Mathematics Grade 10

Factorisation

Question 1: Common Factor and Common Bracket

Factorise the following completely:
1.1 4ℎ + 12ℎ𝑒𝑒 1.2 𝑥𝑥(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐) − 𝑦𝑦(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐)
1.3 4𝑎𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1.4 16𝑑𝑑4 + 32𝑑𝑑3 − 8𝑑𝑑2
1.5 6𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 2 − 3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1.6 (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)2 + 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
1.7 𝑥𝑥(3 − 𝑥𝑥) + 5(𝑥𝑥 − 3) 1.8 𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦 + 5) + 2(−𝑦𝑦 − 5)
2𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 4𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 1 1
1.9 + 1.10 −
3 9 ℎ ℎ2
1 1
1.11 ℎ+ 1.12 12𝑟𝑟 2 + 6𝑟𝑟 3
2 4
15𝑟𝑟 2 5𝑟𝑟
1.13 + 1.14 (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 7) + (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 4)
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞2

1.15 𝑘𝑘(𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑑) + (𝑑𝑑 − 𝑐𝑐) 1.16 𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)2 − 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑓𝑓

Question 2: Difference of two squares

Factorise the following completely:
1 1
2.1 9 − 𝑥𝑥 2 2.2 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2
4 9
1
2.3 16𝑟𝑟 2 − 9𝑠𝑠 2 2.4 𝑑𝑑 2 − 18𝑓𝑓 4
2

2.5 9𝑥𝑥 − 1 2.6 4𝑔𝑔4 − 64

2.7 80𝑝𝑝2 − 5𝑞𝑞 2 2.8 18𝑥𝑥 2 − 50
2.9 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2.10 𝑐𝑐 2 + 𝑑𝑑2
𝑦𝑦 2
2.11 4𝑦𝑦 − 16𝑥𝑥 2.12 2𝑥𝑥 2 −
2

Question 3: Sum or difference of two cubes

Factorise the following completely:
3.1 3𝑢𝑢3 + 81𝑞𝑞 3 3.2 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 64𝑎𝑎4 𝑏𝑏 4
3.3 24𝑥𝑥 4 + 3𝑦𝑦 3 𝑥𝑥 3.4 4𝑥𝑥 6 𝑦𝑦12 − 108
3.5 𝑐𝑐 3 + 𝑑𝑑3 3.6 8𝑐𝑐 6 − 125𝑑𝑑6

1
Mathematics Grade 10

Question 4: Grouping terms

Factorise the following completely:
4.1 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + 3𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 8𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 − 12𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 4.2 4 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥
4.3 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4.4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 + 1
4.5 6𝑥𝑥 − 24 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 4.6 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1
4.7 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 6 − 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑥 4.8 2𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 − 14𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 − 7𝑦𝑦 2

Question 5: Quadratic trinomials

5.1 Factorise the following completely:
5.1.1 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 4 5.1.2 −14𝑞𝑞 + 45 + 𝑞𝑞 2
5.1.3 𝑎𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 2 5.1.4 15 – 8𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦 2
5.1.5 𝑥𝑥 2 – 𝑥𝑥 – 9 5.1.6 𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 24𝑦𝑦 2
5.1.7 𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 16 5.1.8 3𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 9𝑥𝑥
5.1.9 81 + 18𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦 2

5.2 Factorise the following completely:

5.2.1 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 − 4𝑥𝑥 5.2.2 −30𝑥𝑥 2 − 45𝑥𝑥 + 30
5.2.3 9𝑥𝑥 2 − 27𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 20𝑦𝑦 2 5.2.4 −2𝑟𝑟 + 8𝑟𝑟 2 − 3
5.2.5 0,04𝑤𝑤 2 + 0,28𝑤𝑤 + 0,48 5.2.6 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3

Question 6: Mixed Practice

Factorise the following completely:
6.1 3𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 6.2 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎
6.3 𝑑𝑑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) − 𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥) 6.4 48 + 16𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2
6.5 27𝑓𝑓 4 𝑔𝑔 − 8𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 6.6 8𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 2 − 27𝑦𝑦 3
3𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
6.7 (𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙) − (𝑙𝑙 − 𝑘𝑘) 6.8 27𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏 3 + 1
4 4

6.9 3𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 6𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 + 10𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 6.10 2𝑎𝑎2 + 7𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏 2

2
Mathematics Grade 10

MEMO:
Question 1: Common Factor and Common Bracket
Factorise the following completely:
1.1 4ℎ + 12ℎ𝑒𝑒 1.2 𝑥𝑥(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐) − 𝑦𝑦(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐)
= 4ℎ(1 + 3𝑒𝑒) = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐)(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)
1.3 4𝑎𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1.4 16𝑑𝑑4 + 32𝑑𝑑3 − 8𝑑𝑑2
= 2𝑎𝑎(2𝑎𝑎 − 3𝑏𝑏) = 8𝑑𝑑 2 (2𝑑𝑑2 + 4𝑑𝑑 − 1)
1.5 6𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 2 − 3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 1.6 (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)2 + 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
= 3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(2𝑏𝑏 − 1) = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
= (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 1)
1.7 𝑥𝑥(3 − 𝑥𝑥) + 5(𝑥𝑥 − 3) 1.8 𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦 + 5) + 2(−𝑦𝑦 − 5)
= 𝑥𝑥(3 − 𝑥𝑥) − 5(3 − 𝑥𝑥) = 𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦 + 5) + 2(−5 − 𝑦𝑦)
= 𝑥𝑥(3 − 𝑥𝑥) − 5(3 − 𝑥𝑥) = 𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦 + 5) − 2(𝑦𝑦 + 5)
= (3 − 𝑥𝑥)(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = (𝑦𝑦 + 5)(𝑦𝑦 − 2)
2𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 4𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 1 1
1.9 + 1.10 −
3 9 ℎ ℎ2
2 2 1 1
= 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥(𝑦𝑦 + ) = (1 + )
3 3 ℎ ℎ
1 1
1.11 ℎ+ 1.12 12𝑟𝑟 2 + 6𝑟𝑟 3
2 4
1 1
= (ℎ + ) = 6𝑟𝑟 2 (2 + 𝑟𝑟)
2 2
15𝑟𝑟 2 5𝑟𝑟
1.13 + 1.14 (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 + 7) + (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 4)
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞2
5𝑟𝑟 1
= (3𝑟𝑟 + ) = (𝑥𝑥 − 3)[(𝑥𝑥 + 7) + (𝑥𝑥 − 4)]
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞

1.15 𝑘𝑘(𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑑) + (𝑑𝑑 − 𝑐𝑐) In both 1.15 and 1.16 𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)2 − 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑓𝑓
1.16 change the
= (𝑥𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥𝑥 + 3) sign in front of = 𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔) − (𝑔𝑔 − 𝑓𝑓)
= 𝑘𝑘(𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑑) − (𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑑) the bracket to = 𝑥𝑥(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔) + (𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)
‘create’ a
= (𝑐𝑐 − 𝑑𝑑)(𝑘𝑘 − 1) common bracket = (𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)[(𝑥𝑥)(𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔) + 1]
= (𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔)(𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + 1)
Question 2: Difference of two squares
Factorise the following completely:
1 1
2.1 9 − 𝑥𝑥 2 2.2 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2
4 9
1 1 1 1
= (3 − 𝑥𝑥)(3 + 𝑥𝑥) = ( 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)( 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)
2 3 2 3

3
Mathematics Grade 10

1
2.3 16𝑟𝑟 2 − 9𝑠𝑠 2 2.4 𝑑𝑑 2 − 18𝑓𝑓 4
2
1
= (4𝑟𝑟 − 3𝑠𝑠)(4𝑟𝑟 + 3𝑠𝑠) = (𝑑𝑑2 − 36𝑓𝑓 4 )
2
1
= (𝑑𝑑 − 6𝑓𝑓 2 )(𝑑𝑑 + 6𝑓𝑓 2 )
2
𝑥𝑥
2.5 9 −1 2.6 4𝑔𝑔4 − 64
= 32𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 4(𝑔𝑔4 − 16)
= (3𝑥𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 4(𝑔𝑔2 − 4)(𝑔𝑔2 + 4)
= 4(𝑔𝑔 − 2)(𝑔𝑔 + 2)(𝑔𝑔2 + 4)
2.7 80𝑝𝑝2 − 5𝑞𝑞 2 2.8 18𝑥𝑥 2 − 50
= 5(16𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑞 2 ) = 2(9𝑥𝑥 2 − 25)
= 5(4𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞)(4𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞) = 2(3𝑥𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥𝑥 + 5)
2.9 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 3 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2.10 𝑐𝑐 2 + 𝑑𝑑2
= 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑏𝑏 2 − 1) No factored form
= 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑏𝑏 + 1)(𝑏𝑏 − 1)
𝑦𝑦 2
2.11 4𝑦𝑦 − 16𝑥𝑥 (Advanced) 2.12 2𝑥𝑥 2 −
2
1
= 22𝑦𝑦 − 24𝑥𝑥 = (4𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 )
2
1
= (2𝑦𝑦 − 22𝑥𝑥 )(2𝑦𝑦 + 22𝑥𝑥 ) = (2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)(2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)
2

Question 3: Sum or difference of two cubes

Factorise the following completely:
Steps to solve sum or difference of cubes:
Example: 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑏𝑏 3
3 3
1. First bracket: � √𝑎𝑎3 + √𝑏𝑏 3 � = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
2. Second bracket Term 1: First term in first bracket squared = (𝑎𝑎2 …
3. Second bracket Term 2: Last term in first bracket squared= (𝑎𝑎2 … + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
4. Second bracket Middle Term: Multiply term 1 and 2 in the first bracket and change the
sign: = (𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
5. Final answer: 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑏𝑏 3 = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
REMEMBER: Always first check for common factor!

3.1 3𝑢𝑢3 + 81𝑞𝑞 3 3.2 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 64𝑎𝑎4 𝑏𝑏 4

= 3(𝑢𝑢3 + 27𝑞𝑞 3 ) = 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(1 − 8𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏 3 )
= 3(𝑢𝑢 + 3𝑞𝑞)(𝑢𝑢2 − 3𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + 9𝑞𝑞 2 ) = 8𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(1 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)(1 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏 2 )

4
Mathematics Grade 10

3.3 24𝑥𝑥 4 + 3𝑦𝑦 3 𝑥𝑥 3.4 4𝑥𝑥 6 𝑦𝑦12 − 108

= 3𝑥𝑥(8𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑦𝑦 3 ) = 4(𝑥𝑥 6 𝑦𝑦12 − 27)
= 3𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)(4𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 4[(𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 )3 − 27)]
= 4(𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 − 3)[(𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 )2 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 + 9]
= 4(𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 − 3)[𝑥𝑥 4 𝑦𝑦 8 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4 + 9]
3.5 𝑐𝑐 3 + 𝑑𝑑3 3.8 8𝑐𝑐 6 − 125𝑑𝑑6
= (𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑)(𝑐𝑐 2 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 2 ) = (2𝑐𝑐 2 − 5𝑑𝑑 2 )(4𝑐𝑐 4 + 10𝑐𝑐 2 𝑑𝑑2 + 25𝑑𝑑4 )

Question 4: Grouping terms

Factorise the following completely:
4.1 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + 3𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 8𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 − 12𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 4.2 4 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥
= 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 − 8𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + 3𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 12𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥) − 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 1)
= 2𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦) + 3𝑏𝑏(𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦) = 4(1 − 𝑥𝑥) + 𝑥𝑥(1 − 𝑥𝑥)
= (𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦)(2𝑔𝑔 + 3𝑏𝑏) = (1 − 𝑥𝑥)(4 + 𝑥𝑥)
4.3 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4.4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 + 1
= 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑛𝑛 + 1) + (𝑛𝑛 + 1)
= 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑚𝑚) + 𝑦𝑦(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑥𝑥) = (𝑛𝑛 + 1)(𝑚𝑚 + 1)
= (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑚𝑚)(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)
4.5 6𝑥𝑥 − 24 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 4.6 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1
= 6(𝑥𝑥 − 4) − 𝑦𝑦(𝑥𝑥 − 4) = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎(𝑥𝑥 − 1) − 1(𝑥𝑥 − 1)
= (𝑥𝑥 − 4)(6 − 𝑦𝑦) = (𝑥𝑥 − 1)(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 1)
4.7 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 6 − 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑥 4.8 2𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 − 14𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 − 7𝑦𝑦 2
= 2(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 3) − 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1) − 7𝑦𝑦 2 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)
= (𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 3)(2 − 𝑥𝑥) = 𝑦𝑦 2 (2𝑥𝑥 + 1)(𝑥𝑥 2 − 7)
Question 5: Quadratic trinomials
5.1 Factorise the following completely:
5.1.1 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 4 5.1.2 −14𝑞𝑞 + 45 + 𝑞𝑞 2
= 2(𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 𝑞𝑞 2 − 14𝑞𝑞 + 45
= 2(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 1) = (𝑞𝑞 − 9)(𝑞𝑞 − 5)
5.1.3 𝑎𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 2 5.1.4 15 – 8𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦 2
= (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 )(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 ) = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)2 = 𝑦𝑦 2 − 8𝑦𝑦 + 15
= (𝑦𝑦 − 5 )(𝑦𝑦 − 3)

5
Mathematics Grade 10

5.1.5 𝑥𝑥 2 – 𝑥𝑥 – 9 5.1.6 𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 24𝑦𝑦 2

Cannot factorise = (𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦)(𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦)
5.1.7 𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 16 5.1.8 3𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 9𝑥𝑥
= (𝑥𝑥 + 8)(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 3𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3)
= 3𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 3 )(𝑥𝑥 + 1)
5.1.9 81 + 18𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦 2
= 𝑦𝑦 2 + 18𝑦𝑦 + 81
= (𝑦𝑦 + 9)(𝑦𝑦 + 9)
= (𝑦𝑦 + 9)2
5.2 Factorise the following completely:
Solving Complex Trinomials:
Example: 15𝑎𝑎2 − 19𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑏𝑏 2
1. Find the factors for the first and third term:
15 x 1 6 x 1
5 x 3 3 x 2
2. Try each combination to try and find the middle term of the trinomial (−19𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
Combination 1: (15𝑎𝑎 − 6𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏) −6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 15𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = −21𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ✖

Combination 2: (5𝑎𝑎 − 3𝑏𝑏)(3𝑎𝑎 − 2𝑏𝑏) −9𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 10𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = −19𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ✔

5.2.1 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 − 4𝑥𝑥 5.2.2 −30𝑥𝑥 2 − 45𝑥𝑥 + 30

= (2𝑥𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥𝑥 − 1) = −15(2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 2)
= (2𝑥𝑥 − 1)2 = −15(2𝑥𝑥 − 1)(𝑥𝑥 + 2)
5.2.3 9𝑥𝑥 2 − 27𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥+20𝑦𝑦 2 5.2.4 −2𝑟𝑟 + 8𝑟𝑟 2 − 3
= (3𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦)(3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦) = 8𝑟𝑟 2 − 2𝑟𝑟 − 3
= ( 4𝑟𝑟 − 3)(2𝑟𝑟 + 1)
5.2.5 0,04𝑤𝑤 2 + 0,28𝑤𝑤 + 0,48 5.2.6 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
= 0,04(𝑤𝑤 2 + 7𝑤𝑤 + 12) = ( 5𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 1)
= 0,04(𝑤𝑤 + 4)(𝑤𝑤 + 3)

Question 6: Mixed Practice

Factorise the following completely:
6.1 3𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 6.2 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎
= 3𝑎𝑎(1 + 2𝑏𝑏) = 𝑎𝑎(𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑎 + 1)

6
Mathematics Grade 10

6.3 𝑑𝑑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) − 𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥) 6.4 48 + 16𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2

= 𝑑𝑑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) − 𝑢𝑢(−𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 16𝑥𝑥 + 48
= 𝑑𝑑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) + 𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) = (𝑥𝑥 + 12)(𝑥𝑥 + 4)
= 𝑑𝑑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) + 𝑢𝑢(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)
= (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦)(𝑑𝑑 + 𝑢𝑢)
6.5 27𝑓𝑓 4 𝑔𝑔 − 8𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 6.6 8𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 2 − 27𝑦𝑦 3
= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(27𝑓𝑓 3 − 8) = (8𝑥𝑥 3 − 27𝑦𝑦 3 ) − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 2
= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(27𝑓𝑓 3 − 8) = (2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦)(4𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 2 ) − (6𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 2 )

= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓(3𝑓𝑓 − 2)(9𝑓𝑓 2 + 6𝑓𝑓 + 4) = (2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦)(4𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)(2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦)
= (2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦)[4𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 2 − (3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)]
= (2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦)(4𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦)
3𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
6.7 (𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙) − (𝑙𝑙 − 𝑘𝑘) 6.8 27𝑎𝑎3 𝑏𝑏 3 + 1
4 4
3𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
= (𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙) + (𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙) = (3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 1)(9𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏 2 − 3𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 1)
4 4
3𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
=( + )(𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙)
4 4
1
= (3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑘𝑘 − 𝑙𝑙)
4

6.9 3𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 6𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 + 10𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 6.10 2𝑎𝑎2 + 7𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏 2

= 3𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 6𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 + 5𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 10𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 = (𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏)(2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
= 3𝑥𝑥(𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑞) + 5𝑦𝑦(𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑞)
= (𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑞)(3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦)