HITACHI - 2GHE167330 - en Surge Arresters Buyers Guide
HITACHI - 2GHE167330 - en Surge Arresters Buyers Guide
HITACHI - 2GHE167330 - en Surge Arresters Buyers Guide
Buyer’s Guide
Table of contents
001 – 027 Product information
01 Introduction
03 Definitions
05 Simplified selection procedure
11 EXLIM - Porcelain-housed surge arresters
14 PEXLIM and TEXLIM - Polymer-housed surge arresters,
25 Quality control and testing
Introduction
Safe, secure and economic supply of
electricity - with Hitachi Energy Surge
arresters
Hitachi Energy’s surge arresters are the primary protection Strong focus on quality at all stages, from raw material through to
against atmospheric and switching overvoltages. They are finished product, ensures that Hitachi Energy’s surge arresters survive
generally connected in parallel with the equipment to be the designed stresses with ease and with good margins. Different
protected to divert the surge current. The active elements dimensions permit a large variety of standard arresters as well as client-
specific solutions with regards protection levels, energy capability and
(MO resistors) of Hitachi Energy’s surge arresters are
mechanical performance. This buyer’s guide deals with high voltage
manufactured using a highly non-linear ceramic resistor
surge arresters for standard AC applications. For other applications,
material, composed primarily of zinc oxide mixed with other
such as series capacitors protection, shunt capacitor protection or
metal oxides and sintered together. DC applications, contact your Hitachi Energy sales representative.
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Product range
PEXLIM - Silicone polymer-housed arrester
Superior where low weight, reduced clearances, flexible mounting, non-fragility and additional personnel safety is required. Major component
for PEXLINKTM concept for transmission line protection
Arrester classification Type Max. system Rated volatage(2) Energy requirement/ Mechanical
volatage(2) kVrms kVrms lightning intensity strength(3) Nm
10 kA, IEC station class designation SL PEXLIM R-Y 24 – 170 18 – 144 Moderate 1 600
10 kA, IEC station class designation SM PEXLIM Q-Y 52 – 420 42 – 396 High 4 000
20 kA, IEC station class designation SH PEXLIM P-Z 52 – 420 42 – 396 Very high 6 000
20 kA, IEC station class designation SH PEXLIM P-Y 300 – 550 228 – 444 Very high 9 000
Arrester classification Type Max. system Rated volatage(2) Energy requirement/ Mechanical
volatage(2) kVrms kVrms lightning intensity strength(3) Nm
10 kA, IEC station class designation SM TEXLIM Q-C 123 – 420 90 – 420 High 40 000
20 kA, IEC station class designation SH TEXLIM P-C 245 – 550 180 – 444 Very high 40 000
20 kA, IEC station class designation SH TEXLIM T-C 245 – 800 180 – 624 Very high 40 000
Definitions
NOTE: The standards referred to hereunder are the latest editions Arrester class
of IEC 60099-4 and IEEE C62.11
• Distribution class arrester (IEC designations: DL, DM, DH) An
arrester intended for use on distribution systems, typically of US ≤
Maximum system voltage (US)
52 kV, to protect components primarily from the effects of lightning.
The maximum voltage between phases during normal service.
• Station class arrester (IEC designations: SL, SM, SH) An
Nominal discharge current (IEC) arrester intended for use in stations to protect the equipment from
The peak value of the lightning current impulse which is used to transient overvoltages, typically but not only intended for use on
classify the arrester. systems of US ≥ 72.5 kV.
NOTE: The insulation withstand of Hitachi Energy surge arresters has occurs i.e. a backflashover. Backflashover is most prevalent when
been thoroughly considered in the design, and spacings between tower footing impedance is high.
metal flanges as well as spacings between flanges and grading rings
are sufficiently large to withstand overvoltages appearing during Compact insulation lines
current discharges. All Hitachi Energy’s arresters are suitable for Transmission lines with reduced clearances between phases and
installations up to at least 1000 m above sea level, often with a large between phase and earth and with lower insulation level withstand
margin. than for normal lines for the same system voltage.
Shielding
The creepage distance is the length measured along the housing’s
Protection of phase conductors from direct lightning strokes; generally,
external profile and serves as a measure of the arrester performance
by means of additional conductor(s) running on the top of the towers
in polluted environments with respect to the risk of external flashover.
and grounded through the tower structures.
Since the mean diameter for all the standard arresters is less than
300 mm, the specific creepage distance is the same as the nominal
Shielding angle
creepage distance.
The included angle, usually between 20 to 30 degrees, between shield
wire and phase conductor.
Specified long-term load (SLL)
SLL allowed to be continuously applied during service without causing
Shielding failure
any mechanical damage to the arrester.
Occurs when lightning strikes a phase conductor of a line protected
by overhead shield wires.
Specified short-term load (SSL)
SSL allowed to be applied during service for short periods and for
Tower footing impedance
relatively rare events without causing any mechanical damage to the
The impedance seen by a lightning surge flowing from the tower base
arrester.
to true ground. The risk for backflashover increases with increasing
footing impedance.
Mean breaking load (MBL)
MBL is the average breaking load for porcelain-housed arresters.
Travelling waves
Occur when lightning strikes a transmission line span and a high
Line Surge Arresters (LSA) current surge is injected on to the struck conductor. The impulse
Backflashover voltage and current waves divide and propagate in both directions
Occurs when lightning strikes the tower structure or overhead shield from the stroke terminal at a velocity of approximately 300 meters per
wire. The lightning discharge current, flowing through the tower and microsecond with magnitudes determined by the stroke current and
tower footing impedance, produces potential differences across the line surge impedance.
line insulation. If the line insulation strength is exceeded, flashover
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Vocabulary
Adequate YES
safety
margins
Terminal load
Wind load
Static/ dynamic
Mechanical strength Table 4
combination
Seismic load
Other loads
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If the earth-fault factor, (k) = Utov/ Uca, is 1.4 or less, the system is EXLIM Q-D 8 2.0 170 – 420 kV
SM
considered to be effectively earthed. Generally, this implies a solid PEXLIM Q 8 2.0 ≤ 420 kV
connection of the neutral to the earth grid. All other forms of earthing TEXLIM Q-C 8 2.0 123 – 420 kV
via an impedance or a non-earthing of the neutral is considered as EXLIM P-G 11 3.2 ≤ 550 kV
non-effective with, typically, k = 1.73. PEXLIM P-Z 11 3.2 ≤ 420 kV
PEXLIM P-Y 11 3.2 300 – 550 kV
For effectively earthed systems, the fault-clearance time is generally SH
TEXLIM P-C 11 3.2 245 – 550 kV
under 1 s but it can vary widely among different systems. The
EXLIM T-B 15 5.2 245 – 800 kV
catalogues list the values of TOV capability for 1 and 10 s duration after
a prior energy stress (as a conservative approach). For other durations TEXLIM T-C 15 5.2 245 – 800 kV
• From the TOV curves, read off the TOV strength factor (Tr) for the
Though the energy capability is mentioned in a different manner in
time corresponding to the fault-clearance time
IEEE, the normal range of application as above applies even for IEEE
• Utov/ Tr gives the minimum value of Ur for withstanding this TOV. systems. For specific and special cases, e.g. capacitor banks, it may
Choose the next higher standard rating be necessary to calculate the energy capability differently; for example
as shown in the IEC 60099-5 and other guides.
• The final choice of Ur will be the highest of the Ur values obtained
from the above calculations for each TOV
Protection levels (UPl and Ups) Should the selected arrester type not give the desired protection
For insulation coordination purposes, consider the lightning impulse margins, the selection should be changed to an arrester of a higher
protection level (Upl) at 10 kA for Um ≤ 362 kV and at 20 kA for higher designated energy class, which automatically leads to lower Upl.
voltages. Similarly, the switching impulse protection levels (Ups) for
coordination purposes range from 0.5 kA (for Um ≤ 170 kV) to 2 kA (for Note: DO NOT use a lower-than selected Ur to attempt improvement
Um ≥ 362 kV). The values can be read-off from the catalogue tables or of the margins, as this may lead to unacceptably low TOV capability.
easily computed from Table 3. In the latter case, they must be rounded
upwards. As an additional assistance in selection, please refer to the simplified
flow chart at the beginning of this chapter. The MO resistor column
Protection margins must be suitably housed to withstand long-term effects of the system
Protection margins (in %), calculated at coordinating impulse currents loading and the environmental stresses.
as per Table 3, are defined as follows:
External creepage distance
• Margin for lightning impulses = ((LIWV/ Upl)-1) x 100, where LIWV is
IEC 60815 defines the minimum creepage distances for different
the external insulation withstand of the equipment against lightning
environmental conditions. Select the housing to give the desired
impulses
creepage - the same as for the other equipment in the same location.
• Margin for switching impulses = ((SIWV/Ups)-1) x 100 where SIWV is If the specific creepage demand exceeds 31 mm/ kV, please refer to
the external insulation withstand of the equipment for switching Hitachi Energy for a special design.
impulses
PEXLIM and TEXLIM arresters, having a highly hydrophobic housing,
NOTE: IEEE standards refer to LIWV as BIL and SIWV as BSL. are better suited for extremely polluted areas than EXLIM arresters
and a lower creepage may be justified in many cases.
Arrester Nom. Upl/ Ur Upl/ Ur Ups/ Ur
type Discharge at at
current (In) 10 kA p 20 kA p Mechanical strength
Surge arresters are an active protective device, which means they
EXLIM R-C 10 2.590 2.060 at 0.5 kAp
are not inherently intended to be permanently mechanically loaded in
PEXLIM R-Y 10 2.590 2.060 at 0.5 kAp
service. Naturally their design includes consideration to withstanding
EXLIM Q-E, Q-D 10 2.350 1.981 at 1.0 kAp
rarely-occurring and short-term mechanical loads (e.g. external
PEXLIM Q-Y 10 2.350 1.981 at 1.0 kAp
short-circuit, gust winds, earthquake, etc) as well as more likely and
TEXLIM Q-C 10 2.350 1.981 at 1.0 kAp long-term mechanical loads (e.g. conductor weight, static wind, etc).
EXLIM P-G 20 2.275 2.5 2.020 at 2.0 kAp However, such loads should always be limited as much as possible
PEXLIM P-Z 20 2.250 2.5 2.020 at 2.0 kAp though proper installation.
PEXLIM P-Y 20 2.275 2.5 2.020 at 2.0 kAp
TEXLIM P-C 20 2.275 2.5 2.020 at 2.0 kAp All Hitachi Energy arrester designs exhibit very high strength under
EXLIM T-B 20 2.200 2.4 1.976 at 2.0 kAp tensile or compression loading; hence it is the cantilever loading
TEXLIM T-C 20 2.200 2.4 1.976 at 2.0 kAp
that is of interest in defining mechanical strength. To be applicable
to different arrester lengths, the loading is given in terms of bending
Table 3. Arrester protection levels. Upl and Ups ratios for Hitachi Energy arresters. moment in this guide. The line terminal and the insulating base (when
supplied) match or exceed the strength of the arrester housing.
Margins are normally excellent due to the low Upl, Ups and also that
most equipment at present have high external insulation withstand. Standard arresters are intended for vertical, upright erection on a
However, depending on the electrical distance between the arrester structure and require no bracing. Pedestal-mounted arresters with
and the protected equipment, the Upl margin is reduced and thus mechanical strength higher than listed can be quoted on request.
arresters fail to protect equipment that is not in the close vicinity of Special arresters for suspension, inverted mounting or other angular
the arresters, i.e. within their protection zone. The flexible erection erection are also available.
alternatives for PEXLIM arresters may be of benefit in reducing the
distance effects. Additional line-entrance arresters may help too. For Due to their otherwise advantageous flexible onstruction, PEXLIM
more detailed information, please refer to separate Hitachi Energy’s arresters may exhibit a visible deflection at the line-end under
technical publication regarding application guidelines for station maximum terminal loading. Such deflection is never theless limited
protection. by our specified value for long-term load (SLL) given in Table 4.
This maximum recommended continuous loading ensures that the
NOTE: The ”distance effect” reduction does not apply to Ups margin electrical and mechanical functions of the arrester are not impaired in
since the front-time of a switching surge impulse is longer. any way, even during long-term cyclic loading. Importantly, the value
for specified shortterm load (SSL) can be upheld even after such
It is recommended that the protection margins (after taking into cyclic loading.
account the ”distance effect”) should be of the order of 20% or more
to account for uncertainties and possible reduction in the withstand If the permissible bending moment for a certain arrester appears
values of the protected equipment with age. insufficient for a given loading, consider one of the following methods
to reduce the loading demand.
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conductors) required for other substation equipment, the EXLIM porcelain-housed insulator
continuous current through an arrester is of the order of only a few EXLIM R-C 3 000 7 500
mA. Hence, using a lighter terminal clamp and/ or connecting the EXLIM Q-D 8 000 20 000
arresters by lighter and more vertical tee-offs can considerably EXLIM Q-E 3 000 7 500
reduce the demand for mechanical strength.
EXLIM T-B 8 000 20 000
• Use another erection alternative (suspension, under-hung, etc). EXLIM P-G 8 000 20 000
Since PEXLIM arresters are very light compared to equivalent PEXLIM Silicone polymer-housed insulator
porcelain- housed arresters, they permit innovative erection PEXLIM R-Y 1 000 1 600
alternatives, which could reduce the bending moment demands. PEXLIM Q-Y 2 500 4 000
This in turn can lead to the additional benefit of lighter structures
PEXLIM P-Z 3 000 6 000
with subsequent reduced costs, or even the complete elimination
PEXLIM P-Y 6 000 9 000
of the need for a separate structure at all.
TEXLIM High stregth silicone polymer-housed insulator
TEXLIM Q-C 21 000 40 000
TEXLIM P-C 21 000 40 000
TEXLIM T-C 21 000 40 000
Table 4. Permissible mechanical loading for Hitachi Energy arresters. SLL Specified long-term
load. | SSL Specified short-term load. (For PEXLIM and TEXLIM arresters this is a declared value
based on cyclic loading.)
Neutral-ground arresters
For neutral-ground arresters the recommended rated voltage is
approximately the maximum system voltage divided by √3. The
recommended neutral-ground arresters in the relevant sections are
calculated for unearthed systems with relatively long fault duration.
The electrical characteristics are identical to standard catalogue
arresters with the corresponding rated voltage. For such arresters,
Uc is zero since they are not subject to any continuous voltage stress
during normal service conditions. The neutral-ground arresters should
preferably be of the same type as the phase-ground arresters. For
resonantearthed systems with long radial lines special considerations
must be taken and a higher rated voltage (20 % to 40 %) than listed
may be necessary.
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Special applications Note: We recommend that the order form, on page 57, be filled-in
and attached to your order to ensure inclusion of all the important
parameters and commercial conditions.
EXLIM 10 5
Longer arresters often require (and are supplied with) external grading
rings to maintain a uniform and acceptable voltage stress along their
length. Operation of such arresters without the grading rings, therefore,
may lead to failure and invalidates our guarantees/ warranties.
EXLIM
Porcelain-housed surge arresters
Mechanical Strength
4
4
1
5
5
7
2
1
6
3
7
8
PEXLIM
Moulded polymeric design
Design Highlights
Each arrester is built-up of one or more units, which in turn may be
made up of one or more modules. Each module contains a single
column of MO resistors (blocks), which are extensively individually
routine-tested during manufacture, dispersed with the necessary
spacers as determined by the electrical design for the arrester. The
modules are standardized into different sizes based on electrical,
mechanical and process considerations.
TEXLIM
High strength tube design
In special cases with very high demands for mechanical
strength, the moulded design may not provide the optimal
solution - particularly at system voltages above 420 kV.
Instead, what is required is a mix between the features of
the standard EXLIM and the moulded PEXLIM designs. The
TEXLIM tube design provides this by offering comparable
mechanical strength to EXLIM arresters, but with much
less mass. The seismic and pollution performance is in line
with the moulded PEXLIM arresters and thus superior to
conventional porcelain designs.
Design highlights
The basic concept is the replacement of the porcelain housing used
with EXLIM arresters by a fibreglass tube housing onto which the
silicone sheds are vulcanized and metal flanges are integrated. The
internal arrangement and the pressure-relief devices are similar to
those for EXLIM arresters.
To maintain the interior free of any humidity, the unit is evacuated after
the sealing plate and gaskets are fitted and then filled with dry air
at low dew point. Additionally, a small bag of a desiccant is placed
in each unit during assembly. Sealing is verified for each unit after
manufacture during routine tests.
The ionized gases cause a rapid increase in the internal pressure, Cutaway view of a typical TEXLIM unit showing the internal arrangements.
which in turn causes the sealing plate to flap open and the ionized
gases to flow out through openings in the flanges. Since the openings
at the two ends are directed towards each other this results in an
external arc; thus relieving the internal pressure and preventing a
violent breaking of the insulator.
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Silicone as an insulator
All PEXLIM and TEXLIM arresters utilize silicone for the external
insulation. Silicone rubber is highly hydrophobic and resistant to UV
radiation and has been shown to be the best insulation (compared to
both porcelain and other polymers) based on world wide independent
laboratory and field tests. Hitachi Energy uses special fillers to enhance
these properties as well as giving it high pollution resistance, tracking
resistance and fire-extinguishing features. The silicone housing is
available only in grey color. For additional information, please refer to
publication 1HSM 9543 01-06en.
Installation, maintenance
and monitoring
All Hitachi Energy arresters are easy to install following the instructions
packed with each arrester. Installation does not need any special tools
or instruments.
More information on internet Visit here for viewing the PEXLINK video.
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PEXLINK
Hitachi Energy’s protection philosophy
Hitachi Energy’s philosophy is to provide protection for line The design permits installation using standard transmission-line
insulation at selected locations by using standard available hardware normally available locally. The design also permits mounting
components. The main item is the gapless silicone polymer- at different positions based on tower geometry and conductor spacing.
housed arrester, PEXLIM, with metaloxide (MO) active
If very high availability is desired, a very large number of locations
elements. Such arresters have been used for many years
may have to be protected, mainly due to the unpredictable nature
for protection of equipment in substations and hence their
of lightning. In such a case it may not be economically justified to
protective performance and reliability is wellknown.
select arresters with ”sufficient energy capability” and instead a higher
failure rate may be acceptable.
The low weight permits installation on existing structures and the
polymer housing gives increased safety of the line equipment as well
To ensure quick, safe, automatic and controlled disconnection of a
as people and animals which may be in the vicinity of the lines during
failed arrester, Hitachi Energy uses a special disconnecting device
overstress conditions.
with a suitable link, often in the earthing circuit of the arresters.
Line surge arresters, incorporating PEXLIM Q arresters and disconnecting devices on earth leads, erected on ESKOM 300 kV system in South Africa.
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PEXLINK
Application
Increased line availability Line upgrading
By locating the PEXLINK on sections of lines with high footing The existing insulation level of a line, when suitably protected by
impedance towers and one additional low footing-impedance tower arresters, may be upgraded for service at a higher system voltage
at each end of the section, PEXLINK protects existing shielded and leading to greater power transfer without much additional capital cost.
non-shielded lines from abnormal lightning surges (frequent or high
amplitudes) and reduces the outages. Extended station protection
By locating arresters on towers near a substation, the risk of
The reduced outages are beneficial also indirectly because sensitive backflashovers near the station is eliminated. This results in
equipment is not damaged and the circuit breakers overhaul interval reduction of steepness and amplitude of incoming travelling waves,
can be increased. Thus, total maintenance costs are also reduced. thus improving the protection performance of station arresters and
eliminating the need for additional expensive metal-enclosed arresters
This protection may be used for all system voltages where the stated even for large GIS.
abnormal conditions exist. Arresters with moderate energy capability
are often sufficient. However, the high-current capability must be large Substitute for shield wires
and distribution-type arresters may not be suitable. In cases where provision of shield wires is not practical physically or
is very expensive, e.g. very long spans, very high towers etc, arresters
are a good and economical substitute.
4.5
4
Arresters located in all phases on each tower eliminate the need
3.5 for both shield wires and good footing impedance and may be
3 economically justified in cases where the cost of reduction in footing
2.5 impedance and the cost of overhead shield wire are very high.
2
1.5
1
0
Compact-insulation lines
Arresters placed in parallel with line insulators permit a large degree
of compacting of a transmission line with lower right-of-way costs as
a result.
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PEXLINK
Application
PEXLINK
Features
Lightning discharge capability A few examples can be seen in the figures for ”Some erection
In general, arresters on lines are subjected to higher energy and alternatives” on next page. The disconnecting device is carefully
current stresses caused by lightning than arresters installed in chosen to perform its function only at the overload of the arrester.
stations. Furthermore, the associated waveform and durations differ
considerably from those specified for station arrester applications. The separation of the disconnector is quick and effective and the
Thus, line arresters are defined in terms of their lightning discharge method of connection advised by Hitachi Energy in each particular
capability, and PEXLIM arresters perform well in this regard. case ensures that neither the disconnected conductor nor the
damaged arrester cause any interference with other live parts. Thus,
Arrester type Lightning discharge capability after a failure, the line can be re-charged without attending to it
as per IEC 60099-4 Annex H
immediately.
Energy charge
PEXLIM R 2.5 KJ/ kV (Ur)* 1.0 As** The disconnection is easily visible from the ground and thus locating
PEXLIM Q 4.0 KJ/ kV (Ur)* 1.8 As** it is simple for the maintenance crew.
PEXLIM P 7.0 KJ/ kV (Ur)* 2.8 As**
PEXLINK line surge arrester PEXLINK line surge arrester with Hitachi Energy’s surge arrester
monitor EXCOUNT-II
1
1
2
2
3
3
4 4
6 7 6
5
8 5
8
Transmission Line Surge Arrester PEXLINK design
PEXLINK
Some erection alternatives
Different arrangements showing how easy it is to install the PEXLINK concept in towers of different design.
01 02
03
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PEXLIM R-Y
Polymeric Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages. For use when requirements of lightning intensity, energy capability and pollution are moderate.
Superior where low weight, reduced clearances, flexible mounting, non-fragility and additional personnel safety is
required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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PEXLIM Q-Y
Polymeric Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
Superior where low weight, reduced clearances, flexible mounting, non-fragility and additional personnel safety
is required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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PEXLIM P-Z
Polymeric Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection).
Superior where low weight, reduced clearances, flexible mounting, non-fragility and additional personnel safety
is required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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PEXLIM P-Y
Polymeric Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection).
Superior where low weight, reduced clearances, flexible mounting, non-fragility and additional personnel safety
is required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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TEXLIM Q-C
Polymeric High Strength Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection)
Superior where low weight, non-fragility and additional personnel safety is required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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TEXLIM P-C
Polymeric High Strength Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection).
Superior where low weight, non-fragility and additional personnel safety is required.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
35 (58)
TEXLIM T-C
Polymeric High Strength Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection).
• Specially suited to extreme seismic zones.
Superior where low weight, non-fragility and additional personnel safety is required.
Arrester classificat
General characteristics
Arrester classificat
System voltages (Us) kV 245-800
System voltages (U
Rated voltages (Ur) kV 180-624
Rated voltages (Ur
Nominal discharge current (IEC) kApeak 20
Lightning impulse classifying current (ANSI/IEEE) k Apeak 10/15 Nominal discharge
Service conditions Lightning impulse
• Ambient temperature °C -50 to +45 Charge, energy an
• Design altitude masl max. 1 000
Repetitive charge t
• Frequency Hz 15-62
Thermal energy rat
Charge, energy and current withstand
Surge arrester classification as per IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0 Station;SH
Single impulse ene
Repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs (IEC) C 5.2 Discharge curren
Repetitive charge transfer test value – •
sample tests on all manufactured block batches C 6.2
Thermal energy rating, Wth (IEC) kJ/kV (Ur) 15 •
Single impulse energy capability (2 – 4 ms impulse) kJ/kV (Ur) 11
Discharge current withstand strength Single-impulse wit
• High current (4/10 us) kApeak 150
Repetitive charge t
• Low current (2000 us, based on Qrs) Apeak 2 600
Short-circuit/ Pre
Line discharge class (as per IEC 60099-4, Ed. 2.2) Class 5
Surge arrester classification as per IEEE C62.11-2012 Station
Mechanical stren
Energy class (IEEE, switching surge energy rating) Class J Specified long-term
Single-impulse withstand rating (IEEE) C 5.2 Specified short-te
Technical data for housing Service condition
Short-circuit/Pressure relief capability kA rms(sym) 80
Ambient temperatu
Mechanical strength
Design altitude
• Specified long-term load (SLL) Nm 21 000
• Specified short term load (SSL) Nm 40 000
Frequency
Line discharge cl
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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EXLIM R-C
Porcelain-housed Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages. For use when requirements of lightning intensity, energy capability and pollution are moderate.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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EXLIM Q-E
Porcelain-housed Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
38 (58)
EXLIM Q-D
Porcelain-housed Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and
switching overvoltages.
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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EXLIM P-G
Porcelain-housed Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• Where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection)
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
40 (58)
EXLIM T-B
Porcelain-housed Zinc-Oxide Surge Arrester
Protection of switchgear, transformers and other equipment in high voltage systems against atmospheric and switching
overvoltages.
• Where energy requirements are very high (e.g. very long lines, capacitor protection)
General characteristics
Note: All parameters are according to IEC 60099-4 Ed. 3.0, unless otherwise specified.
NOTE: Further data according to the IEEE standard can be supplied on request
For complete data and easy selection of specific surge arresters for your application please
visit the Online Buyers Guide:
www.guide.arrestersonline.com
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EXCOUNT
Surge arrester monitors matched with the surge arresters
With our state-of-the-art product family EXCOUNT, Hitachi Energy has the full range of counters and monitors to cater
for all customer needs – from simple discharge operation count (EXCOUNT-C) through leakage current measurement
(EXCOUNT-I), remote wireless monitoring and diagnostics (EXCOUNT-II) to online real-time monitoring, diagnostics and
analysis (EXCOUNT-III).
Surge registration
Number of impulses
Impulse amplitude classification
Time stamp
Auxiliary contact
Surge analytics
Advanced surge analytics
Impulse amplitude measurement
Wave steepness
Overvoltage estimation
Leakage current measurement
Total leakage current
Resistive leakage current
General characteristics
Online real-time monitoring
Support SCADA connection 1
1
Surge registration only
Yes
Yes, depending on product version
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EXCOUNT
Monitoring the health of surge arresters
Well-designed and tested, Hitachi Energy surge arresters Since the capacitive component of the current dominates so greatly,
are maintenancefree and can reasonably be expected the total leakage current measured on a basic mA-meter will be very
to have a long service life. Nevertheless, considering sensitive to the installation; making interpretation of the readings
the type of expensive equipment which an arrester is difficult. Furthermore, the capacitive current does not change
protecting, together with how costly and devastating an significantly due to deterioration of the voltage-current characteristic
of the surge arrester. Consequently, measurement of capacitive
unplanned power outage can be, there are good reasons
current cannot reliably indicate the condition of metal-oxide arresters.
for “monitoring” the condition of arresters.
Nevertheless, increasing values may be of some use in indicating that
cleaning of the insulators is necessary.
Surge arresters present a high impedance at normal service voltage
such that they behave as an insulator for the majority of their life.
Instead, it is generally recognized (IEC 60099-5) that the only reliable
This is necessary to assure a long life for the arrester itself as well
indicator for the condition of a gapless arrester that can be assessed
as stability of the electrical network as a whole. A deterioration of an
during normal service is to measure the resistive component of the
arrester’s insulatingproperties is therefore important to detect early
leakage current (or estimate it from the 3rd harmonic). The obtained
before the situation becomes acute.
value may then be compared with the maximum allowable resistive
current as given by the manufacturer under prevailing service
In order to truly evaluate the health of an arrester, testing of the kind
conditions i.e. temperature and applied voltage.
made as routine during manufacture would need to be performed.
However, such testing is not practical to make in the field and removal
of the arrester to a HV lab is deemed uneconomic. Instead some kind
of in-service diagnostic is required.
Surge registration
The primary reason for the use of surge counters on modern gapless
ZnO arresters is to check if a particular transmission line or phase
suffers from an exceptionally high number of overvoltages leading to
arrester operation — lightning faults on a line, for example. If this is
the case, whilst it validates the need for the arresters, use of some
preventative counter-measures may be warranted to limit the number
of surges. A sudden increase in the counting rate may also indicate an
internal arrester fault, in which case the arrester should be investigated
further.
Remote reading with EXCOUNT-II.
However, simple surge counters tell only part of the story, as they
only register the number of surges according to their operating If a metal-oxide varistor ages or is damaged by impulses etc, the
characteristic. The user therefore has no way of telling the magnitude arrester resistive leakage current, and hence power losses, increase
of the surge and if it was significant, nor when it occurred and if it was permanently. This may result in an increase in temperature, which in
coincident with a system event. turn, increases the leakage current and so on until a so-called thermal
runway occurs. Early detection of a possible harmful increase may
Leakage current measurement prevent a failure and subsequent unplanned shutdown. Hence, to
Surge counters can be complimented with the facility to measure provide true diagnostics, a good monitor must be able to detect
leakage currents (total and/or resistive), with the intention of monitoring the arrester leakage current and isolate and measure the resistive
and diagnosing the condition of the arrester and its state of fitness for component flowing internally.
continued service. Howeverit is important to understand the validity of
the information provided. Diagnostic plan
A surge arrester does not contain any moving parts or items that can
At continuous operating voltage (Uc), a metaloxide varistor acts as a break. Consequently there is nothing to maintain, adjust, correct or
capacitor, leading to a predominantly capacitive component of current repair, which is why there is normally no need to perform any form
and a significantly smaller resistive part. For a complete surge arrester, of periodical checking or monitoring. In general, a correctly chosen
the capacitive current is further dependent on stray capacitances, and installed arrester is maintenance free during its entire lifetime. A
pollution currents on the insulator surface, number of varistor columns correctly chosen arrester in this context means that its electrical and
in parallel and the actual operating voltage. Meanwhile the small mechanical characteristics are matched to actual service conditions.
resistive component of the leakage current is temperature and voltage
dependant.
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EXCOUNT
When safety comes first
EXCOUNT draws upon over 80 years of experience
by Hitachi Energy in the development of arresters and
associated accessories. Safety, functionality and longevity
are key elements which are given priority in selection and
design of components. In stark contrast to many other
competing products, EXCOUNT has not neglected short-
circuit safety which lies inherent in the design concept.
Design
The use of an impulse current transformer with a single-turn primary
ensures that the voltage drop across the counter is negligible, even
at the highest impulse currents encountered in service. This leads to
added personnel safety and no increase in the protection level of the
arrester. Since no gaps or series impedance are used, there is no risk
of internal arcing and consequent explosive failure in the event of a
short-circuit following an arrester failure.
One further common feature with the entire EXCOUNT family is that all
internal components are fully encapsulated in polymer. This provides
sealing to IP67, which ensures no harmful ingress of dust or moisture
as well as providing personal safety through complete protection
against contact with the internals.
EXCOUNT-C
A basic surge counter
EXCOUNT-C is a simple surge counter with all the essentials Surge registration
for easy installation and highest personnel safety. The The counting threshold for EXCOUNT-C is adapted for gapless surge
arresters. Only pulses that are considered significant to the arrester
counter is maintenance free; powered by the surge current
capability and life are therefore registered.
and suitable for all weather and temperature conditions.
Maintenance free
Design features
A robust plastic casing is fitted over the encapsulated internals,
EXCOUNT-C is to be fitted in the earth circuit between the arrester and
which makes EXCOUNT-C non-sensitive to humidity or temperature
ground. For simplicity, the EXCOUNT-C does not have a termination
variations. It can be exposed to all environments regardless of weather
point for the earth cable. Instead an opening is provided to draw the
and temperature conditions. The current transformer secondary
entire earth conductor from the arrester completely through and down
output is sufficient for driving the counter and an external
to ground. In case the conductor is too large to fit through the hole, an
supply source is hence not needed.
optional conductor kit may be ordered separately.
Technical data
Surge registration
Dimensions
Optional accessory
EXCOUNT-C current conductor
Item number: 1HSA448427-A
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EXCOUNT-I
A surge counter with a digital mA-meter
EXCOUNT-I is a surge counter with basic leakage current Surge registration
measurement function. The counter provides a number EXCOUNT-I registers the surge each time the arrester has discharged a
of unique features such as short-circuit safety and a well current over 10 A. The accumulated number of surges is continuously
proven electronic display which is easy to read, even in shown on the electronic display.
direct sunlight. EXCOUNT-I is specially designed for use
Leakage current measurement
with all makes and types of gapless arresters and in diverse
Hitachi Energy’s unique design ensures that total leakage current
environments.
through the arrester can be measured without risking personnel safety.
Design features The measurement is initiated by triggering a light sensitive diode using
As with all surge counters from Hitachi Energy, EXCOUNT-I does not a standard laser pointer. This will initiate EXCOUNT-I to start measuring
negatively affect the residual voltage of the arrester. EXCOUNT-I is the total leakage current for several cycles and shortly thereafter
housed in a sealed, weather-proof case, suitable for outdoor use display the average value (in mA). The counter will then automatically
and proven to match the short circuit capability of the arresters. return to its normal state and display number of impulses. Thus, the
EXCOUNT-I has been designed for highest personal safety and has measurement can be made at a discreet distance without coming into
been successfully short circuit tested at 65 kA. direct contact with the equipment.
Technical data
General characteristics
Climatic conditions Sealed water-tight design, IP67
Short-circuit capability 65 kA according to IEC 60099-4
Power supply Built-in solar cells (battery alternative for indoor use)
Surge registration
Minimum counting threshold (8/20 μs) 10 A
Surge counting memory capacity 999999 registrations (wrap-around)
Time resolution < 0.5 s
EXCOUNT-I versions
EXCOUNT-I can be supplied with an output connection (auxiliary contact) for interfacing to external
signalling equipment. Versions with only surge counting function are also available.
Leakage current
Model Surge counting measurement Auxiliary contact Laser pointer included
1HSA440000-C Yes - - -
1HSA440000-E Yes - Yes -
1HSA440000-J Yes Yes - Yes
1HSA440000-L Yes Yes Yes Yes
NOTE: The auxiliary pulse contact is suitable for use with AC or DC voltage (max. 250V, 1A). An auxiliary relay of suitable type must be connected
separately to the EXCOUNT-I auxiliary contact (not included as standard).
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Dimensions
11 69,5
40 ø17
M10x60
191
158
138
100
13 max ø14
14
114
230
Auxiliary contact brought out via dual-core (2 x 1 mm) cable 1HSA440000-E and 1HSA440000-L
30
76
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EXCOUNT-II
Remote wireless monitoring and diagnostics
EXCOUNT-II is our remote wireless monitoring and which facilitates download of the measured data from the transceiver
diagnostics product combining outstanding looks with the and permits analysis and reporting of the collected information.
most extensive and powerful features. Included are a variety
of surge counting features together with all the essential Surge registration
EXCOUNT-II does more than just count surges. It also registers the
leakage current measurement functions. EXCOUNT-II
date and time as well as amplitude of the surge each time the arrester
enables users to keep track of overvoltages in the network
has discharged a current over 10 A. Time and amplitude measurement
as well as providing state-of-the art on-line condition
gives the user better information about overvoltages in the network
monitoring of arresters. and the operation of the arrester.
Technical data
General characteristics
Climatic conditions Sealed water-tight design, IP67
Short-circuit capability 65 kA according to IEC 60099-4
Power supply Built-in solar cells and field probe (battery alternative for indoor use)
Surge registration
Minimum counting threshold (8/20 μs) 10 A
10 – 99 A
100 – 999 A
1 000 – 4 999 A
5 000 – 9 999 A
Amplitude classification (8/ 20 μs) > 10 000 A
Time stamp Yes
Time resolution < 0.5 s
Memory capacity 1 000 registrations (wrap-around)
EXCOUNT-II versions
EXCOUNT-II verisons are available for two different frequencies depending on national regulations.
Contact Hitachi Energy for guidance.
Model Frequency
1HSA441 000-D for 868.35 MHz
1HSA441 000-E for 916.50 MHz
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Dimensions
01 Sensor
EXCOUNT-III
Remote real-time monitoring, diagnostics
and analysis
Hitachi Energy introduces the next generation of monitoring A web browser interface via an optical fibre connection permits online
equipment for surge arresters: EXCOUNT-III, utilizing unique interrogation and data analysis from each unit individually and is also
features previously unseen on the market. used for configuration setup. The introduction of smart grid and the
communication protocol IEC 61850 has made users more focused
Given that much of the other station equipment is already on integration with existing SCADA systems. EXCOUNT-III supports
this protocol and communicates remotely via the fibre optic cable to
being condition and activity monitored, there has been
permit the user to add signals into an existing data collection system.
a clear desire to include arresters as well. Not only does
EXCOUNT-III monitor the arrester itself, it can also give
Surge registration
an estimate of overvoltage occurring at nearby apparatus In addition to surge counting, a special feature of the advanced
within the arrester’s protection zone - providing valuable version is the registration of the surge amplitude and wave-steepness.
information about whether the protection against potentially This can be used to define the residual voltage across the arrester
damaging surges is sufficient or not. In this way, EXCOUNT- for the actual surge, which in turn can be used to better estimate
III provides the user with remote real-time monitoring overvoltages in the station for a more detailed evaluation of insulation
of arresters as well as useful input to the insulation co- coordination than has been possible in the past.
ordination of the station as a whole.
This added-value feature will help users to verify if they have adequate
With market pressure on utilities to obtain near 100% power availability, protection or if they need to reconsider their choice of arrester or even
taking all actions to avoid even a rare unplanned outage is considered increase the number of arresters in the station. Furthermore, there is
worthwhile. As users push their systems harder accordingly, it can be particular interest to correlate front time and overvoltage levels with
expected to see stresses from system events leading to the arresters pre-existing transformer monitoring equipment as a means to support
also being called upon to act more often than they perhaps did in the total system condition monitoring diagnostics.
past. Monitoring how they handle those stresses - as well as what
the consequences of those events are on the system itself - may Leakage current measurement and condition monitoring
be included as part of the user’s strategy for improving the overall EXCOUNT-III gives the user the possibility to measure both the total
availability. EXCOUNT-III has been developed with this strategy in leakage current as well as the resistive component of the current
mind. through the arrester. The measurement of the resistive current
especially gives a good indication of the arrester’s condition and
Design features fitness for continued service. With the aid of the SCADA system,
For each surge arrester it is fitted on, the advanced version (EXCOUNT- these measurements can readily be used to co-ordinate maintenance
IIIA) registers the total number of discharges, the surge amplitude and work and possible replacement in order to assist with minimizing
wave-steepness, the date and time of occurrence, the total leakage unnecessary and costly unplanned outages.
current as well as the resistive leakage current through the arrester
by thirdharmonic analysis (method B2 according to IEC 60099-5). Safe and secure
Using high speed sampling and sweep time, complete surge current EXCOUNT-III remote retrieval of data via the optical fibre cable
impulses at the arrester’s connection point are recorded and available eliminates the need for substation visits solely to monitor arrester
for analysis. condition, while also enabling the highest possible personnel safety
standard by not having to approach an energized arrester to perform
The standard version (EXCOUNT-IIIM) is available for users who do online diagnostic measurements. All components are housed in a
not desire to analyze the overvoltages in detail. With this, discharges sealed, weather-proof case, suitable for outdoor use. The base unit
are only categorized by their amplitude along with a date and time is mounted on the support structure and interconnected similar to
stamp of occurrence. Other generic features are the same between a traditional counter, while the separate field probe is fixed at the
the versions. bottom of the arrester. An external power connection from the station
auxiliary supply (100 - 250 V, AC or DC) as well as a fibre optic cable
connection are additionally to be provided by the user.
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Technical data
General characteristics
Climatic conditions Sealed water-tight design, IP67
Power supply 100-250 Volt, AC (50-60 Hz) or DC
Surge registration
Minimum counting threshold (8/ 20 μs) Adjustable 100 -1000 A
EXCOUNT-IIIM EXCOUNT-IIIA
Amplitude classification/measurement (8/20 μs) The surge amplitude is classified as follows: The surge amplitude is classified as follows:
Communication
Optical fibre connection Yes
Protocol IEC 61850, Ed. 2. TCP/IP with web server in the device
EXCOUNT-III versions
EXCOUNT-III is available in two versions, EXCOUNT-IIIM and EXCOUNT-IIIA.
EXCOUNT-IIIM EXCOUNT-IIIA
General characteristics
Online real-time monitoring Yes Yes
Surge registration
Number of impulses Yes Yes
Impulse amplitude classification Yes Yes
Time stamp Yes Yes
Surge analytics
Advanced surge analytics - Yes
Impulse amplitude measurement - Yes
Wave steepness - Yes
Overvoltage estimation - Yes
Dimensions
04 Field probe
01 EXCOUNT-IIIM/ IIIA
05 Field probe
02 EXCOUNT-IIIM/ IIIA
03 EXCOUNT-IIIM/IIIA
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02 PEXLIM surge arresters protecting a 420 kV power transformer in Sweden 03 TEXLIM surge arresters connected to the line entrance
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04 PEXLIM surge arresters protecting a cable entrance 05 EXLIM surge arresters protecting a 420 kV power transformer
Purchase order
Project Handled by email/ fax Tener reference number if any
Inspection of routine tests Routine test standard Documentation language Rating plate language Currency
Items
Quantity Arrester type designation
Delivery date (EXW) dddd-mm-yy Unit price (If known) Total price (If known)
Delivery date (EXW) dddd-mm-yy Unit price (If known) Total price (If known)
Delivery date (EXW) dddd-mm-yy Unit price (If known) Total price (If known)
It is recommended that the above form is used when ordering EXLIM/PEXLIM/TEXLIM surge arresters and accessories.
Send to: hv.surgearresters.sales@hitachienergy.com.
ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd.
Manufactured by/for a Hitachi Energy Company
We reserve the right to make technical changes We reserve all rights in this document and in
or modify the contents of this document the subject matter and illustrations contained
without prior notice. With regard to purchase therein. Any reproduction, disclosure to third
Hitachi Energy Sweden AB orders, the agreed particulars shall prevail. parties or utilization of its contents – in whole
Lyviksvägen 4 Hitachi Energy Ltd. does not accept any or in parts – is forbidden without prior written
771 80 Ludvika responsibility whatsoever for potential errors or consent of Hitachi Energy Ltd.
Sweden possible lack of information in this document.