ECO-CONUT: THE EFFECTIVENSS OF USING

COCONUT HUSK (Cocos nucifera) AS AN ALTERNATIVE

MATERIAL FOR PAPER BAGS

A Quantitative Research
Submitted to the Faculty of Senior high School
Lalawigan National High School
Mercedes, Camarines Norte

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
(Quantitative Research)

Aquinde, Alex B.
Cadiz, Jolina N.
Dela Cruz, Mike B.
Estuaria, Reniel B.
Fernandez, Jhonbert M.
Fernando, Zyrelle V.
Nisurtado, Janelle Rose R.
Pano, Mark C.
Servidad, Jude Laurence
Veri, Catche F.

Grade 12 – GAS - Friendly

2025
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Study

Related Literatures

Coconut Coir as an Eco-bag

As stated by Munib (2021) comparing the durability and quality of canvas

cloth with coconut coir sack waste canvas various results depending on the

canvas type. Cloth as canvas exhibits lesser durability than coconut coir sacks

due to its greater thickness, strength, and quality and its inherent antimicrobial

properties that effectively that effectively combat bacterial growth, and fungi.

Also, these object possess enhanced strength, increased hardness, a smooth

texture, and a shiny appearance. Coconut coir is an adaptable fiber that finds

application in various industries, including the production of bags, sacks,

ropes, mats, handicrafts, and mats.

In the study published by Nandan et al. (2023), the tensile strength of the

coir fiber-based composite materials was stronger than that of the

conventional carry bag paper material. The impact value of composites based

on coir particulates exhibited a more significant impact than those based on

fibers. Nevertheless, it is significant that both of these materials exhibited a

higher impact value compared to the standard paper bag material. This

material is exhibited a higher water absorption capacity, rendering it unsuitable

for applications involving the transportation of aqueous fluids.

Banana Stems Fibers

The study by Directo et al. (2022) aims to develop an environmental

friendly bag using fibers obtained from the pseudostem of banana plants. This

study centers on the quality of banana stems in creating an Eco-bag as a

viable substitute for commercially available Eco-bags on the market. After the

plant is harvested, the pseudostem, which plays a crucial role in nutrient

transportation, is transformed into waste. The banana leaf is widely used in

multiple uses, such as food processing and packaging, particularly in countries

like Indonesia. The pseudostem has various potential applications, including

its use as a raw material for pulp and paper production and is suitability as a

fiber for textile manufacturing.

Additionally, it has been examined as a potential filler or structural

reinforcement in composite materials. The primary aim of this research is to

explore the possibilities of utilizing banana stem fiber as an alternative to

reduce plastic pollution and contribute to environmental sustainability. Upon

evaluating the collected data, using the stem of banana as a substitute for

paper bag is both practical and reasonably priced compared to commercially

labeled Eco-bags (Directo et al., 2022).

Organic Material as an Eco-bag

In this study published by Anggan et al. (2022), an assessment was

carried out to develop an Eco bag using fibers derived from Mauritius Hemp

(Furcraea foetida). This study aims to determine the efficacy of utilizing plant

fibers in the manufacturing of Eco-bags, evaluate the durability of the

enhancing the quality of the product.

Corn Husk Fibers

Related Studies

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: IPO Model

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
1. Does the coconut
husk an effective
alternative material in
making a paper bag? 1. Gathering of
Materials
2. What are the
characteristics of 2. Eco-bag making Coconut husk as an
using coconut husk alternative material for
3. Experimental paper bags
that makes it an
effective alternative 4. Observation and
material for paper Reviews
bags in terms of:
a. durability;
b. quality; and
c. capacity
3. What are the
recommendation you
can get based on the
result of the
experiment?

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: This figure shows that the study’s primary goal is to determine

whether coconut coir bags are more environmentally friendly than commercial

bags. The researchers used the Input-Process-Output model. The input

process is called the process from the outside. The procedure step cover

every action needed to come to ensure the effectiveness of the coconut coir
bags. The information and resources used during process combine to form the

outcome.

Notes

Munib (2021)

Nandan (2023)

Directo J., Moril I. A., Maestro, J., Sariba F., & Gan, R. (2022) Banana Stem

Fiber as Eco Paper Bag. Studocu. (RRS)

Anggaan, C. G., Enriquez, K. J., Abella, A., Colago, D., Concha, T., Celis, J.,

Balagas. W, and Azuelo, E. (2021, September). Production of Ecobag

from Mauritius Hemp (Furcraea Foetida L.) Fibers. International Journal

of Scientific & Technology Research, 10(9), 104-108. (RRL)

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the appropriate methods used for this study, such

as research design, research instrument, procedure of data gathering,

statistical treatment, collection of material, and research procedure. This part

guides the reader in understanding how the research was designed,

conducted, and analyzed.

Research Design

This study used an experimental quantitative research design to collect

data. The study attempts to know the Effectiveness of using Coconut Husk as

an alternative material for Paper Bags.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use the Likert scale research instrument. The Likert

scale will be used for the first research question, it is to collect respondent’s

opinions, and judgments on the product. The respondents will choose the

option that best describe the paper bag base on the research question. The

respondents can select from various option in response to a topic or statement

“strongly agree,” “agree,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree”. By using the

Likert scale method, we can get an advantage, it can be easily constructed,

and analyzed, resulting in savings in time and resources.

Figure 2

Likert Scales on determining which option is best for producing the eco-

friendly bags.

Statement #1 Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Statement #2

Statement #3

Strongly Agree – 4 (Exceptional or Excellent)

Agree – 3 (Performs Good)
Disagree – 2 (Satisfactory or Average)
Strongly Disagree – 1 (Below Standard or Poor)

Procedure of Data Gathering

In order to collect data, the researcher experiments about the coconut husk

by turning it into an Eco Friendly bag, and the researchers also observed it

while doing the procedure for the product and listing it on “Lab Notebook”. This

notebook contains about the trial and error during the procedure and the

material that were used in making the product and its measurements.

Statistical Treatment
Procedure

Figure 3

Planning and
Gathering of Testing
Materials

Evaluation
Fabrication and
Analysis

Planning and Gathering of Materials

In this stage, the researchers draw out the plan for the product, including

the conceptualization of the step-by-step sequence of the procedure and the

design for the Eco-bag.

In making the Eco-bag from coconut coir, the researchers will utilize

coconut coir as the primary component along with glue and adhesive. In

getting the coir, there must be ready pieces of coconut husk. Furthermore, the

materials used in this research are coconut coir as the primary material, glue,

water, scissors, a pencil, a hammer, a container, a puncher, and plastic wrap.

Fabrication

The following stages are involved in the production of the Coconut Husk as an

ECO-bag:

1. Get the coconut coir from coconut husk

2. Separate each strand of coconut coir until it become thoroughly separated

from each other.

3. Pour some glue with water in a container. Also, add the Coir and coat it with

glue. Make sure that the coir is fully covered with glue.

4. Place the plywood and line it with plastic wrap.

5. Lay the fibers into a Rectangular shape to form the Eco bag.

6. Cover it with another sheet of plastic and put the board on top of it.

7. Put some weight like rocks above and leave it to stand for 10 days to 2

weeks or until the fiber is completely dry.

8. When the coir base is already dry, draw the layout of the bag using a pencil

and cut it with scissor.

9. Fold the edges to create crease line. Use a hammer to fold the edges to be

flat.
10, Apply adhesive on the folded edges and proceed to form the shape of the

bag.

11. Punch two pairs of hole on the upper side of the eco bag to place the ends

of the handle.

Testing

In this part, the researcher seek to test the product. This will assess the

product’s durability. Tensile strength will be part of this test process. It is the

highest stress level that can withstand before breaking when stretched or

pulled. As a further matter, the durability and longevity of the Eco-bag will be

influenced by inserting and adding things to it.

Evaluation and Analysis

Data collection and statistical analysis are required to determine if the

coconut coir is suitable and has met the standard. A Likert scale was used to

gather the results or outcome that the researchers were finding about the Eco-

bag. After acquiring the data, the researchers will examine and analyse it,

leading to results.

Statistical Treatment

This study specifically aims to answer the following questions: Does the

coconut husk an effective alternative material in making a paper bag? What are

the characteristics of coconut husk that makes it an effective alternative

material for paper bag in terms of its (A) Durability and (B) Quality and (C)

Capacity? A different type of statistical tool will be used for each question.
Research Question #1

An Independent T-test will be used to determine the characteristics of

coconut