GRAAD 12

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P1

NOVEMBER 2013

MARKS: 300

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 11 pages and a 12-page annexure.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of FOUR questions.

2. Answer ANY THREE questions of 100 marks each.

3. ALL diagrams are contained in the ANNEXURE.

4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK.

8. ENCIRCLE the numbers of the questions that you have answered on the front
page of your ANSWER BOOK.

9. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams.

10. Write clearly and legibly.

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SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER, FLUVIAL PROCESSES AND

STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS

Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer only ONE question from
SECTION A, you must answer BOTH questions in SECTION B.

QUESTION 1

1.1 Study FIGURE 1.1 which shows global atmospheric pressure belts and winds,
and answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 What name is given to the winds that converge at A? (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.2 Is the 0º latitude a low- or a high-pressure belt? (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.3 Give the name of the boundary at 60º where two air masses with
different characteristics meet. (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.4 State the name of pressure belt C. (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.5 What is the name of the pressure belt located at the 0º latitude?
(1 x 2) (2)

1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1.2 which shows the profile of a river meander. Indicate
whether the statements below apply to slope X or slope Y. Write only 'slope X'
or 'slope Y' next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The slope has a concave shape. (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.2 This slope has a gentle gradient. (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.3 The water flows faster against this slope. (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.4 Deposition takes place mainly on this slope. (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.5 This slope is known as the slip-off slope. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3 Study FIGURE 1.3 based on city climate.

1.3.1 Calculate the difference in temperature between the city centre and
the farmland. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 Give TWO reasons from the diagram why this temperature
difference occurs. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.3 Give the term used to describe the warm air over the city centre.
(1 x 2) (2)

1.3.4 Explain why the shape of the pollution dome is not the same during
the day and night. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.5 Refer to the pollution dome over the city and give evidence to
support the statement that this is a daytime situation. (1 x 2) (2)

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1.4 Read FIGURE 1.4 based on cyclone Irina and answer the questions
that follow.

1.4.1 How many cyclones, including Irina, have occurred so far in this
tropical cyclone season? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 What evidence on the satellite image suggests that Irina is a
tropical cyclone? (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.3 Name the cloud type around the eye at C. (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 Explain TWO conditions necessary for the formation of tropical

cyclones. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.5 Explain why people in KwaZulu-Natal would not have been

prepared for the chaos created by tropical cyclone Irina. Give
TWO reasons. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) explaining the impact

that the flooding caused by Irina would have on the economy and
environment of KwaZulu-Natal. (6 x 2) (12)

1.5 FIGURE 1.5 is based on a drainage basin and its longitudinal profile.

1.5.1 Define the term drainage basin. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 Explain the term longitudinal profile. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.3 What evidence suggests that the longitudinal profile is a graded

profile? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Name and describe the underlying rock structure associated with
stream pattern B. (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.5 Determine the stream order at point C. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.6 Give a reason why the river follows a meandering path in the
middle course. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.7 The fluvial landforms in the upper and lower course of a river differ
greatly. Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) in which you
explain how the different stream-flow and erosion processes are
responsible for the development of different landforms in the upper
and lower courses. (6 x 2) (12)

1.6 Refer to the sketches in FIGURE 1.6 and answer the questions that follow.

1.6.1 Describe the shape of landform A. (1 x 2) (2)

1.6.2 State the drainage pattern that could form on landform A. (1 x 2) (2)

1.6.3 Explain why the drainage pattern in QUESTION 1.6.2 will develop
on landform A. (2 x 2) (4)

1.6.4 Explain how feature B develops. (3 x 2) (6)

[100]
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QUESTION 2

2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 showing tertiary air circulation. Choose the correct word
in brackets to make each of the following statements TRUE. Write down only
the correct word next to the question number (2.1.1–2.1.5) in the ANSWER
BOOK, for example 2.1.6 berg wind.

2.1.1 The wind at D is a (land/sea) breeze. (1 x 2) (2)

2.1.2 Wind E occurs at (night/day) time. (1 x 2) (2)

2.1.3 Place C is likely to experience a (high/low) pressure. (1 x 2) (2)

2.1.4 The air flow at B will have a (warming/cooling) effect on the land.
(1 x 2) (2)

2.1.5 The high pressure at A is due to (subsiding/rising) air. (1 x 2) (2)

2.2 FIGURE 2.2 shows sedimentary strata/layers.

2.2.1 How are the strata/layers in A positioned in relation to the earth's

surface? (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.2 Which rock type, shale or limestone, is likely to erode faster?

(1 x 2) (2)

2.2.3 How are the strata/layers in B positioned in relation to the earth's

surface? (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.4 Name ONE landform that originates from the limestone in

sketch B. (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.5 What is the name of the steep slope at C? (1 x 2) (2)

2.3 Study the synoptic weather map/chart in FIGURE 2.3 and answer the
questions that follow.

2.3.1 Name the type of low-pressure cell at B. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2 State the pressure at the centre of pressure cell D. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Identify ONE piece of evidence from the synoptic map/chart to

indicate that it represents winter conditions. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.4 Name the front at C. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.5 State TWO weather changes that Port Elizabeth could possibly
experience in the next few hours. (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) explaining why Port

Elizabeth is experiencing unusually high temperatures and what
impact the weather conditions will have on the environment. (6 x 2) (12)
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2.4 Examine the cartoon in FIGURE 2.4 on global warming.

2.4.1 Define the term global warming. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2 Comment on the argument between the developed nations

(countries) and the big developing nations (countries) evident in the
cartoon. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.3 Why is there a fire around the earth in the cartoon? (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4 What is the collective name for gases that cause global warming?
(1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Explain why the cartoonist Zapiro thinks COP 17 was a waste of
time. (2 x 2) (4)

2.5 Study FIGURE 2.5, which shows the impact of land-use on flow hydrographs.

2.5.1 Define the term flow hydrograph. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 How can humans use the information on a flow hydrograph? (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.3 Explain why peak rainfall and peak discharge do not occur at the
same time. (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.4 Which land-use results in the highest peak discharge? (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.5 Discuss the impact of forests on river discharge. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6 Refer to the sketches on slopes and the mass movements along slopes in
FIGURE 2.6.

2.6.1 Name slope elements/forms X and Y in sketch A. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6.2 Describe the shape of slope X. (1 x 2) (2)

2.6.3 State the typical slope element/form not visible in sketch A. (1 x 2) (2)

2.6.4 Discuss how slope Y can be used by people. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6.5 Explain why slope D became unstable. (2 x 2) (4)

2.6.6 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) analysing the impact of

slope instability and methods that can be used to prevent disasters
associated with this instability. (6 x 2) (12)
[100]

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SECTION B: PEOPLE AND PLACES: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT,

PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS

Answer at least ONE question from this section. If you answer ONE question from
SECTION B, you must answer BOTH questions in SECTION A.

QUESTION 3

3.1 Refer to FIGURE 3.1 showing types of settlements. Match the descriptions
below with the letters (A–E) in the sketch. You may use the same letter for
more than one answer.

3.1.1 A settlement with a linear shape (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.2 A settlement located away from water, as it is a threat (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.3 An isolated farmstead (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.4 A settlement where farmers live in the village and not on

their farms (1 x 2) (2)

3.1.5 A settlement where a river meander provides protection from

invasions (1 x 2) (2)

3.2 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches the word(s)/term(s)

in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number
(3.2.1–3.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
3.2.1 Primary activity A a plan for social development

3.2.2 Tertiary activity B provision of intellectual services/high-

level research
3.2.3 Quaternary
activity C provision of services

3.2.4 Sustainability D strategy to improve industrial

development
3.2.5 Reconstruction
and Development E involves the exploitation of natural
Plan (RDP) resources

F involves conservation for future

generations
(5 x 2) (10)

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3.3 Refer to FIGURE 3.3 based on population movements between settlements.

3.3.1 Name movement A in the sketch. (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.2 Give ONE reason why people move away from rural villages.
(1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 Discuss the impact of the movement of people away from rural
villages on the economy of these settlements. (3 x 2) (6)

3.3.4 Is movement B more likely to take place in developed or

developing countries? (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) detailing the impact of

movement A on the CBD (D) and inner city (C). (6 x 2) (12)

3.4 Study the cartoon on an urban problem in FIGURE 3.4.

3.4.1 State the urban problem highlighted in the cartoon. (1 x 2) (2)

3.4.2 What message does the cartoon convey about the drivers'
attitude? (1 x 2) (2)

3.4.3 Discuss how the drivers' attitude contributed to the problem.

(2 x 2) (4)

3.4.4 State TWO environmental issues associated with this urban

problem. (2 x 2) (4)

3.4.5 Give the local authority advice on how they can help solve this
urban problem. (3 x 2) (6)

3.5 Study the graph in FIGURE 3.5 showing the GDP contribution to
the economy of South Africa.

3.5.1 Write the acronym GDP in full. (1 x 2) (2)

3.5.2 Briefly explain why finance displays such an erratic/changing trend.

(3 x 2) (6)

3.5.3 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) commenting on the

contribution of manufacturing to the GDP over the last five years,
and how this has led to the growth of the economy of South Africa.
(6 x 2) (12)

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3.6 Study FIGURE 3.6 which shows the location of some industrial development
zones (IDZs) in South Africa.

3.6.1 What is an industrial development zone? (1 x 2) (2)

3.6.2 Which IDZ has the largest investment to date? (1 x 2) (2)

3.6.3 Give TWO reasons for the development of IDZs by the

government. (2 x 2) (4)

3.6.4 Name TWO incentives that government offers to industries that are
established in IDZs. (2 x 2) (4)

3.6.5 Explain how IDZs have improved the lives of people living in
underdeveloped rural areas. (3 x 2) (6)
[100]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches a description

in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–F) next to the question number
(4.1.1–4.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
4.1.1 An increasing percentage of people that A counter-
live in cities urbanisation

4.1.2 The process whereby people move out B urban sprawl

of cities to rural areas
C urbanisation
4.1.3 The physical growth of an urban
settlement D rural depopulation

4.1.4 Uncontrolled growth of an urban area E urban expansion

4.1.5 A decrease in the number of people F urban growth

living in rural areas
(5 x 2) (10)

4.2 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the
word/term next to the question number (4.2.1–4.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

4.2.1 The exchange of goods and services between countries (1 x 2) (2)

4.2.2 Goods that are brought into a country (1 x 2) (2)

4.2.3 A financial statement showing the value of a country's transactions

with other countries (1 x 2) (2)

4.2.4 The difference in value between a country's imports and exports

(1 x 2) (2)

4.2.5 When the value of a country's exports is greater than its imports
(1 x 2) (2)
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4.3 Examine the cartoon in FIGURE 4.3 on illegal immigrants and answer the
questions that follow.

4.3.1 Who is an illegal immigrant? (1 x 2) (2)

4.3.2 Comment on the government's attitude to illegal immigrants with

reference to the cartoon. (2 x 2) (4)

4.3.3 Give TWO reasons why people all over the world want illegal
immigration to be stopped. (2 x 2) (4)

4.3.4 Give TWO reasons why South Africa attracts such a large of
number of illegal immigrants from other African countries. (2 x 2) (4)

4.4 Study the map in FIGURE 4.4, which shows countries with the highest
number of HIV/Aids-related deaths.

4.4.1 Name the country with the highest number of HIV/Aids-related

deaths. (1 x 2) (2)

4.4.2 Give any TWO reasons for the high number of HIV/Aids-related
deaths in Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

4.4.3 Give any TWO solutions that would reduce the number of
HIV/Aids-related deaths. (2 x 2) (4)

4.4.4 Study the projected deaths up to 2015 and comment on the

effectiveness of programmes to reduce HIV/Aids-related deaths.
(2 x 2) (4)

4.4.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) detailing the economic

and social impact of HIV/Aids on rural settlement patterns in
African countries. (6 x 2) (12)

4.5 Read the newspaper article entitled 'Formal sector sheds (loses) jobs' in
FIGURE 4.5.

4.5.1 What does the formal sector refer to? (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.2 Give TWO reasons for the shift in the number of jobs from the
formal to the informal sector. (2 x 2) (4)

4.5.3 Which industry lost the largest number of jobs? (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.4 Why is the change in jobs from the formal to the informal sector not
good for the economy of South Africa? (1 x 2) (2)

4.5.5 Discuss THREE challenges for the informal sector in South Africa.
(3 x 2) (6)
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4.6 Study the graph in FIGURE 4.6 based on South Africa's trade with China.

4.6.1 Did South Africa have a favourable or unfavourable balance of

trade with China between 2008 and 2012? (1 x 2) (2)

4.6.2 With reference to your answer to QUESTION 4.6.1, how did South
Africa's balance of trade with China affect the economy of South
Africa? (1 x 2) (2)

4.6.3 Identify TWO trends/patterns evident on the graph in the trade

relationship between South Africa and China between 1995 and
2015. (2 x 2) (4)

4.6.4 Give TWO possible reasons for the greater difference in imports
and exports between South Africa and China from 2008 to 2015.
(2 x 2) (4)

4.6.5 Write a paragraph (approximately 12 lines) evaluating the

advantages and disadvantages of South Africa's trade with global
economies such as China. (6 x 2) (12)
[100]

GRAND TOTAL: 300

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