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    Experiment 5

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    Dareen

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Experiment 5

    Uploaded by

    Dareen
    3 views4 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    3 views4 pages

    Experiment 5

    Uploaded by

    Dareen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    Experiment (3): Investigation of Bernoulli's theorem (Venturi meter)

    Objectives:

    The main objectives of this experiment is

    1. To obtain the coefficient of discharge from experimental data by utilizing venturi meter and,

    2. Demonstrate the relation of pressure head, velocity head and static head and compare it with
    Bernoulli’s Theorem.

    3. Study the flow through the Venturi meter as a device of measuring the flow rate.

    4. To define relationship between Reynolds number and the coefficient of discharge.

    Apparatus:
    Procedure:
    1. Connect the Hydraulic bench outlet valve to obtain small flow such. Adjust the set
    outlet valve and/or top air chamber (by hand air pump) such that the water levels in all
    tubes of the manometer can be observed.

    2. Record flow rate, manometer readings and the total head at all points at different flow.

    Theory:

    1. Bernoulli’s Theorem: “The total head of flowing liquid between two points remains
    constant assuming there are no loss due to friction and no gain due to application of external
    work between the two points”.

    2. Bernoulli’s theorem Bernoulli's equation is applicable to the steady flow of an


    incompressible and inviscid fluid.

    3. Bernoulli’s equation shows that the sum of the three quantities:

    𝑃/𝜌𝑔 + 𝑉2 /2𝑔 +𝑍 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

    Where,

    𝑉2 /2𝑔 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

    𝑍 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 are constant.

    Therefore the three terms must be interchangeable so that, for example, if in a horizontal
    system the velocity head is increased then the pressure head must decrease.

    Venturi meter:
    Thus: between point 1 and 2 for example

    If the Bernoulli’s tube is horizontal, then Z1 = Z2 and if loss between point 1 and 2 is negligible
    then the equation becomes

    By applying Bernoulli’s equation from 1 to 3 and the mass balance one can get:

    Where,

    Qth: is the theoretical flow rate calculated from Bernoulli’s and the continuity equation.

    A1 and A3: are the cross sectional area at point 1 (inlet) and 3 (throat) as shown in the figure.

    hs1 (h1) and hs3 (h3) :are the pressure head difference, (P1 / ρg) and (P3 / ρg) respectively.
    But the actual flow rate is different from the one calculated by the above equation. The discharge
    coefficient of the Venturi, Cd, will be introduced as:

    Where,

    Qact: Is the actual flow rate measured experimentally.

    Then the Venturi meter equation in its final form will be:

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