Project ID 578098 DE-II B

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Navsari (123)
Affiliated with GTU
A Project Report
On

“Performance Analysis of Multiple Component Distillation

Using DWSIM”
Under Subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING II-B (3160001)
B.E 3rd Year
6th Semester
Chemical Engineering Department

Submitted by:

Sr. No. Name Enrolment no.

1 Akash Bind 211230105007
2 Yash Rathod 211230105025
3 Viraj Barot 211230105019
4 Hiren Patel 211230105008
5 Dev Doliwala 211230105023

Guided By:
Prof. Mitul H. Prajapati
Assistant Professor
Chemical Engineering Department
S. S. Agrawal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Navsari
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
May, 2023

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ACKNOWLEGEMENT

Dissertation is an integral part of engineering course. In connection to the dissertation, We

personally feel that it was a great experience and challenge for us. We take this opportunity
to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Hitesh N. Parihar, H.O.D of chemical
Engineering department S. S. Agrawal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Navsari for
his valuable guidance, motivation, and cooperation with encouraging attitude at all stages
of our work. We express deep and sincere gratitude to Assistant Professor of Chemical
Engineering Department (SSAIET) Prof. Mitul H. Prajapati whose guidance,
encouragement and affectionate presence helped us to complete the dissertation work.

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INDEX

Contents
1.1 Distillation ........................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1 Binary component distillation ...................................................................................................... 8

1.1.2 Multicomponent Distillation ............................................................................................................. 9

2.1 About DWSIM ....................................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................ 13

3.1 Result and Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 23

4.1 AEIOU CANVAS ............................................................................................................................. 25

4.1.1 Environment ................................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.2 Interactions ................................................................................................................................. 25

4.1.2 Objects ........................................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.3 Activities .................................................................................................................................... 26

4.1.4 Users............................................................................................................................................... 26

4.2 EMPATHY CANVAS........................................................................................................................ 27

4.2.1 User ................................................................................................................................................ 27

4.2.2 Stake Holders ............................................................................................................................. 27

4.2.3 Activities .................................................................................................................................... 28

4.2.4 Happy Story ............................................................................................................................... 28

4.2.5 Sad story..................................................................................................................................... 28

4.3 LNM Matrix Canvas ......................................................................................................................... 29

4.3.1 Theories .......................................................................................................................................... 29

4.3.2 software ...................................................................................................................................... 29

4.3.3 principles .................................................................................................................................... 30

4.3.4 Component ................................................................................................................................. 30

4.4 Ideation Canvas ................................................................................................................................. 31

4.4.1 People ............................................................................................................................................. 31

4.4.2 Activities .................................................................................................................................... 31

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4.4.3 Situtation/context/location ......................................................................................................... 32

4.4.4 Props/Tools/Object/Equipment .................................................................................................. 32

4.5 Product Development Canvas ........................................................................................................... 33

4.5.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................... 33

4.5.2 People......................................................................................................................................... 33

4.5.3 Product feature ........................................................................................................................... 34

4.5.4 Component ................................................................................................................................. 34

4.6 Mind Mapping Canvas ...................................................................................................................... 35

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-vapour liquid equilibrium diagram ...................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2-Compounds........................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 3-Property Package ............................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 4-System of Units ................................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 5-Objects ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 6-Distillation Parameter ........................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 7-Result ................................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 8- Feed Parameters ............................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 9-Feed Composition ............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 10-Bottom Stream................................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 11-Distillate Stream .............................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 12-Reflux Ratio .................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 13-Change in Reflux Ratio ................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 14-Distillation Column Result .............................................................................................................. 20
Figure 15-Bottom Result .................................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 16-Distillate Result ............................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 17-Final Result ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 18 AEIOU Canvas ................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 19 Empathy Canvas .............................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 20 LNM Matrix Canvas ........................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 21 Ideation canvas ................................................................................................................................ 31
Figure 22 Product Development Canvas ......................................................................................................... 33
Figure 23 Mind mapping canvas ...................................................................................................................... 35

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S. S. Agrawal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Navsari (123)

ABSTRACT

“Performance analysis of multiple components Distillation using DWSIM”

By:Team ID: 578098 Guided by: Prof. Mitul H. Prajapati

• We want to work on design of distillation column coupled with a chemical

process simulator for the optimal design of individual and complex
distillation processes using a rigorous tray-by-tray model. The optimal
synthesis of complex distillation columns is a non-trivial problem due to the
discrete nature of the tray-by-tray column model, and also because of the
high degree of non-linearity and non-convexity of the underlying MESH
equations (mass balances, equilibrium, summation of molar fractions in both
phases equal to 1 and heat balances).

• This is accomplished by combining the advantages of using a commercial

process simulator, including especially suited numerical methods developed
for the convergence of distillation columns, with the benefit. The
implemented tool provides the optimal configuration of distillation column
systems, which includes continuous and discrete variables, through the
minimization of the total annual cost (TAC). The robustness and flexibility
of the method is proven through the successful design and synthesis of
distillation systems of increasing complexity.

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CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Distillation
Distillation is the method of separating mixtures, in which the conversion of a liquid into
vapour is afterwards condensed back to liquid form. distillation method is used for the
purification of metals. Distillation is preferable where both solid and liquid have to be
extracted from the solution. Also known as simple distillation, it is based on the differences
noticed in the volatility and corresponding vapour pressures observed in the components
of a mixture.

1.1.1 Binary component distillation

• Binary component distillation is the separation of a liquid mixture containing two

different components with differing volatilities. By heating a liquid mixture of two
components, the more volatile component will vaporize and can be collected and
condensed. Binary component distillation units often operate as a continuous process
and with a multi-stage distillation column. This multi-stage distillation column will have
a certain amount of trays or stages which could be calculated using the McCabe-Thiele
graphical method. Binary component distillation differs from a simple flash distillation
unit as binary component distillation is a multi-stage process due to the trayed
distillation column while flash distillation is a single stage process with a flash drum.
The trays in these distillation columns would also typically contain packing to improve
liquid-vapour contact which gives more opportunity for the more volatile component to
vaporize. (fig. 1)

Figure 1-vapour liquid equilibrium diagram

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1.1.2 Multicomponent Distillation

• Multi-component distillation is used for the separation of a liquid mixture containing
more than two different components. Multi-component distillation units are able to
separate each of the components into relatively pure streams through a series of
distillation columns. For example, a liquid stream containing three separate
components would first undergo distillation by entering a column that vaporizes the
most volatile compound and leaves the two remaining less volatile components in
the bottoms liquid stream. The most volatile component could be extracted there by
condensing the vapour from the first distillation column. The remaining mixture of
two less volatile components would then pass into a new distillation column that
would be heated to a higher temperature to enable the most volatile component in
the remaining binary mixture to vaporize. The more volatile component would then
be condensed and collected through a top products feed while the least volatile
component is extracted through a bottoms liquid feed. This process enables the
separation of more than two components in a liquid mixture by feeding the liquid
feed through a series of multi-stage distillation columns.

• Multi-component distillation can be used frequently in the petroleum industry for

liquid mixtures with multiple hydrocarbons. For example, a mixture of hydrocarbons
that contains propane, butane, pentane, and hexane could be separated into its
individual components through a series of distillation columns and condensers to
take advantages of different volatilities. These distillation columns would each need
to operate at the given temperature required to boil a distinct liquid component.

❖ Important definition

1) Reflux ratio: The reflux ratio is an important parameter in distillation that determines the
efficiency of the process. The reflux ratio is defined as the ratio of the amount of
condensed vapor that is returned to the column to the amount of vapor that is vaporized
in the reboiler.

2) Minimum reflux ratio: The minimum reflux ratio is the lowest reflux ratio required to
achieve the desired separation. This ratio is dependent on the properties of the feed
mixture, the boiling points of the components, and the number of theoretical trays in the
column. If the reflux ratio is less than the minimum reflux ratio, the separation will not
be complete, and the products will be impure.

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3) Optimum reflux ratio: The optimum reflux ratio is the reflux ratio that results in the
highest separation efficiency. This ratio is also dependent on the properties of the feed

mixture, the boiling points of the components, and the number of theoretical trays in
the column. The optimum reflux ratio is typically higher than the minimum reflux ratio,
but it is not always practical to operate at the optimum reflux ratio due to energy and
economic considerations.

4) Internal reflux: Internal reflux occurs when a portion of the overhead vapor is condensed
and returned to the column as reflux. Internal reflux is essential for achieving good
separation in a distillation column. The amount of internal reflux is determined by the
reflux ratio.

5) External reflux: External reflux occurs when a portion of the overhead vapor is
condensed and returned to the column as reflux outside of the column. External reflux is
less common than internal reflux and is typically used in specialty applications.

6) Total reflux: External reflux occurs when a portion of the overhead vapor is condensed
and returned to the column as reflux outside of the column. External reflux is less
common than internal reflux and is typically used in specialty applications.

7) Partial reflux: Partial reflux is a condition in which only a portion of the overhead vapor
is condensed and returned to the column as reflux. Partial reflux is the most common
operating condition for distillation columns. The reflux ratio determines the amount of
partial.

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CHAPTER-2 SIMULATION

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2.1 About DWSIM

DWSIM is reliable open-source CAPE-OPEN compliant with the chemical process
simulator for Windows, Linux and macOS. DWSIM is built on top of the Microsoft
.NET and Mono Platforms and features a Graphical User Interface (GUI),
advanced thermodynamics calculations, reactions support and petroleum characterization /
hypothetical component generation tools.

DWSIM is able to simulate steady-state, vapor–liquid, vapor–liquid-liquid, solid–liquid and

aqueous electrolyte equilibrium processes with the following Thermodynamic Models and
Unit Operations:

• Thermodynamic models: Peng–Robinson equation of state, Peng–Robinson-

Strÿjek-Vera (PRSV2), Soave–Redlich–Kwong, Lee-Kesler, Lee-
Kesler- UNIFAC(-LL), Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund), Modified UNIFAC
(NIST), UNIQUAC, NRTL, Chao-Seader, Grayson-Streed, Extended
UNIQUAC, Raoult's Law, IAPWS-IF97 Steam Tables, IAPWS-08 Seawater,
Black-Oil and Sour Water;
• Unit operations: CAPE-OPEN Socket, Spreadsheet, Mixer, Splitter,
Separator, Pump, Compressor, Expander, Heater, Cooler, Valve, Pipe Segment,
Shortcut Column, Heat exchanger, Reactors (Conversion, PFR, CSTR, Equilibrium
and Gibbs), Distillation column, Simple, Refluxed and Reboiler Absorbers,
Component Separator, Solids Separator, Continuous Cake Filter and Orifice plate;
• Utilities: Binary Data Regression, Phase Envelope, Natural Gas Hydrates, Pure
Component Properties, True Critical Point, PSV Sizing, Vessel Sizing, Spreadsheet
and Petroleum Cold Flow Properties;
• Tools: Hypothetical Component Generator, Bulk C7+/Distillation Curves Petroleum
Characterization, Petroleum Assay Manager, Reactions Manager and Compound
Creator;
• Process Analysis and Optimization: Sensitivity Analysis Utility, Multivariate
Optimizer with bound constraints;
• Extras: Support for Runtime Python Scripts, Plugins and CAPE-OPEN Flowsheet
Monitoring Objects.

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2.2 Problem Statement

Distillation (1.9 bar)

C6 =0.01(mole fraction)
FEED
Saturated liquid
Distillation
Pressure=2 bar
column
Flowrate=5000 Bottom (2 bar)
kmol/h C5 =0.01(mole fraction)

Alkane Mole fraction

Propane C3 0.05
i-Butane C4 0.10
i-Pentane C5 0.30
n-Hexane C6(Light key component) 0.46
n-Heptane C7(Heavy key component) 0.09

Table 1- Composition of Feed

Find out the column profile, like temperature and pressure profiles?
Minimum reflux ratio=?
Minimum number of stages=?
Actual number of stages=?
Feed stage location=?

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Solution:
➢ Select key component and click on the ‘next’ button.

Figure 2-Compounds

➢ Select property package ‘Peng Robinson’.

Figure 3-Property Package

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➢ Select system of Units ‘C5’.

Figure 4-System of Units

➢ Add three material stream for Feed, Distillate and Bottom product
➢ Add two energy streams for condense duty and reboiler duty

Figure 5-Objects

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➢ Click on the distillation column and connect stream

➢ Add all calculation parameter

Figure 6-Distillation Parameter

Figure 7-Result

➢ Click on the feed stream and ‘select pressure and vapour fraction’ in flash spec.
➢ Add pressure and molar flow rate.

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Figure 8- Feed Parameters

➢ Select compound amount and add the value of mole fraction to given statement.

Figure 9-Feed Composition

➢ Run flow sheet.

➢ Click on the bottom product and go to the compound amount.

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➢ See the light key component iso pentane mole fraction that is 0.01.

Figure 10-Bottom Stream

➢ Click on the top product and go to the compound amount.

➢ See the heavy key component n-Hexane mole fraction that is 0.01.

Figure 11-Distillate Stream

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➢ Click on the shortcut distillation column.

➢ Add the value of Reflux ratio = 1.5 * minimum reflux ratio.

Figure 12-Reflux Ratio

Figure 13-Change in Reflux Ratio

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➢ Check the molar flow rate.

Figure 14-Distillation Column Result

➢ Note down the bottom and top molar flow rate.

Figure 15-Bottom Result

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Figure 16-Distillate Result

➢ Copy the shortcut distillation result.

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CHAPTER-3 RESULT

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3.1 Result and Discussion

After successful running of the simulation in the DWSIM software we got the favourable results.Various
result parameters such as temp,pressure, number of stages etc. are mentioned in the table given below.

Figure 17-Final Result

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CHAPTER-4 CANVAS

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4.1 AEIOU CANVAS

Figure 18 AEIOU Canvas

4.1.1 Environment
➢ Industry
➢ Education
➢ Production

4.1.2 Interactions
➢ Industries
➢ Professor

4.1.2 Objects
➢ DWSIM Software
➢ Feed Stream

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➢ Distillation Column
➢ Flow Rate
➢ Utilities

4.1.3 Activities
➢ Distillation
➢ Seperation
➢ Extraction
➢ Design

4.1.4 Users
➢ Student
➢ Industries
➢ Process Plant
➢ Efficient

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4.2 EMPATHY CANVAS

Figure 19 Empathy Canvas

4.2.1 User
➢ Student
➢ Industries
➢ Process Plant

4.2.2 Stake Holders

➢ Industries
➢ Plant Owner
➢ Employees

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4.2.3 Activities
➢ Distillation
➢ Design
➢ Separation
➢ Heat transfer
➢ Simulation
➢ Investigating azeotrope
➢ Vaccum distillation
➢ Purification

4.2.4 Happy Story

➢ A Person using Simulation tool to carry out the Simulation and gets accurate Result which is
beneficial to the Plant and well as to his credibility. Therefore, using Simulation tools gives you
accurate results and can easily be modified and according to our needs.
➢ Ronak is a chemical engineer who uses advanced tools to Perform mathematical Calculation and
Simulation which helps him doing all his work faster and efficiently Due to which he has extra
time to look after his other works.

4.2.5 Sad story

➢ Ramesh is chemical engineer in a plant he misinterprets the equilibrium dates such as temperature
and pressure due to which the Pressure and temperature in the column increuse which could have
resulted in unfortunate accident.
➢ Person who uses the manual methods to sol any design Problem related to Distillation results in
calculation error which resulted in loss in the energy and raw material which are very costly and
eventually the plant has to bear the all losses

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4.3 LNM Matrix Canvas

Figure 20 LNM Matrix Canvas

4.3.1 Theories
➢ Mccabe Thiele
➢ Rigorous distillation
➢ FUG method
➢ Shortcut distillation

4.3.2 software
➢ DWSIM
➢ MS word
➢ Snipping tool

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4.3.3 principles
➢ Relative volatility
➢ VLE equilibrium

4.3.4 Component
➢ Propane
➢ Butane
➢ I-pentane
➢ N-hexane

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4.4 Ideation Canvas

Figure 21 Ideation canvas

4.4.1 People
➢ Student
➢ Worker
➢ Industries
➢ Employees
➢ Product user

4.4.2 Activities
➢ Distillation
➢ Simulation
➢ Design
➢ Purification
➢ Collection
➢ Scaling

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➢ Heat and mass transfer

➢ Seperation

4.4.3 Situtation/context/location
➢ Distillation
➢ Purification
➢ Seperation
➢ DWSIM software

4.4.4 Props/Tools/Object/Equipment
➢ Reboiler
➢ Preheater
➢ Temperature sensor
➢ Distillation column
➢ Condensor
➢ Pressure valve
➢ Pump

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4.5 Product Development Canvas

Figure 22 Product Development Canvas

4.5.1 Purpose
➢ Analysis
➢ Seperation
➢ Purification
➢ Increasing efficiency
➢ Design

4.5.2 People
➢ Student
➢ Worker
➢ Industries

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➢ Employees
➢ Product user

4.5.3 Product feature

➢ Efficient
➢ Convenient
➢ Effective
➢ Purification

4.5.4 Component
➢ Utilities
➢ Distillate
➢ Bottom residue
➢ Reboiler
➢ Preheater
➢ Distillation column
➢ Condenser

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4.6 Mind Mapping Canvas

Figure 23 Mind mapping canvas

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CHAPTER-5 REFERENCES

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References

1. Patil, K. D. (n.d.). Distillation Operations: Methods, Operational.

2. choe, Y.-S. (n.d.). Rigorous dynamic models of distillation column.
3. https://scholar.google.com/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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