Lecture-3
Lecture-3
Lecture-3
Lecture 3
• HL-93 Design Tandem consist of twin axles spaced 4’ (1.2m) apart, weight
of each axle is 25kip (110 kN). The distance between the tyres in an axle is
6’ (1.8m).
• The AASHTO [A3.6.1.6] pedestrian load is 0.075 ksf (3.6 × 10−3 MPa),
which is applied to sidewalks that are integral with a roadway bridge. If the
load is applied to a bridge restricted to pedestrian and/or bicycle traffic,
then a 0.085 ksf (4.1 × 10−3 MPa) live load is used. These loads are
comparable to the building corridor load of 0.100 ksf (4.8 × 10−3 MPa) of
the International Building Code (IBC, 2003).
• The railing for pedestrian and/or bicycle must be designed for a load of
0.050 kip/ft (0.73 N/mm), both transversely and vertically on each
longitudinal element in the railing system [A13.8.2 and A13.9.3]. In
addition, as shown in Figure 4.8, railing must be designed to sustain a
single concentrated load of 0.200 kips (890 N) applied to the top rail at any
location and in any direction.
• The gravity loads for the design of the deck system are outlined in
AASHTO [A3.6.1.3.3]. The deck must be designed for the load effect due to
the design truck or the design tandem, whichever creates the most
extreme effect.
• The two design vehicles should not be considered together in the same
load case. For example, a design truck in a lane adjacent to a design
tandem is not considered (consider all trucks of one kind).
• The design lane load is not considered in the design of the deck system,
except in slab bridges where the load is carried principally in the
longitudinal direction.
• The vehicular gravity loads for decks may be found in AASHTO [A3.6.1.3].
• The deck overhang, located outside the facia girder and commonly
referred to as the cantilever, is designed for the load effect of a uniform
line load of 1 kip/ft (14.6 N/mm) located 1 ft (300 mm) from the face of the
curb or railing as shown in Figure 4.9.