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    Theoretical Aspects IB MYP Students

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    Theoretical Aspects IB MYP Students

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    Theoretical Aspects IB MYP Students

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    shikha

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    Theoretical Aspects and Examples for IB

    MYP Students
    1. Functions (Domain, Range, Inverse Function)
    Key Concepts:

    - Domain: The set of all possible input values (x-values) for which the function is defined.

    - Range: The set of all possible output values (y-values) that a function can produce.

    - Inverse Function: A function that 'reverses' the effect of the original function, such that
    f(f^{-1}(x)) = x and f^{-1}(f(x)) = x.

    Examples:
    1. Domain and Range:

    - Example 1: Consider f(x) = √x. The domain is x ≥ 0 and the range is y ≥ 0.

    - Example 2: For f(x) = 1/(x-2), the domain is all real numbers except x = 2, and the range is
    all real numbers except y = 0.

    2. Inverse Function:

    - Example 1: Let f(x) = 2x + 3. The inverse function f^{-1}(x) is f^{-1}(x) = (x-3)/2.

    - Example 2: For f(x) = 1/x, the inverse is itself, i.e., f^{-1}(x) = 1/x.

    2. Function Transformations
    Key Concepts:

    - Vertical Shifts: Shifts the graph up or down.

    - Horizontal Shifts: Shifts the graph left or right.

    - Reflections: Reflects the graph about the x-axis or y-axis.

    - Vertical Stretch/Compression: Stretches or compresses the graph vertically.

    - Horizontal Stretch/Compression: Stretches or compresses the graph horizontally.

    Examples:
    1. Vertical and Horizontal Shifts:
    - Example 1: f(x) = (x-2)^2 represents a horizontal shift 2 units to the right of the parent
    function f(x) = x^2.

    - Example 2: f(x) = x^2 + 3 represents a vertical shift 3 units upwards from the parent
    function f(x) = x^2.

    2. Reflections and Stretching/Compression:

    - Example 1: f(x) = -x^2 reflects the graph of f(x) = x^2 across the x-axis.

    - Example 2: f(x) = 2x^2 stretches the graph vertically, while f(x) = 1/2x^2 compresses the
    graph vertically.

    3. Graph of Rational Functions


    Key Concepts:

    - Asymptotes: Vertical asymptotes occur when the denominator equals zero, and horizontal
    asymptotes depend on the degrees of the polynomials.

    - End Behavior: Describes how the function behaves as x approaches very large positive or
    negative values.

    Examples:
    1. Asymptotes:

    - Example 1: For f(x) = 1/(x-3), there is a vertical asymptote at x = 3 and a horizontal


    asymptote at y = 0.

    - Example 2: For f(x) = 2x/(x+1), there is a vertical asymptote at x = -1 and a horizontal


    asymptote at y = 2.

    2. Holes and End Behavior:

    - Example 1: For f(x) = (x-1)(x+2)/(x-1)(x-3), there is a hole at x = 1 and a vertical


    asymptote at x = 3.

    - Example 2: For f(x) = (x^2 - 4)/(x - 2), there is a hole at x = 2.

    Finding the Range of Rational Functions


    Steps to Find the Range of Rational Functions:

    1. Identify the domain.

    2. Find horizontal or oblique asymptotes.

    3. Solve for y.
    4. Check for any restrictions due to asymptotes or holes.

    Examples:
    Example 1:

    f(x) = (x + 2)/(x - 1).

    Range: y ∈ (-∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞).

    Example 2:

    f(x) = (x^2 - 4)/(x + 3).

    Range: y ∈ (-∞, ∞).

    Example 3:

    f(x) = 2x/(x^2 + 1).

    Range: y ∈ [-1, 1].

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