LIFS 2070

Please answer ALL questions. Each has 2 marks.

1. Please fill in the blanks in the following statements.

1. ____Transgenic___________ animal is a way to achieve large scale production of

therapeutic proteins from animals for use in human.
2. To disrupt a gene in the animals and then reveal its function as a result of the loss
of the gene-this technology is known as _SDS PAGE__________________.
3. Human genomes are about _99.9____________ % identical between you and
others.
4. __single nucleotides polymorphism (SNPs)________ in DNA sequence that has a
single mutation, and which helps to identify genes involved in medical conditions.
5. One of major achievements in agricultural biotechnology is the generation of
genetic modified_________ plants that could have higher crop yield or resistance
to disease and insects.
6. Human genome has about __20,000____ genes scattered among 3 billion base
pairs of DNA.
7. _______stem cells___________ is grown in lab and then treated with different
chemicals to allow them to develop into specific kinds of tissues needed for
transplant. This method could be used for tissue regeneration.
8. ____northern blotting_____________ analysis is a technique to analyze mRNA
produced by a tissue. A method is like Southern blotting.
9. In unwinding the DNA for replication, _____DNA Polymerase_________ breaks the
hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs that hold the two DNA strands
together, i.e. "unzips" the DNA.
10. ___RNA interference_______________ is naturally occurring mechanism for
inhibiting gene expression. This has a size of 21- 25 nucleotide and generated by
Dicer enzyme.
11. RNA polymerase is involved in __transcription_________________ process of
making RNA.
12. __tRNA_______________ is a molecule that transport amino acids to ribosomes
during protein synthesis.
13. In gene control, bacteria can use _operons________ to regulate gene expression
14. EcoR1 is a restriction enzyme that cut DNA to create DNA fragments with
overhanging single stranded ends called ___sticky________________ ends.
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15. A protein contains carbohydrate is named as ___glycoprotein________________.

16. Bacteria produces recombinant proteins intracellularly, and which accumulate in
cell’s cytoplasm in form of insoluble clumps, named as_____________________.
17. ___baculovirus__________________ is an insect system that can use to produce
recombinant proteins.
18. __X-ray Crystallography__________________ is used to determine the complex
tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins
19. Scrapie is caused by an insoluble protein named as _prions__________________.
20. In Testing and Certification industry, __Certification_________________ refers to
third-party attestation related to products, processes, systems or persons.

2. Please put in True (T) or False (F) for the below statements.

1. Agarose gel electrophoresis is commonly used to identify protein

fragments…………………………………………………………..…………( F )
2. The DNA sequencing technology is invented by James Watson and Francis
Crick…………………………………………………………………………...( F )
3. In human genetic, X and Y chromosomes is also named as autosomes
chromosomes………………………………………………………….…… ( F . )
4. ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System is an example of Management System
Certification in Hong Kong……………………………………………….….( T )
5. Epigenome gene regulation in chromatin structure which DO NOT
involve mutations in DNA sequence……………………………….………..( T )
6. The ribosome is comprised of multiple subunits containing both ribosomal RNA and
proteins……………………………………………………………………….…(…T…)
7. Mitochondria is not found in yeast cell…………………………………… ...( F… .)
8. Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme used in molecular biology, is encoded in a retrovial
genome. T
9. In genetic code, UAA is coded for stop codon during translation………….( T…...)
10. DNA polymerase III is required to uncoil DNA during replication ………….( F……)

3. Circle the best answer in the below questions:

1 Recombinant DNA:
 LIFS 2070

(a) is defined as a mix of human and animal DNA.

(b) contains a segment of DNA from a foreign source.
(c) is created from embryonic stem cells.
(d) is required for human cloning.
(e) is a technique for repairing damaged DNA.
(f) All are correct.

2. Restriction enzymes:

(a) Will dissect DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

(b) Are naturally occurring.
(c) Exist in great variety.
(d) Cut the DNA so as to create sticky ends.
(e) All of the above.
(f) a and d are correct

3. Sequencing DNA:

(a) Requires specific chemical assays for each nucleotide.

(b) Can be done using a combination of chemicals that stop synthesis at known
points and separate segments of DNA of different length by gel electrophoresis.
(c) Can be done using DNA probes that have the “mirror” of the base sequence you
are looking for.
(d) All are correct.
(e) b and c are correct.

4. The “sticky ends” created by restriction enzymes are important because:

(a) They allow repair of damage DNA.

(b) They enable recombination of DAN and thereby create genetic diversity.
(c) They provide a means to insert new DNA with matching (or mirrored) base pairs
into a given DNA segment.
(d) They are charged and control the movement in gel electrophoresis.
(e) All are correct.
(f) None are correct.

5. Which one below is not the activities of Conformity Assessment in the Testing and
Certification industry.

(a) Testing.
(b) Equipment performance.
(c) Inspection.
(d) Certification.
(e) Validation and Verification.

6. Translation:
 LIFS 2070

(a) is the process of translating the DNA code from the DNA.
(b) is accomplished by RNA polymerase.
(c) requires ribosomes.
(d) requires removal of the nucleosomes.
(e) a, b, d are correct.

7. Ribosomes:

(a) transport amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.

(b) bind the anticodons of the transfer RNA.
(c) act as a vice to hold the manufacturing apparatus together while the protein is
being made.
(d) transcribe the DNA code onto messenger RNA.

8. The organic bases in nucleic acids:

(a) are the same for RNA and DNA.

(b) occur in random amounts in RNA and DNA.
(c) are joined by hydrogen bonds on the interior of the double helix.
(d) carry the genetic code.
(e) c and d are correct.

9. ELISA:

(a) is a method for cell sorting.

(b) is a quantitative method for finding specific antibodies in a sample.
(c) is a method for cloning lymphocytes.
(d) is a method for anlayzing the antigenic potential of a molecule.
(e) b and d are correct.

10. Mutations:

(a) are not found in a natural state.

(b) occur frequently in a normal organism.
(c) can result in cancer.
(d) may result in a cell that is not viable or that is destroyed by the immune system.
(e) c and d are correct.
(f) b, c, d are correct.

11. What is the difference between DNA and RNA.

(a) DNA contains a phosphate group, but RNA does not.

(b) Both DNA and RNA contain a sugar, but only DNA has a pentose.
(c) The sugar ring in RNA has an extra hydroxyl group that is missing in the pentose
of DNA.
(d) DNA consists of five different nitrogenous bases, but RNA only contains four
different bases.
(e) RNA only contains pyrimidines and DNA only contains purines.

12. Which of the following are important features for transcription?

 LIFS 2070

(a) Promoter
(b) RNA polymerase
(c) 5’ and 3’ UTRs
(d) ORF
(e) All of the above

13. Adenine in DNA is complementary to. thymine

(a) Uracil
(b) Adenine
(c) Guanine
(d) Cytosine
(e) Inosine

14. Methylation of DNA _____________________.

(a) Silences gene expression in eukaryotes

(b) Enhances the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoters in the methylated
region
(c) Results in the removal of histones from the methylated regions
(d) Causes histones tail fibers to become acetylated
(e) Remodels nucleosomes to allow entry of transcription machinery

15. Which of following vectors holds the largest pieces of DNA in cloning process?

(a) Plasmids
(b) Bacteriophage
(c) YACs
(d) PACs
(e) Cosmids

16. Which of the following are common features of expression vectors?

(a) Small segments of DNA that encode tags for protein purification
(b) Transcriptional start and stop sites
(c) A tightly controlled promoter than can only be induced under certain
circumstances
(d) Antibiotic resistance gene
(e) All of the above are common features of expression vectors

17. Why are gene libraries constructed?

(a) To find new genes

(b) To sequence whole genomes
(c) To compare genes to other organisms
(d) To create a “bank” of all the genes in an organism
(e) All of the above.

18. Which of the following is important for gel electrophoresis to work?

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(a) Negatively charged nucleic acids to migrate through the gel

(b) Ethidium bromide to provide a means to visualize the DNA in the gel
(c) Agarose or polyacrylamide to separate the DNA based on size
(d) Known molecular weight standards
(e) All of the above are important

19. Which of the following is an application for PCR?

(a) Site-directed mutagenesis

(b) Creation of insertion, deletions, and fusions of different gene segments
(c) Amplification of specific segments of DNA
(d) For cloning into vectors
(e) All of above

20. In _____________sequencing, the DNA fragments are bound to a solid durface via a
flow cell.

(a) Illumina
(b) 454
(c) Chain termination
(d) Sanger
(e) Cycle.

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