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Índex
1. Introduction What are Climate Changes? Understanding the Science of Climate Change 2. Causes of Climate Change Intensified Greenhouse Effect Human Activities Deforestation Industrialization and Urbanization 3. Consequences of Climate Change Rising Global Temperature Extreme Weather Events Sea Level Rise Impacts on Biodiversity Impacts on Human Health 4. Mitigation and Adaptation Conclusion The Urgency of Action Introduction Climate change represents one of the biggest global crises today. Characterized by long-term changes in Earth's climate patterns, they are mainly caused by the intensification of the greenhouse effect, resulting from human activities. Understanding the causes, consequences and possible solutions to climate change is fundamental to ensuring the sustainability of the planet and the well- being of future generations.
Understanding the Science of Climate Change
1.Greenhouse effects Natural process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere,warming the planet 2.Increased greenhouse effects Human activitieslike,burning fossil fuels,release excessive greenhouse gases,amplifying the natural effect 3.Global warming The trapped heat leads to a gradual rise in earth’s average tempeture,causing Causes
Intensified Greenhouse Effect: The
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), traps the sun's heat, raising the planet's temperature. Human activities:burning fossil fuels,cutting down forests and farming livestock Deforestation: Deforestation reduces the ability of forests to absorb CO2, contributing to an increase in the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere. Industrialization and Urbanization: Industrial activities and urban expansion release large amounts of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Consequences
Increase in Global Temperature:
Global warming causes a series of impacts, such as more intense and frequent heat waves, prolonged droughts and forest fires. Extreme Weather Events: Increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, storms and floods. Rising Sea Levels: Melting glaciers and polar ice caps contribute to rising sea levels, threatening coastal cities and islands.
Impacts on Biodiversity
Habitat Loss and Degradation:
Rising sea levels: Coastal habitats, such as mangroves and coral reefs, are threatened by rising sea levels, leading to habitat loss and erosion. Changes in precipitation patterns: Altered rainfall patterns can create droughts or floods, affecting the availability of water for plants and animals. Ocean acidification: Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are absorbed by the oceans, leading to ocean acidification, which harms marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells. Impacts on human healthy Direct Impacts: Heat-related illnesses: Extreme heat events can lead to heatstroke, dehydration, and other heat-related illnesses, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and those with underlying health conditions. Extreme weather events: Storms, floods, and wildfires can cause injuries, fatalities, and displacement, as well as damage to infrastructure and healthcare facilities. Air pollution: Climate change can exacerbate air pollution, leading to respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and other health issues. Water scarcity: Changes in precipitation patterns can lead to water scarcity, affecting access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. Indirect Impacts: Food insecurity: Climate change can disrupt agriculture and reduce crop yields, leading to food insecurity and malnutrition, particularly in vulnerable regions. Vector-borne diseases: Warmer temperatures can expand the range of mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects, increasing the transmission of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Zika. Mental health impacts: Climate change-related disasters and disruptions can have a significant impact on mental health, leading to stress, anxiety, and depression. Mitigation and Adaptation
Mitigation: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by transitioning to renewable energy sources, increasing energy efficiency and adopting sustainable agricultural practices. Adaptation: Develop strategies to deal with the inevitable impacts of climate change, such as building resilient infrastructure, managing water resources and early warning systems.
