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Life Sciences
Practice examination: Paper 1 memo

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Practice Examinations Paper 1: Memo
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 Life Sciences Examination: Exemplar Paper 1 2.1.6 Inner membrane is folded to form cristae which
increases the surface area for the process of cellular
Memorandum of answers respiration; enzymes are present in the matrix as well
as between the membranes, thus making the process
Section A of cellular respiration efficient (4)
QUESTION 1 [14]
1.1
1.1.1 b 2.2 Mark for: shape – 1; proportion – 1; (4 labels) – double
1.1.2 b membrane, lamella, granum, stroma [6]
1.1.3 a
1.1.4 b 2.3
1.1.5 c 2.3.1 Chromosomes (1)
1.1.6 a 2.3.2 genes / nucleotides (1)
(6 x 2) [12] 2.3.3 two of: root tip, stem tip, cambium (2)
2.3.4 4 (1)
1.2 2.3.5 2 (1)
1.2.1 Water 2.3.6 Any three of: responsible for growth of an organism;
1.2.2 Fat/lipid repairs and replaces worn out and damaged tissue; produces
1.2.3 pH new individual during asexual reproduction (3)
1.2.4 Amino acids [9]
1.2.5 Mitochondrion
1.2.6 Leucoplasts 2.4
1.2.7 Cellulose 2.4.1 i A (1)
1.2.8 Chromoplasts ii B (1)
1.2.9 Sieve tubes 2.4.2
1.2.10 Cohesion/cohesive Cells A Cells B
[10] In addition to a cell membrane plant Animal cells have no cell wall
cells have a cell wall
1.3
1.3.1 Both a and b Cells have a regular shape Cells have an irregular shape
1.3.2 Both a and b (4)
1.3.3 b only 2.4.3 Any two of : a nucleus is found in both cells; a cell
1.3.4 None membrane is found in both cells; cytoplasm is found in both
1.3.5 None cells (2)
1.3.6 Both a and b 2.4.4 The nucleus controls all the metabolic activities of the
1.3.7 Both a and b cell and transmits genetic information from cell to cell. (3)
1.3.8 Both a and b [11]
[8] 2.5
2.5.1 Movement of water from soil into root xylem:
1.4 • water potential of soil solution is higher than the vacuolar
1.4.1 Cheese, peanut (2) sap of the root hair
1.4.2 Cheese, chicken (2) • therefore diffuses by osmosis from soil solution through
1.4.3 Potatoes, beans (2) the permeable cell wall and selectively permeable cell
1.4.4 Apple, sugar (2) membrane and cytoplasm through tonoplast and vacuole
1.4.5 Sugar, bread (2) of root hair
[10] • turgor pressure of root hair increases
• water potential of root hair is higher than that of cortex
1.5 cells
1.5.1 1 – clavicle; 2 – scapula; 3 – humerus; 4 – radius; • water diffuses down the water potential gradient
5 – ulna; 6 - phalanges (6) mainly through the cell walls of the cortex and also
between the cells of the endodermis into the xylem
1.5.2 i ball and socket of the root (7)
ii hinge (2) 2.5.2 Structural suitability of root hair:
1.5.3 Support and protection (2) • possesses large surface area in contact with water
[10] • large vacuole with lower water potential in cell sap than
Total Section A: [50] in ground water
• thin cell wall without cuticle (3)
[10]
SECTION B

QUESTION 2
Total Question 2: [50]
2.1
2.1.1 Animal (1)
2.1.2 no cell wall / no vacuole / presence of centrosome with
centrioles (2)
2.1.3 Any two of: 1– lysosomes; 2 – ER; 10 – Golgi apparatus (4)
2.1.4 2 – mitochondrion (2)
2.1.5 mitochondrion – involved with cellular respiration (1)

Practice Examinations Paper 1: Memo

QUESTION 3 3.4
3.1 Movement of water along/up the xylem: 3.4.1 110
• high water potential develops in xylem as a result of root 105
pressure
100
• water moves along root xylem to xylem of stem in xylem

Heartbeat per minute

vessels and tracheids to the leaves 95
• vertical movement of water starts at leaves as water 90
molecules diffuse out of the stomata 85
• the water potential in the mesophyll air spaces is 80
decreased 75
• it is now lower than the water potential in moist cell
70
walls
• water molecules diffuse into the air spaces 65
• this loss of water from the cell sap of mesophyll cells 60
results in the lowering of their water potential 55
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
• water molecules diffuse from cell sap to walls of these
cells Time (minutes)
• this loss leads to a water potential gradient across (10)
mesophyll to terminal endings of xylem in stele of leaf 3.4.2 60 times per minute (1)
• columns of water in vessels and tracheids are in a state of 3.4.3 i after 30 minutes (1)
tension known as adhesion and cohesion ii after 10 minutes (40–30) (1)
• this tension extends down from leaves to stem to roots iii after 30 minutes (60–30) (1)
Structural suitability of xylem and tracheids: 3.4.4 i 60/60 = 1 second (2)
• form elongated tubes for rapid movement ii 60/108 = 0,55 second (4)
• they overlap and water conduction from cell to cell is [20]
facilitated by pits linking one cell to another
• are made up of a series of tubular vessels with large Total Question 3: [50]
lumen Total Section B: [100]
• thickened secondary walls impregnated with lignin to TOTAL: [150]
withstand extreme tension of adhesion and cohesion are
non-living and form long hollow conducting tubes
• pits in walls allow for lateral transport of water
[10]
3.2
3.2.1 6 – aorta (2)
3.2.2 The left ventricle wall (B) is thicker than the right
ventricle wall (A) because B has to pump blood to all
parts of the body and therefore it requires a greater force
while A pumps blood a short distance to the lungs (2)
3.2.3 2– pulmonary valve; 3– aortic valve; 4 – mitral valve;
11 – tendon (4)
3.2.4 11 is inelastic thereby preventing the valve from being
pushed inwards and hence preventing the back flow of
blood (3)
[11]

3.3
3.3.1 Fifth week (1)
3.3.2 Five weeks (1)
3.3.3 At the time of the race, the athlete’s haemoglobin level
is higher than normal. The athlete’s blood will be able
to carry more oxygen. More oxygen will be taken to
the athlete’s muscle cells. More energy will be released
during cellular respiration. This will improve the
athlete’s performance, compared to other competitors. (3)
3.3.4 The officials would not be able to detect any foreign
substance in the athlete’s blood since he has returned
his own blood to his own body. (2)
3.3.5 Not acceptable OR acceptable. (1)
3.3.6 All athletes should have the same benefits and no-one
should be able to have an unfair advantage in competition
OR no foreign substances were used to enhance
performance, person is using his own blood. (1)
[9]

Practice Examinations Paper 1: Memo