden Rice (GR2) was capable of accumulating up to
_____________ μg/g ß-Carotene while the first generation (GR1) where only ________ μg/g.

a) 1.6 / 25.
b) 25 / 31.
c) 31 / 1.6.
d) 1.6 / 31.

17_ The second generation of Golden Rice (GR2) was capable of accumulating up to
_____________ μg/g carotenoids.

a) 1.6.
b) 25.
c) 31.
d) 37.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar
Chapter 5 Questions:
1_ ___________ has excellent environmental features such as rapid soil binding,
biodegradation and extremely low toxicity to mammals, birds, and fish.

a) Aminopyralid.
b) Atrazine.
c) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
d) Glyphosate.

12_ ________________ is non-volatile, stable in sunlight, completely water soluble and

easy to apply.

a) Aminopyralid.
b) Glyphosate.
c) Atrazine.
d) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

3_ Glyphosate belongs to _____________________.

a) Herbicide group S.
b) Herbicide group M.
c) Herbicide group P.
d) Herbicide group K.

4_ Glyphosate inhibits an essential plant enzyme called ____________.

a) Polygalacturonase.
b) PS.
c) EPSPS.
d) ACCs.

5_ Inhibition of _______ enzyme prevents production of aromatic amino acids required

for protein synthesis.

a) Polygalacturonase.
b) PS.
c) EPSPS.
d) ACCs.

6_ The amount of glyphosate and speed of entry depend on plant species and
glyphosate delivery system.

a) True.
b) False.
7_ Only healthy and actively growing weeds should be sprayed with glyphosate as
translocation and the translocation rate is dependent on the sugar transport system
within the plant.

a) True.
b) False.

8_Most glyphosate is transported to the growing points within _________ hours.

a) 2.
b) 4.
c) 6.
d) 8.

9_ The glyphosate herbicide “Round up” mode of action is ________________________.

a) Binding to the zeta-carotene enzyme and block its ability to work.

b) Binding to plant leaves and destroy harmful weeds.
c) Binding to the EPSPS enzyme made in plants and block its ability to work.
d) Binding to the Phytoene enzyme and block its ability to work.

10_ Glyphosate “Roundup” is a _______ systemic herbicide.

a) Selective.
b) Non-selective.
c) Specific.
d) Semi-specific.

11_ Herbicide resistance of “Round up” glyphosate can be carried out through
___________________.

a) Altered glyphosate properties.

b) Altered EPSPS shape in special strains.
c) Altered binding site of glyphosate.
d) Altered weed ribosomes responsible for protein production.

12_ Additional amino acids on the end of the cloned EPSPS enzyme are called
________________.

a) The xylem transit peptide (XTP_

b) The chloroplast transit peptide (CTP).
c) The ribosome transit peptide (RTP).
d) The mRNA transit peptide.
13_ ____________ direct the cloned EPSPS enzyme to go to the chloroplasts in the plant
cell.

a) The xylem transit peptide (XTP).

b) The chloroplast transit peptide (CTP).
c) The ribosome transit peptide (RTP).
d) The mRNA transit peptide.

14_ The Roundup Ready gene uses the ________ promoter to give expression in all
cells.

a) Ubi1.
b) 35S.
c) Glu.
d) CaMV.

15_ EPSPS enzyme workplace is ___________________.

a) Phloem.
b) Xylem.
c) Chloroplast.
d) Ribosomes.

16_ ____________ is a double enhancer constitutive promoter used in the construct of

EPSPS chimeric gene expression.

a) Ubi1 35S.
b) 35S.
c) Glu 35S.
d) CaMV 35S.

17_ ____________ is a plant expression vector used to express glyphosate tolerant gene
as a selectable marker.

a) pB121.
b) pUC vector.
c) pBR322 vector.
d) pSA101.
18_ What is EPSPS?

a) An enzyme in plants required to produce herbicides.

b) An enzyme in plants required to synthesize certain amino acids.
c) A herbicide that allows crops to synthesize certain fatty acids.
d) A herbicide that allows crops to synthesize certain amino acids.

19_ Humans are not affected by glyphosate in plant crops because:

a) While it is toxic to plants it is a normal metabolite of humans.

b) Humans do not produce aromatic amino acids.
c) It is used only on those crops that convert it to a harmless substance.
d) Humans lack the enzymes to interact with it.

20_ Engineering plants that are resistant to glyphosate was an important

advancement because:

a) Glyphosate promotes frost damage.

b) Glyphosate encourages the production of fruit that is lower in protein.
c) Glyphosate is the active ingredient in herbicide.
d) Glyphosate prevents the transfer of genes into the plants.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar