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SUBJECT: DATA PROCESSING
CLASS: SS 1
TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM
TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system, or “OS”, is software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run. An operating system is a software that manages the computer hardware and provides common services for execution of various application software operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware. An operating system is the program that after being loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer.
OBJECT OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Convenience: makes computer user friendly. 2. Efficiency: allows computer to use resources efficiently. 3. Ability to evolve: Constructed in a way to permit effective development, testing and introduction of new functions without interfering with service.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Single user operating system 2. Multi – user operating system 3. Multi – tasking operating system 4. Distributed operating system 5. Batch processing operating system 6. Real – time operating system 7. Command based OS 8. Network operating system 9. GUI 1. Single – User Operating System: A single user operating system is an operating system that is designed to manage the computer resource and allocates them to one user. Examples are MS – DOS, Some versions of windows operating system etc. 2. Multi – User Operating System: is an operating system that allows access by multiple users of a computer. This operating system allows more than one user to run several programs at the same time. The process of running more than one program concurrently or at the same time is known as multiprogramming. Examples are : UNIX, XENIX etc. 3. Multi – Tasking Operating System: this type of OS, several application maybe simultaneously loaded and used in the memory. While the processor handles only one application at a particular time, it is capable of switching between the applications effectively to apparently execute each application. Examples are all windows operating system. 4. Distributed Operating System: In a distributed system, software and data may be distributed around the system, programs and files may be stored on different storage devices which are located in different geographical locations and maybe accessed from different computer terminals. 5. Batch Processing Operating System: In a batch process operating system, interaction between the user and processor is limited or there is no interaction at all during the execution of work. Data and programs that need to be processed are bundled and collected as a “batch” and executed together. Batch processing operating systems are ideal in situation where: 1. There are large amounts of data to be processed. 2. Similar processing is involved when executing the data.
6. Real – Time Operating System: A real time OS processes inputs simultaneously, fast enough to affect the next input or process. It is used to control complex systems that require a lot of processing like machinery and industrial systems. 7. Dos: It is operating system software used in most computers that provides the abstraction and management of secondary storage devices and the information on them. 8. GUI (Graphical User Interface): operating systems of this class have interactive features which make them user friendly, easier to use, etc. examples are: Ms Windows, Linus etc. 9. Network Operating System: A network operating systems links computers and users together to share resources and communicate with one another. Common examples includes: windows NT, Windows server 2003 etc.
