Algebraic Fractions

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 13

ALGEBRA AND

EQUATIONS 2
Can you crack
the code, Mr X?

s
ge
pa
Contents
e
2:01 Further algebraic fractions 2:04 Factorising quadratic trinomials
Fun spot 2:01 An a-MAZE-ing house! 2:05 Quadratic equations
pl

2:02 Expanding and factorising Fun spot 2:05 What did the computer say
Challenge 2:02 Grouping in pairs at lunchtime?
Binomial products Maths terms, Diagnostic test, Assignments
m

2:03

Syllabus references (See pages x–xiii for details.)


Sa

Number and Algebra


Selections from Algebraic Techniques and Equations [Stage 5.2]
• Factorise algebraic expressions by taking out a common algebraic factor (ACMNA230)
• Apply the four operations to algebraic fractions with pronumerals in the denominator (NSW)
• Expand binomial products and factorise monic quadratic expressions using a variety of strategies (ACMNA233)
• Solve simple quadratic equations using a range of strategies (ACMNA241)

Working Mathematically
• Communicating  • Problem Solving  • Reasoning  • Understanding  • Fluency

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 27 5/12/13 4:27 PM


Before starting this chapter it would be beneficial to review the algebra and equations met in
Year 9 by completing sections 1:02, 1:05, 1:06 and 1:10.

2:01 Further algebraic fractions


PREP QUIZ 2:01
Rewrite these fractions in their simplest form.
6 4a 10x np 9 p2
1 2 3 4 5
8 5a 5xy mn 12 pq
Simplify these expressions.
5x 3 ay y x 3x n n 2p p
6 × 7 ÷ 8 + 9 + 10 −
6 x m am 5 5 6 4 3 2

s
In Year 9 you were shown how to simplify algebraic fractions as well as how to perform the four

ge
basic operations.
The Prep quiz above should have reminded you of these skills. In this section we will extend the
addition and subtraction of fractions to those with pronumerals in the denominator.
pa
Addition and subtraction
When adding or subtracting two fractions you should remember this rule.
e

Rewrite each fraction as two equivalent fractions with a


pl

common denominator, then add or subtract the numerators.


m

WORKED EXAMPLE 1
If the denominators are the same, simply add or subtract the numerators.
Sa

2x 3x 2 x + 3x 5 3 5−3
a + = b − =
5 5 5 a a a
1
5x 2
= =
5 a
1
=x

28 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 28 5/12/13 4:27 PM


WORKED EXAMPLE 2
If the denominators are different, first find the lowest common multiple (LCM).
x 2x x × 3 2x × 4 5 2 5×3 2×2
a + = + b + = −
4 3 4×3 3×4 2x 3x 2 x × 3 3x × 2
3x 8 x 15 4
= + = −
12 12 6x 6x
11x 11
= =
12 6x
5n 3n 10n 9n 2a 3a 8a 3a
c − = − d − = −
6 4 12 12 n 4n 4n 4n
n 5a
= =
12 4n

Multiplication and division

s
When multiplying: • cancel any common factors

ge
• multiply the numerators together and multiply
the denominators together.
When dividing: • turn the second fraction upside down
pa
• multiply as above (i.e. invert and multiply).

Remembering the index laws can also be useful.

When multiplying, add the indices. When dividing, subtract the indices.
e

5+3
5 3
e.g. a × a = a =a 8
e.g. a5 ÷ a3 = a5 − 3 = a2
pl

WORKED EXAMPLES
m

1 1 3 3
2ab 9 2a b 9 x 2y 4 9 x2 y 4 2 9
Sa

1 × = × 2 × 3 2 = × 31 2
3 4b 13 2 4 b1 6 x y 26 x y
a×3
= y2 × 3
1× 2 = Don’t forget
2×x
3a to invert the
= 3y 2 second fraction
2 =
2x when dividing.

‘Invert’ means
1 1 3 1 1 ‘turn upside
2m p 2 3 1 2
2mp 8p 15 m n 3x 15x 3x 4y down’.
3 ÷ = × 4 5 ÷ = ×
5n 15mn 54 31
1 5 n1 4 8 p1 8y 4y 2 8y 5 15 x
m × 3m 1× 1
= =
1× 4 2 y 4 × 5x
3m 2 1
= =
4 10xy 4

2 Algebra and equations 29


ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 29 5/12/13 4:27 PM
Exercise 2:01 Foundation worksheet 2:01A & B
Simplifying algebraic fractions

1 Simplify the following.


3a a 3x 2 x a 4a 9m 3m
a + b − c + d −
2 2 5 5 3 3 10 10
x y 5a 2b 2 3 7 1
e + f − g + h +
4 4 3 3 a a x x
3 2 9 1 5a 2a 2 x 3x
i − j − k + l −
y y m m x x y y
5 7 3 1 8a 2a 7m 3m
m + n − o + p −
3n 3n 2x 2x 5b 5b 4x 4x
2 Reduce each of these expressions to its simplest form.
x x a a y y m m
a + b + c − d −
3 5 2 5 3 4 2 4

s
2a a 5x 2 x 3n n 4 p 3p
e + f + g − h −

ge
3 2 3 4 8 4 5 10
x y 2a 3b 3m n k 2l
i + j − k − l −
4 3 3 2 5 2 6 4
2 4 1 2
pa 7 2 5 1
m + n + o − p −
x 3x 3a 4a 2m 5m 8x 2x
2a 3a x 2x 5m 3m 2x y
q + r − s + t +
e
3x 2 x 3m m 2n 4 n 3a 4a
3 Simplify these products.
pl

x y a b m m a a
a × b × c × d ×
2 3 4 3 2 5 4 10
m

3 4 2 1 1 4 1 1
e × f × g × h ×
a m x y p p n 3n
Sa

p x 2 a m 10 3x 2
i × j × k × l ×
q y a 4 5 n 5 9x
ab 2 x y 6m 15a 8 x 2a
m × n × o × p ×
3 b y x 5a 2m 5 p 3x
4 Simplify these divisions.
m m n n 5a 2a x 3x
a ÷ b ÷ c ÷ d ÷
2 4 3 5 3 9 5 10
5 2 3 1 a 2a 3x x
e ÷ f ÷ g ÷ h ÷
a a 2m 3m b b 5y 10y
a x 2p 8p 10k 2k a a
i ÷ j ÷ k ÷ l ÷
b y 3q 9q 3n 9n 2 3
xy y b ab xy y 9a 4 a
m ÷ n ÷ o ÷ p ÷
2 4 2 6 c cx b 3b

30 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 30 5/12/13 4:27 PM


Simplify these expressions.
a 12 2 p 15 6
5 a × b × c ÷5 d 3b ÷
3 5a p 3 x b
xy 2z ab a 9m 4m 2x x
e × f ÷ g × h ÷
z x c c 2 3 y 2y
4 p 3 2 4ab xy 9bc 6b
i × j × k × l ÷
pq q a b x 2ac 2a 4 a
2 x 9 b c a 8bc 9a 1 8 2a 8
m × × n × × o × × p × ÷
x 3 4 c a b 3a b 4c a 15 3
y5 6 a4 6 m2 10n 6
6 a × 2 b × 6 c ×
3 y 8 a 4n 5 5m 3
x 2y 3 6 a 3b 2 6b 5m 4 12n 6
d × 3 2 e × 5 f ×
12 x y 3a b 3n 3 15m 2

s
4a 3 6x 5z 3 k 3n 2 10kn pq 2 pr 6
g × h 5 × i ×
x 2z 3 3a 2 5k n5 qr 3 p 2q 2r 2

ge
3x 5 9x 3 5m 2 10m 4 3 5
7 a ÷ b ÷ c 3 ÷
2 8 6 pa 9 2y 4y6
4x6 5x 2 5a 3 10a 2 p6 5 p2
d ÷ e ÷ f ÷
3y 5 6y 3b 4 6b 4q5 6q 4
x 6y 2 x4 fg 3 f 3g 5ax 3 15b 2 x 2
g ÷ h ÷ i ÷
z3 yz 5 3h5 6h 2 4by 5 8ay 7
e
pl

FUN SPOT 2:01 an a-maze-ing house!


The diagram shows the plan of a house with five rooms. There is a doorway between adjacent
m

rooms as well as nine doors opening to the outside.


Is it possible to walk through each and every door of the house
Sa

without going through any door twice? You can start anywhere, This is harder
inside or outside the house. than it looks!

2 Algebra and equations 31


ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 31 5/12/13 4:27 PM
2:02 Expanding and factorising
PREP QUIZ 2:02
Expand: 1 3(a + 5) 2 m(m − 6) 3 2y( 3y + z) 4 −5( 4x − 1)
3 4
Simplify: 5 p ×p 6 5x2 × 3x5 7 3m2n4 × 4mn3
What is the highest common factor (HCF) of:
8 12 and 20 9 5ab and 10bc 10 x2y5 and x3y4

The Prep quiz above should have reminded you about expanding algebraic expressions.
Each number inside the grouping symbols is multiplied by the term outside.
If we expand the expression 2(x + 4), we obtain 2x + 8. To factorise 2x + 8, we simply reverse this
procedure. We notice that 2 is the highest common factor of 2x and 8, so 2 is written outside the
parentheses and the remainder is written inside the parentheses: 2x + 8 = 2(x + 4).

s
ge
‘Gnidnapxe’ is the
reverse of ‘expanding’.
expand pa
2(x + 4) 2x + 8 It’s ‘factorising’,
you dummy!
factorise
e
pl

This section is a review of these two skills that are needed throughout this chapter. The worked
examples below also include expressions that involve skills used when multiplying with indices.
m

WORKED EXAMPLE 1
Sa

Expand, and simplify, each expression.


a x(x + 5) = x × x + x × 5
= x2 + 5x
b 5a(3a − 2b) = 5a × 3a − 5a × 2b
= 15a2 − 10ab
c 3p(p + 4) − 5(2p − 3) =
 3p × p + 3p × 4 − 5 × 2p − 5 × (-3)
= 3p2 + 12p − 10p + 15
The expression
= 3p2 + 2p + 15 –(7 – 2m)
is the same as
d y2(y3 + 5) = y5 + 5y2 –1(7 – 2m)
e 4n2m3(2n3 − 5m4) = 8n5m3 − 20n2m7
f w3(w2 − 4) − (w3 + 2) = w5 − 4w3 − w3 − 2
= w5 − 5w3 − 2

32 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 32 5/12/13 4:27 PM


WORKED EXAMPLE 2
Factorise these expressions by taking out the highest common factor.
a 9a + 12b = 3 × 3a + 3 × 4b HCF = 3
= 3(3a + 4b)
b 10x2 − 5xy = 5x × 2x − 5x × y HCF = 5x
= 5x(2x − y)
2
c 6m − 9m + 3mn = 3m(2m − 3 + n)
d -p2 + 5pq = -p × p − (-p) × 5q HCF = -p
= -p(p − 5q)
e x + 6x = x2(x3 + 6)
5 2
HCF = x2
f 4m5n3 − 6m2n6 = 2m2n3(2m3 − 3n3 ) HCF = 2m2n3
g 3x2y3 − 12x3y4 + 9x4y2 = 3x2y2(y − 4xy2 + 3x2 ) HCF = 3x2y2

s
Exercise 2:02

ge
Foundation worksheet 2:02A
Grouping symbols
Foundation worksheet 2:02B
Common factors
1 Expand the following.
a a(a + 7) b x(x − 1)
pa c y(2y + 7) d 5p(p − 4)
e 6z(3 + 7z) f 2a(3a − 1) g 4k(2k + 3m) h 8m(n − 3m)
i -2(x + 5) j −7(y − 5) k −(m + 4) l −4(3k − 1)
m -p(p + 1) n -x(x − y) o -2z(3z + 5) p -ab(a − b)
e

2 Simplify:
pl

a 2(a + 3) + 5a + 2 b 3(x + 5) + 7x − 8 c 5(y − 2) + 3y + 7


d 4(a − 1) + 6a − 5 e 3(p + 2) − 2p + 4 f 10(m + 3)− 11m − 15
m

g 5a + 6 + 2(a + 7) h 2x + 7 + 5(x − 1) i 7n − 4 + 3(n − 1)


j 4h − 1 + 7(h + 2) k 6x + 2(x + 1) + 5 l 4y + 6(y + 2) − 10
m 3a + 10 − 2(a + 1) n 10m + 4 − 5(m + 4)
Sa

3 Simplify each expression by expanding the grouping symbols and then collecting like terms.
a 3(x − 2) − 2 (x + 1) b 5(y + 2) + 3(y + 4) c 2(a − 1) + 5(a − 1)
d 8(m − 3) + 5(m + 2) e 4(3x + 2) + 5(x − 4) f 6(x + 7) + 2(2x − 1)
g 5(x − 7) − 3(x − 4) h 6(m + 1) − 3(m + 2) i 9(a + 5) − 7(a − 3)
j 5(n − 5) − 3(n + 7) k x(x + 3) + 3(x + 1) l a(a + 3) + 7(a − 3)
m m(m + 3) − 4(m + 3) n t(t − 5) − 4(t − 5) o a(a + 2b) + a(2a + b)
p x(x − y) + y(x + y)
4 Expand and simplify:
a x2(x2 − 1) b a3(5 − a2) c a2(5a − a3)
d x(x2 + y) e m(7 − m2) f y(y2 − xy)
g 3a2(2a3 + 3a) h 5x(3x2 − x) i 2m3(n2 − m2)
j x(5x2 − 3x + 7) k x2(2x2 + 7x − 14) l y(y2 − 7y − 1)
m a2b3(a3 − b4) n 2x2y(2x3 − 3y4) o 6nm3(2n3m − 5nm4)
p x3(x2 − 3) + 4(x3 + 2) q m3(m3 − 1) − m4(m2 + 2) r z5(z2 − 4) − (z5 − 1)

2 Algebra and equations 33


ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 33 5/12/13 4:27 PM
5 Factorise fully the following expressions.
a 9x + 6 b 10 + 15a c 4m − 6n
d x2 + 7x e 2a2− 3a f 12y − 6y2
g ab − bx h st − s i 4ab + 10bc
j −4m + 6n k -x2 − 3x l -15a + 5ab
m 3x + x2 − ax n ax + ay + az o 4m − 8n + 6p
p 5ab − 15ac + 10ad q x2 − 7x + xy r a(a + 3) − (a + 3)
6 Using the rule for multiplying with indices, factorise the following expressions.
a x3 + 4x2 b a5 − 6a3 c p6 + p4 d y5 − 3y2
e 2x3 + 6x4 f 5a5 − 10a4 g 6p6 + 3p h 5y − 3y2
3 2 2 5 3 3 5 6 2 4 3
i x y + 4x y j a b −a b k p q +p q l y5z − y2z4
m 3m3n + 9m2n2 n 8a5b3 − 6a3b o 9p6q5 + 12p3q5 p 10xy5 − 4x4y2
7 Factorise these expressions.
a x2y3 + x3y2 + x4y4 b 3a2b3 − 6a3b5 + 9a4b4 c 8m3n2 + 12m5n + 4m4n2
d 5x2z2 − 10x3z3 + 15x4z4 e x2y3z4 − x3y4z2 + x4y2z3 f 9a2b3c5 + 3a5b4c3 + 6a4b2c4

s
CHALLENGE 2:02 GROUPING IN PAIRS

ge
For some algebraic expressions there may not be a factor common to every term. For example,
there is no factor common to every term in the expression:
3x + 3 + mx + m
pa
The first pair of terms have a common factor of 3 and
the second pair of terms have a common factor of m. So:
e

3x + 3 + mx + m = 3(x + 1) + m(x + 1)
pl

Now, it can be seen that (x + 1) is a common factor for


each term.
m

3(x + 1) + m(x + 1) = (x + 1)(3 + m)


Therefore:
Sa

3x + 3 + mx + m = (x + 1)(3 + m)
The original expression has been factorised by grouping the terms in pairs.

Exercises
1 Complete the factorisation of each expression.
a 5(a + 1) + b(a + 1) b 4(y − 3) + x(y − 3) ab + ac + bd + cd = a(b + c) + d(b + c)
c p(q + 7) − 5(q + 7) d m(p + q) + n(p + q) = (b + c)(a + d )
e a(a − b) + b(a − b) f 2x(y + 3) − (y + 3)
2 Factorise these expressions.
These will be
a 6x + 6 + ax + a b 8 p − 8q + mp − mq c ab + 3bc + 5a + 15c
treated further
d x 2 + xy + xz + yz e ab + b + 4a + 4 f 12m 2 + 16m + 3mn + 4 n
in Chapter 10.
g mn − m + n − 1 h x3 + x2 + x + 1 i a 2 + bc + ac + ab

34 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 34 5/12/13 4:27 PM


2:03 Binomial products
PREP QUIZ 2:03
Simplify: 1 5x + 7x 2 2a − a
3 x2 + 3x − 5x + 3
Expand: 4 2(x + 5) 5 x(x − 2)
6 -3(a + 1) 7 -y(5 − y)
Expand and simplify: 8 x(x + 1) + 3(x + 1) 9 5(a + 5) − a(a + 5)
10 2x(3x − 2) − 5(3x + 2)

A binomial expression contains two terms, e.g. 2x − 7 or a + b.


A binomial product is the product of two such expressions, e.g. (2x − 7)(a + 5).

s
Multiplying binomial expressions

ge
The expansion of binomial products may be demonstrated (2a + 6)(a + 9) by areas
by considering the area of a rectangle with dimensions (a + 9)
(2a + 6) and (a + 9).
pa
• The area of the whole rectangle must be equal to the sum
of the four smaller areas.
• Area = (2a + 6)(a + 9) 2a × a 2a × 9
2a
= 2a(a + 9) + 6(a + 9)
e
(2a + 6)
= 2a2 + 18a + 6a + 54
pl

= 2a2 + 24a + 54
• We can see that the product of two binomials has four
m

terms. Often two of these may be added together to 6×a 6×9 6


simplify the answer.
Sa

a 9

WORKED EXAMPLEs
You should notice that each term in
1 (a + 2)(b + 4) = a(b + 4) + 2(b + 4) the first binomial is multiplied by each
= ab + 4a + 2b + 8 term in the second. That set-out
2x2 −15 looks familiar.
2 (a − 2)(a + 7) = a(a + 7) − 2(a + 7)
= a2 + 7a − 2a − 14 (x + 5)(2x − 3)
= a2 + 5a − 14 10x
−3x
3 (x + 2y)(2x + y) = x(2x + y) + 2y(2x + y) = 2x2 + 10x − 3x − 15
2 2
= 2x + xy + 4xy + 2y = 2x2 + 7x − 15
= 2x2 + 5xy + 2y2
4 (1 − x)(x − 3) = 1(x − 3) − x(x − 3) (a + b)(c + d ) = a(c + d ) + b(c + d )
= x − 3 − x2 + 3x = ac + ad + bc + bd
= 4x − x2 − 3

2 Algebra and equations 35


ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 35 5/12/13 4:27 PM
Exercise 2:03
1 Expand the following binomial products.
a (a + 2)(b + 3) b (x + 1)(y + 4) c (m + 7)(n + 5) d (a + 3)(x + 2)
e (p + 5)(q + 4) f (2x + 1)(y + 3) g (a + 6)(3p + 2) h (4x + 1)(2y + 3)
i (3a + 1)(2b − 7) j (7x + 5)(2p + 1) k (5p + 3)(x − 4) l (2x + y)(a + 2b)
2 Expand the following and collect the like terms.
a (a + 2)(a + 3) b (x + 1)(x + 5) c (n + 3)(n + 4) d (p + 2)(p + 5)
e (m + 1)(m − 3) f (y + 7)(y − 2) g (x + 1)(x − 6) h (t + 2)(t − 4)
i (x − 2)(x − 4) j (n − 7)(n − 1) k (a − 6)(a − 3) l (x − 10)(x − 9)
m (y − 11)(y + 7) n (a − 2)(a + 1) o (x − 8)(x − 8) p (m − 9)(m − 2)
q (a − 3)(a + 3) r (x − 7)(x + 3) s (y + 12)(y + 5) t (a − 8)(a + 8)
u (q + 5)(q + 5) v (x − 1)(x − 9) w (t + 3)(t + 10) x (k − 8)(k + 11)
3 Find these products and simplify.
a (a + 3)(2a + 1) b (2x + 1)(x + 2) (3m + 2)(m + 5) (y + 3)(4y + 1)

s
c d
e (2x + 1)(2x + 3) f (3n + 2)(2n + 1) g (2x + 3)(4x + 3) h (5t + 2)(2t + 3)

ge
i (2x − 2)(5x − 1) j (8p + 1)(3p − 2) k (5m − 2)(2m − 5) l (3q + 1)(7q − 2)
m (3x + 2)(6x − 2) n (2n + 3)(2n − 3) o (8y − 1)(8y + 1) p (3k − 2)(5k − 3)
q (7p − 1)(7p − 1) r (3x − 1)(5x − 3) s (5x + 4)(5x + 4) t (9y − 4)(3y + 2)
u (5p + 2)(p − 7) v (10q − 1)(q − 10)
pa w (4a + 3)(3a + 4) x (7p + 5)(7p − 5)
4 Expand and simplify:
a (3 + x)(4 + x) b (5 − a)(2 − a) c (7 + m)(1 − m)
d (3 − n)(3 + n) e (4 + y)(y + 5) f (x − 7)(5 − x)
e

g (9 + k)(k + 10) h (2a + 1)(3 + a) i (3n + 1)(7 − 2n)


pl

j (x + y)(x + 2y) k (2n + m)(n + 2m) l (a − b)(2a + 3b)


m (2p − q)(2p + q) n (3x + y)(2x − 5y) o (3a + 2b)(2a + 3b)
m

p (9w − 5x)(9w − 5x)

2:04 Factorising quadratic


Sa

trinomials
PREP QUIZ 2:04
Expand: 1 (x + 2)(x + 3) 2 (a − 1)(a + 3) 3 (m − 7)(m − 2)
4 (x + 5)2 5 (a − 2)2
Find two numbers a and b where:
6 a + b = 5 and ab = 6 7 a + b = 9 and ab = 20
8 a + b = -2 and ab = -15 9 a + b = 3 and ab = −4
10 a + b = 7 and ab = -18

36 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 36 5/12/13 4:27 PM


ASSIGNMENT 2A Chapter review
1 Simplify each expression. 4 Take out the highest common factor
2x x 2a 5a to factorise these expressions.
a + b −
5 5 3 9 a m3 + 4m2
7x x 6 5 b 4n5 − 6n
c + d −
8 6 n n c a3b2 − a2b3
2 3 4a 2a d 9p6q5 + 6p5q6 − 12p4q4
e + f −
3y 2y 5w 3w 5 Factorise these expressions.
2p q 2a 6b a 10x2 − 5x
g × h ×
3 4 3b 5a b a2 + ab − ac
2x 4x 7n 3n c y2 + 9y + 20
i ÷ j ÷
5 5 5m 10m d n2 − n − 12
4
k t 9 4a 3b 4 2c 2 e 8 − 6k + k2
k × 32 l ×
12 k t c3 3a 2b 5 f a(a + 4) − 5(a + 4)

s
4x 4
6x 3 8p q4 7
6 p 3q 2 g x3 + 5x2 + 6x
m ÷ n ÷
5y 3 5q4

ge
15y 10 p 6 Solve these equations.
2 Expand, and simplify where possible. a a2 − 36 = 0
a (x − 1)(x + 2) pab 4t2 − 9 = 0
b 5x + 3(x − 1) c m2 + 25 = 0
c 2(x + 3) − 2x − 3 d (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
d (2x + 1)(x − 7) e (n − 5)(n + 5) = 0
e (x + 5)(x − 5) f (x − 3)2 = 0
e
f (3x + 2)2 g 5w2 − 10w = 0
g x(x − 3) + 2(x + 1) h x2 − 7x + 12 = 0
pl

h (2 − x)(3 − x) i y2 − 4y − 45 = 0
i (x + y)(y − x) j 15 + 8p + p2 = 0
m

j (2x − y)2
7 a Rearrange 10 + 3y − y2 = 0 in the form
k x3(x3 − 1)
0 = y2 − 3y − 10, and then solve the
l 3x2y4(2xy3 + 5x3y)
Sa

equation.
3 Find an expression for the shaded area b Solve the equation:
of this rectangle. Expand and simplify 42 − m − m2 = 0
your answer.
8 Rearrange each equation and solve.
a y2 = 4y + 21
x+1 b n2 + 2n = 80
c z + 110 = z2
2x − 2 d x2 + 5x = 2x + 70

44 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 44 5/12/13 4:27 PM


ASSIGNMENT 2B Working mathematically
1 5 What is the smallest whole number that,
when multiplied by 7, will give you an
answer consisting entirely of 8s?
6 a From the data in the graph below, who
Move three dots in the diagram on the has the greater chance of having heart
left to obtain the diagram on the right. disease: a 60-year-old woman or a
2 A ladder hangs over the side of a ship. 60-year-old man?
The rungs in the ladder are each 2·5 cm b Who has the greater chance of having
thick and are 18 cm apart. The fifth rung cancer: a 50-year-old woman or a
from the bottom of the ladder is just above 50-year-old man?
the water level. If the tide is rising at a rate c Which of the three diseases reveals the
of 15·5 cm per hour, how many rungs will greatest gender difference for the age
be under water in 3 hours? range of 20 to 50 years?

s
d Would the number of 80-year-old men
3 A set of Australian coins consists of a 10c,
suffering from heart disease be greater

ge
20c, 50c, $1 and $2 coin. How many
or less than the number of 80-year-old
different sums of money can be obtained
women suffering from heart disease?
by taking any three of the coins?
Give a reason for your answer.
4 Roger started a trip into the country
pa
between 8 am and 9 am, when the hands of
the clock were together. He arrived at his
destination between 2 pm and 3 pm, when
e
the hands of the clock were exactly 180°
apart. For how long did he travel?
pl
m

Health risks
Sa

Per cent
MALE FEMALE
15
Heart disease
12
Heart
disease
9

Cancer
6
Cancer
Diabetes
3
Diabetes
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age
Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

2 Algebra and equations 45


ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 45 5/12/13 4:27 PM
ASSIGNMENT 2C Cumulative revision
1 a Find 15% of $125. 1:01D
b What percentage is $25 of $125?
c Decrease a price of $125 by 30%.
d 15% discount of a price is equal to $24. What is the full price?
2 Simplify these ratios. 1:01E
a 20 :  45 b 3⋅5 :  4⋅2 c 2 13 : 1 21

3 Simplify the following expressions. 1:02


2a 3a
a 5x − 2y − x + y b 6ab × 3ac c 10ax ÷ 5a d +
3 5
4 A card is drawn from a standard pack of 52 playing cards. 1:03
What is the probability the card is:
a red b a club c a Jack d the 7 of spades?

5 Find the area of each shape. 1:04

s
a 6·8 cm b

ge
4·8 cm

12·5 cm
5·2 cm
pa
8·6 cm
6 Evaluate: 1:05
e
a 52 × 25 b 45 ÷ 44 c 4-2 d (23)-1
pl

7 Solve these equations: 1:06


a 9m − 4 = 14 b 5x − 7 = 3x − 1 c 6(2a + 3) = 2(5a + 11)
m

8 Yvonne is paid an hourly rate of $28.40 for a 36 hour week. The first 6 hours 1:07
overtime are paid at time-and-a-half; after that extra hours worked are paid
Sa

double-time. Find Yvonne’s wage for a week in which she works 45 hours.
9 For these triangles, find: 1:11
a the value of x to one decimal place b the value of x to the nearest degree.

65° 10·6 cm
9·7 cm


x cm
6·9 cm
10 For the set of scores 3 5 4 7 5 4 8 3 4, find the: 1:12
a range b mode c median d mean e Q1 f Q3
g interquartile range.

46 Australian Signpost Mathematics New South Wales 10 Stages 5.1–5.2

ASM10SB5-2_02.indd 46 5/12/13 4:27 PM

You might also like