SPHB205-MPI Tut Set2 (04112024)
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Q1. (a) Planck’s theory for quantized oscillators lead to the average energy
P∞ −nE0 /KB T n=0 nE0 e ⟨E⟩ = P ∞ −nE0 /KB T , where E0 is a fixed energy. n=0 e
Identify the numerator and denominator as binomial expansions and show that the ratio E0 is ⟨E⟩ = . exp[E0 /KB T] − 1
(b) The electric potential V at a point P at a distance d along the perpendicular central
πke R2 σ V ≈ for large d. d
1 Q2. (a) The matrix, C below has a zero eigenvalue.
−a −1 a+1 C= a + 1 −a , −1 −a a+1 −a
For design purposes, a second eigenvalue must be 3. For what values of a does this
