Lic Lab Manual

EC3462 -LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LABORATORY MANUAL
EX.NO:1(a) CURRENT SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

DATE:
AIM:
To design the current series amplifier with feedback and without feedback and study
the frequency response of amplifier.
COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Name of the Component /

Sl. No. Range / Specifications Quantity
Equipment
1. Power Supply (0 – 30 V) 1
2. CRO (0 – 30 MHz) 1
3. Function Generator (0 – 3 MHz) 1
4. Resistor 47K Ω , 10K Ω , 2.2K Ω Each 1
560Ω
5. Capacitor 0.1µF 2
6. Transistor BC 107 1
7. Bread board - 1
8. Connecting wires - As required
THEORY:
An amplifier whose fraction of output is fed back to the input is called feedback
amplifier. A feedback amplifier consists of two parts namely amplifier circuit and feedback
circuit. Depending upon whether the feedback signal increases or decreases the input signal it is
classified into two i. Positive Feedback – If the feedback signal is in phase with the input signal
.ii Negative feedback – If the feedback signal is out of p h a s e w i t h the input signal. The
positive feedback increases the gain of the amplifier whereas the negative feedback decreases the
gain. In the current series feedback connection a fraction of the output current is converted into
a proportional voltage by the feedback network and then applied in series with the input.
DESIGN:
Vcc=10V, Ic=2mA, β=200, Vce=Vcc/2=10/2=5V
Ve=Vcc/10=10/10=1V.
Re=Ve/Ie=1/2m=500Ω≈560Ω
Vrc = Vcc-Vce-Ve = 10-5-1 = 4V.
Rc = Vrc/Ic=4/2m=2KΩ≈2.2kΩ
To find R1 & R2
VB = VBE + VE
= 0.7 + 1
VB = 1.7V
1 Prepared by
KGiSL Institute of Technology Ms. S. Ramya, AP/ECE
w.k.t I1 = 10 IB
IB = I1 / 10
IC = β IB
IC = β I1 / 10
IE = β I1 / 10
(IC = IE )
From the circuit I1 = VE / R2
IE = β VE / 10R2
R2 = β VE / 10 IE
R2 = β RE / 10
R2 = 10KΩ
VB = R2Vcc / (R1 + R2)
1.7 = 10 x 103 x 10 / R1 + 10 x 103
1.7 R1 + 17 x 103 = 100 x 103
R1 = 48.82K
R1 = 47KΩ
PROCEDURE:
1. The connections are done as shown in the diagram.

2. The input voltage is set to a fixed value.
3. Vary the frequency and note down the output voltage.
4. Repeat the same with feedback.
5. Calculate the gain and plot the graph.
2 Prepared by
PIN DIAGRAM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Without Feedback
WithFeedback
MODEL GRAPH
3 Prepared by
TABULATION: Without feedback Vi =_____in volts
S.No FREQUENCY in Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN = 20 log(Vo/Vi)in dB

Vo in volts
TABULATION: With feedback Vi =_____in volts

Vo in volts
4 Prepared by
RESULT:
The frequency response of current series amplifier with and without feedback is
experimented, recorded and the Bandwidth is calculated using graphical plot.
BandWidth(without feedback) = ________________.
BandWidth (with feedback) = ________________.
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EX.NO: 1(b) VOLTAGE SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

DATE:
AIM:
To design the voltage shunt amplifier with feedback and without feedback and
study the frequency response of amplifier.

Equipment
2. CRO (0 – 30 MHz) 1
3. Function Generator (0 – 3 MHz) 1
4. Resistor 10KΩ,4.7KΩ, Each 1
1KΩ,1.5KΩ
5. Capacitor 1µF,0.1µF 2,1
6. Transistor SL100 1
7. Bread board - 1
THEORY:
An amplifier whose fraction of output is fed back to the input is called feedback
amplifier. A feedback amplifier consists of two parts namely amplifier circuit and feedback
circuit. Depending upon whether the feedback signal increases or decreases the input signal
it is classified into two i. Positive Feedback – If the feedback signal is in phase with the
input signal .ii Negative feedback – If the feedback signal is out of p h a s e w i t h the input
signal. The positive feedback increases the gain of the amplifier whereas the negative
feedback decreases the gain. In the voltage shunt feedback connection a fraction of the
output voltage is applied in parallel with the input voltage through the feedback network
The voltage shunt feedback connection decreases both input and output resistances of the
feedback amplifier by a factor equal to (1+ βAv).
DESIGN:
Vcc = 12V ; Ic = 1mA ; Ie ≈ Ic = 1mA
Vce = Vcc / 2 = 6V
Vre = 0.1Vcc =0.1*12 = 1.2V
Re = Vre / Ie=1.2 / 1m= 1.2KΩ
Vcc = IcRc + Vce + Vre
Rc = ( Vcc – Vbe – Vre ) / Ic
= (12 - 1.2 - 6) / 1m) ≈ 4.7KΩ

6 Prepared by
VR2 = (Vcc * R2) / ( R1 + R2 )
R1 = 5.3 R2Assume R2 = 1KΩ , Therefore R1 ≈5KΩ
PIN DIAGRAM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Without Feedback
7 Prepared by
With Feedback
MODEL GRAPH
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TABULATION: Without feedback Vi =_____in volts

Vo in volts
TABULATION: With feedback Vi =_____in volts

Vo in volts
PROCEDURE :
1. The connections are done as shown in the diagram.

2. The input voltage is set to a fixed value.
3. Vary the frequency and note down the output voltage.
4. Repeat the same with feedback.
5. Calculate the gain and plot the graph.
RESULT:
The frequency response of voltage amplifier with and without feedback is

experimented, output is recorded and the Bandwidth is calculated using graphical plot.
BandWidth(without feedback) = ________________.
BandWidth (with feedback) = ________________.
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EX.NO:2(a) RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

DATE:
AIM:
To design and construct a RC phase shift oscillator.
Name of the
Sl. No. Component / Range / Specifications Quantity
Equipment
2. CRO (0 – 30 MHz) 1
Resistor 69K Ω , 10K Ω , 4K Ω, 1KΩ, Each 1
3.
2.2K Ω
6. Bread board - 1
THEORY:
Oscillator is a feedback circuit where a fraction of output voltage of an amplifier
is fed back to the input in the same phase. RC phase shift oscillators are a sine wave
oscillator which is used in the audio frequency range. It has a CE amplifier ,which
provides 180°.phase shift to the input signal and three frequency selective RC phase
shift networks provides a phase shift of 60°of each , a total of 180° for a signal with
frequency equal to specific value, which corresponds to the output of the oscillator.
Thus the total phase shift between the input and output is 360°.The frequency of
oscillation is given by
f = 1/( 2 Π RC √(6+4K) )
DESIGN:
VCC = 20 V, IE = 2mA, hfe = 100

VCE = VCC /2 = 10 V
VE = VCC /10 = 2 V
RE = VvE / IE = VE / IC 2/2m
RE = 1KΩ
RC = Vcc – Vce – Ve / Ic
RC = 20 – 10 – 2 / 2 x 10-3
RC = 4KΩ
TO FIND R1 & R2
10 Prepared by
VB = VBE + VE
= 0.7 + 2
VB = 2.7V
w.k.t I1 = 10 IB
IB = I1 / 10
IC = β IB
IC = β I1 / 10
IE = β I1 / 10 (IC = IE )
From the ckt I1 = VE / R2
IE = β VE / 10R2
R2 = β VE / 10 IE
R2 = β RE / 10
R2 = 10KΩ
VB = R2Vcc / R1 + R2
2.7 = 10 x 103 x 20 / R1 + 10 x 103
2.7 R1 + 27 x 103 = 200 x 103

R1 = 64KΩ
FREQUENCY:
F = 1/(2πRC)*1/(√(6+4(RC +R))
From circuit, R = 2.2KΩ, C = 0.01µF
F = 1/(2π*2.2K*0.01µ*√(6+4(4K/2.2K)) = 1.98 KHz.
PIN DIAGRAM:
11 Prepared by
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
12 Prepared by
OBSERVATION
S.No Amplitude in volts Time period (ms) (T) Frequency in Hz ( f= 1/ T)
PROCEDURE:
1. The connection is made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Set the RPS to 20Volts.
3. Observe the output and measure the time period of the output waveform Vo ,
determine the frequency and trace it
4. Plot the output on a graph sheet.
5. Compare the experimental value with the theoretical value of output frequency.
RESULT:
The RC phase shift oscillator is designed, experimented and the output is recorded at the
frequency f = _________ KHz
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EX.NO:2(b) WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

DATE:
AIM:
To design and perform the Wein Bridge Oscillator.
Name of the
Equipment
1 Transistor BC 107 2
10K  4
1 K 3
2 Resistor
2.2 K  2
33 K  ,6.8 K  ,3K  Each 1
10 µF,0.01µF 2
3 Capacitors
100 µF 1
4 RPS (0-30)V 1
5 Potentio meter 4K  1
6 CRO (0-30)MHz 1
7 Bread board - 1
8 Connecting wires - As required
THEORY:
The wein bridge oscillator is a standard circuit for generating low frequencies in
the range of 10 Hz to about 1MHz.The method used for getting +ve feedback in wein
bridge oscillator is to use two stages of an RC-coupled amplifier. Since one stage of
the RC-coupled amplifier introduces a phase shift of 180 deg, two stages will
introduces a phase shift of 360 deg. At the frequency of oscillations f the +ve
feedback network shown in fig makes the input & output in the phase. The frequency
of oscillations is given as
f =1/2π√( R1C1R2C2 )
DESIGN:
Let C1=0.1µF; C3=0.001µF; C4=1µF
Bridge network: f=4 KHZ; C1=0.1µf
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Let R4=300Ω,
f = 1 / (2*∏*R*C)
R= 1 / (2*∏*0.1*10-3*4*103)
R1=R2= 398KΩ
For the balanced bridge,
R1 * R4 = R2 * R3
R3 = 9 KΩ
R4 = 300 KΩ
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE:
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1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Feed the output of the oscillator to a C.R.O by making adjustments in the Potentiometer
connected in the +ve feedback loop, try to obtain a stable sine Wave.
3. Measure the time period of the waveform obtained on CRO. & calculate the Frequency
of oscillations.
4. Repeat the procedure for different values of capacitance.
MODEL WAVE FORM:
RESULT:
The wein bridge oscillator is designed, experimented and the output is recorded at the
16 Prepared by
EX.NO:3(a) HARTLEY OSCILLATOR

DATE:
AIM:
To design and perform the Hartley oscillator.

Equipment
2. CRO (0 – 30 MHz) 1
3. Resistor 100K Ω , 22K Ω ,4K Ω, Each 1
1KΩ
4. Capacitor 0.01µF,22 µF 3,1
5. Inductor 60 mH 2
7. Bread board - 1
THEORY:
It is a sinusoidal oscillator which uses a single tapped coil having two parts
named L1 and L2.The tank circuit also includes a capacitor. The centre point of L1
and L2 is grounded. They are inductively coupled and form an auto transformer or a
split tank inductor. Feedback between the input and output circuit is accomplished
through the autotransformer action which gives 180ο phase shift .The transistor
introduces 180ο phase shift, therefore the total phase shift is 360ο and hence the
feedback is positive or regenerative. In The circuit R1 and R2 form a voltage divider
for providing base bias and RE is an emitter swamping resistor to add stability to the
circuit. When Vcc is applied, an initial bias is established by R1 and R2 and
oscillations are produced because of positive feedback from the LC tank circuit.
DESIGN:
Vcc = 10 V :Ie = 1mA., hfe = 200, Vce = Vcc/2 = 5 V
Ve = Vcc/10 = 1 V :Re = Ve/Ie = 2/2m :Re = 1KΩ
Rc = Vcc – Vce – Ve / Ic
= 10 – 5 – 1 / 1 x 10-3
17 Prepared by
Rc = 4KΩ
To find R1 & R2
VB = VBE + VE
0.7 + 1
VB = 1.7V
w.k.t I1 = 10 IB
IB = I1 / 10
IC = β IB
IC = β I1 / 10
IE = β I1 / 10 (IC = IE )
From the ckt I1 = VE / R2
IE = β VE / 10R2
R2 = β VE / 10 IE
R2 = β RE / 10
R2 = 22KΩ
1.7 = 20 x 103 x 10 / R1 + 20 x 103
1.7 R1 + 17 x 103 = 200 x 103

R1 = 97.6K
R1 = 100KΩ
FREQUENCY:
L1 = L2 = 60mH, C = 0.01µF
F = 1/(2π√(LC))
L = L1+L2 = 0.12H
F = 1/(2π√(0.12*0.01µ)) = 4.59 KHz
18 Prepared by
PIN DIAGRAM:
BC547
CBE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH
19 Prepared by
OBSERVATION
PROCEDURE:

3. Observe the output and measure the time period of the output waveform Vo
, determine the frequency and trace it
RESULT:
The Hartley oscillator is designed, experimented and the output is recorded at the
20 Prepared by
EX.NO:3(b) COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

DATE:
AIM:
To design and perform a Colpitts oscillator.
Name of the
Equipment
2. CRO (0 – 30 MHz) 1
3. Resistor 100K Ω , 22K Ω ,4K Ω Each 1
Ω 1KΩ
5. Inductor 60 mH 1
7. Bread board - 1
THEORY:
A colpitts oscillator is to generate sine wave in the frequency range 1-
500Mhz.It uses a LC tuned circuit with a CE amplifier to obtain oscillations. The
feedback consists of two capacitors C1 and C2 and an inductor L.The Resistors
R1 , R2 and RE provide dc bias to the transistor. The feedback between the
output and input circuit is accomplished by the voltage developed across the capacitor
C2 Feedback between the input and output circuit is 180ο phase shift .The transistor
introduces 180ο phase shift, therefore the total phase shift is 360ο and hence the
feedback is positive or regenerative. When Vcc is applied, an initial bias is
established by R1 and R2 , the capacitors C1 and C2 are charged . The capacitors
discharge through the coil (L) which sets up the frequency of oscillations, f = 1/( 2 Π
√(L Ceq)) where Ceq= C1 C2 / C1+ C2.
The oscillations across the capacitor C2 is fed back to the base-emitter junction and
appear in an amplified form at the collector.
DESIGN:
Vcc = 10 V :Ie = 1mA., hfe = 200, Vce = Vcc/2 = 5 V

Ve = Vcc/10 = 1 V :Re = Ve/Ie = 2/2m :Re = 1KΩ
Rc = Vcc – Vce – Ve / Ic
= 10 – 5 – 1 / 1 x 10-3
Rc = 4KΩ
21 Prepared by
TO FIND R1 & R2
VB = VBE + VE
= 0.7 + 2
VB = 1.7V
w.k.t I1 = 10 IB
IB = I1 / 10
IC = β IB,IC = β I1 / 10
IE = β I1 / 10 (IC = IE
) From the ckt I1 = VE / R2
IE = β VE / 10R2
R2 = β VE / 10 IE
R2 = β RE / 10
R2 = 22KΩ
1.7 = 20 x 103 x 10 / R1 + 20 x 103
1.7 R1 + 17 x 103 = 200 x 103

R1 =
97.6K,
R1 =
100KΩ
FREQUENCY:
L = 60mH, C1 = C2 = 0.01µF
F = 1/(2π√(LC))
C = C1C2/(C1+C2) = (0.01µ)2 /(0.01µ+0.01µ) = 5nF

F = 1/(2π√(60m*5n)) = 9.188 KHz
22 Prepared by
PIN DIAGRAM:
BC547
CB
E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH
23 Prepared by
PROCEDURE:

3. Observe the output and measure the time period of the output waveform Vo ,
determine the frequency and trace it
OBSERVATION
RESULT:
The colpitts oscillator is designed, experimented and the output is recorded at the
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EX.NO:4 RC INTEGRATOR AND DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUITS

DATE:
USING OP-AMP
AIM:
To design and implement the RC Integrator and Differentiator Integrator using Op-
Amp.
Name of the Component / Range /

Sl. No. Quantity
Equipment Specifications
1 Function generator (0 – 3MHz) 1
2 CRO (0-30MHz) 1
3 Resistor 1K / 100K 1
4 Capacitor 0.1F 1
5 Bread board - 1
6 Connecting wires Accordingly
THEORY:
(i) Differentiator:
The high pass RC network acts as a differentiator whose output voltage depends
upon the differential of input voltage. Its output voltage of the differentiator can be
expressed as,
d
Vout = Vin
dt
(ii) Integrator:
The low pass RC network acts as an integrator whose output voltage depends upon
the integration of input voltage. Its output voltage of the integrator can be expressed as,
Vout = Vin dt
DESIGN:
(ii) Differentiator:
f = 1KHz
 = RC = 1ms
If C = 0.1F
25 Prepared by
Then R = 10K
For T << , Choose R = 1K and
For T >> , Choose R = 100K
(ii) Integrator:
f = 1KHz
 = RC = 1ms
If C = 0.1F
Then R = 10K
For T << , Choose R = 1K and
For T >> , Choose R = 100K
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
(i) Differentiator:
(iii)Integrator:
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2. Set Vin = 5V and f = 1KHz.
3. Observe the Output waveform and plot the graph.
MODEL GRAPH:
26 Prepared by
(iv) Differentiator
(v) Integrator
RESULT:
The RC Differentiator and Integrator circuits are experimented and their output
waveforms are plotted.
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EX.NO:5 CLIPPERS AND CLAMPERS

DATE:
AIM:
To design and implement Clippers and Clampers circuits.
Name of the Component / Range /

Sl. No. Quantity
Equipment Specifications
1. Function / Pulse generator (0 – 3MHz) 1
2. CRO (0-30MHz) 1
3. Resistor 1K / 100K 1
4. Capacitor 0.1F 1
5. Bread board - 1
6. Connecting wires Accordingly
THEORY :
Clipper:
This circuit is basically a rectifier circuit, which clips the input waveform according
to the required specification. The diode acts as a clipper. There are several clippers like
positive clipper, negative clipper, etc. Depending upon the connection of diode it can be
classified as series and shunt.
Clamper:
The clamper circuit is a type of wave shaping circuit in which the DC level of the
input signal is altered. The DC voltage is varied accordingly and it is classified as positive
clamper or negative clamper accordingly.
28 Prepared by
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Clipper:
(a) Series Positive Clipper:

D
1N4007 CRO
Vin=5V R
f=1KHz 10K
(b) Series Negative Clipper:

D
1N4007 CRO
Vin=5V R
f=1KHz 10K
(c) Positive Biased Series Positive Clipper:
29 Prepared by
(d) Positive Biased Series Negative Clipper:
(e) Negative Biased Series Positive Clipper:
(f) Negative Biased Series Negative Clipper:
30 Prepared by
(g) Combinational Clipper
(iv) Clamper:
(a) Positive Clamper:
(b) Negative Clamper:
31 Prepared by
MODEL GRAPH
32 Prepared by
RESULT:
The Clipper and Clamper circuits are experimented and their output waveforms are
plotted.
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EX.NO:10 TUNED COLLECTOR OSCILLATOR USING PSPICE

DATE:
AIM:
To implement the Tuned Collector Oscillator using PSPICE.
HARDWARE/SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. PSPICE
2. PC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Tuned collector oscillation is a type of transistor LC oscillator where the tuned circuit
(tank) consists of a transformer and a capacitor is connected in the collector circuit of the
transistor. Tuned collector oscillator is of course the simplest and the basic type of LC
oscillators. The tuned circuit connected at the collector circuit behaves like a purely
resistive load at resonance and determines the oscillator frequency. The common
applications of tuned collector oscillator are RF oscillator circuits, mixers, frequency
demodulators, signal generators etc.
F = 1/[2π√(L1C1)]
34 Prepared by
PROCEDURE:
1. We are using Pspice evaluation package and Vdc as input source.

2. Select Program OrCAD 9.2 Capture click to get the component file.
3. Select the parts one by one and place them in the work area.
4. Arrange the parts and make connections using wire.
5. Save the circuit as file.
6. Click Pspice before which place the voltage marker at the i/p and o/p sides.
7. Click Pspice New simulation profile  open analysis  setup time domain
analysis  change Run to time  give O.K.
8. Open Pspice  create Netlist to make sure that there are no wiring errors.
9. If there is no error, then open Pspice  click Run  click Plot  add plot to
window  Cut and paste the waveforms.
SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM
RESULT:
The Tuned Collector Oscillator is simulated using PSPICE.
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EX.NO:11 TWIN -T OSCILLATOR AND WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

DATE: USING PSPICE
AIM:
To implement the Twin -T Oscillator and Wein Bridge Oscillator using PSPICE.
1. PSPICE
2. PC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TWIN -T OSCILLATOR
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WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
THEORY:
Oscillators are one of the basic building blocks of electronics. The purpose of the oscillator
is to generate alternating currents from a direct current supply. Oscillators can generate
very low, sub-audible frequencies and very high frequencies in the microwave radio
frequency range. This activity uses a simple audio oscillator called the twin-T oscillator.
Two of the oscillators are set at fixed frequencies and one oscillator can have its frequency
varied through a small range.
The wein bridge oscillator is a standard circuit for generating low frequencies in the range
of 10 Hz to about 1MHz.The method used for getting +ve feedback in wein bridge
oscillator is to use two stages of an RC-coupled amplifier. Since one stage of the RC-
coupled amplifier introduces a phase shift of 180 deg, two stages will introduces a phase
shift of 360 deg. At the frequency of oscillations f the +ve feedback network shown in fig
makes the input & output in the phase. The frequency of oscillations is given as
f =1/2π√R1C1R2C2
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PROCEDURE:

SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM -TWIN -T OSCILLATOR
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SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM -WEIN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
RESULT:
The Twin -T Oscillator and Wein Bridge Oscillators are simulated using PSPICE.
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EX.NO: 12 DOUBLE AND STAGGER TUNED AMPLIFIERS USING PSPICE
DATE:
AIM:
To implement the double and stagger tuned amplifiers using PSPICE.
1. PSPICE
2. PC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
DOUBLE TUNED AMPLIFIER :
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STAGGER TUNED AMPLIFIER
THEORY:
A tuned circuit at output of amplifier is coupled to next stage by another tuned circuit at
input of succeeding stage with controlled coupling makes a double tuned amplifier.When
coupling coefficient Kc = 1/√(Q01.Q02) is called critical coupling and response looks like a
single tuned circuit. Inductance of primary shall be Lp=M where M=bMc. B=coupling
coefficient Mc=mutual inductance at critical coupling.When loosely coupled the amplifier
gives lower BW. When over coupled bandwidth BW increases with a dip at center in W
shape. 3dB BW = 0/Q √((b2-1) ± 2b) Double tuned amplifier gives nearly 3 times BW of
single stage.
Stager tuning is employed to achieve large bandwidth in cascading without aiming increase
of gain.Generally odd numbers of stages are employed. One at the center of required band
and two either side at equidistant in frequency intervals in pairs. All amplifiers so stager
tuned have same BW but different tuned frequency as required.
PROCEDURE:

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SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM DOUBLE TUNED AMPLIFIER:
SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM STAGGER TUNED AMPLIFIER:
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RESULT:
The double tuned and stager tuned amplifiers are simulated using PSPICE.
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EX.NO:13 BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

DATE: USING PSPICE
AIM:
To implement the bistable multivibrator using PSPICE.
1. PSPICE
2. PC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR:
THEORY:
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The bistable multivibrator has two stable states. The multivibrator can exist
indefinitely in either of the twostable states. It requires an external trigger pulse to change
from one stable state to another. The circuit remains in one stable state until an external
trigger pulse is applied. The bistable multivibrator is used for the performance of many
digital operations such as counting and storing of binary information. The multivibrator
also finds an applications in generation and pulse type waveform.
SIMULATION OUTPUT WAVEFORM
PROCEDURE:

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RESULT:
The Bistable multivibrator is simulated using PSPICE.
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EX.NO: 14 SCHMITT TRIGGER WITH PREDICTABLE HYSTERESIS

USING PSPICE
DATE:
AIM:
To implement the schmitt trigger using PSPICE.
1. PSPICE
2. PC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
schmitt trigger is a threshold circuits with positive feedback having a loop gain> 1. The
circuit is named "trigger" because the output retains its value until the input
changes sufficiently to trigger a change: in the non-inverting configuration,
when the input is higher than a certain chosen threshold (UTP), the output is
high; when the input is below a different (lowe r) chosen threshold (LTP), the
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output is low; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value. This dual
threshold action is called hysteresis and implies that the Schmitt trigger possesses
memory a n d c a n a c t a s a bistable circuit (latch).
PROCEDURE:

SIMULATION INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM
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RESULT:
The Schmitt Trigger is simulated using PSPICE.
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EC3462 -LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LABORATORY MANUAL

EX.NO:1(a) CURRENT SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Name of the Component /

Vrc = Vcc-Vce-Ve = 10-5-1 = 4V.

VB = R2Vcc / (R1 + R2)

1.7 = 10 x 103 x 10 / R1 + 10 x 103

1.7 R1 + 17 x 103 = 100 x 103

1. The connections are done as shown in the diagram.

TABULATION: Without feedback Vi =_____in volts

S.No FREQUENCY in Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN = 20 log(Vo/Vi)in dB

TABULATION: With feedback Vi =_____in volts

S.No FREQUENCY in Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN = 20 log(Vo/Vi)in dB

BandWidth(without feedback) = ________________.

BandWidth (with feedback) = ________________.

EX.NO: 1(b) VOLTAGE SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Name of the Component /

Vcc = 12V ; Ic = 1mA ; Ie ≈ Ic = 1mA

Vre = 0.1Vcc =0.1*12 = 1.2V

Re = Vre / Ie=1.2 / 1m= 1.2KΩ

Vcc = IcRc + Vce + Vre

Rc = ( Vcc – Vbe – Vre ) / Ic

= (12 - 1.2 - 6) / 1m) ≈ 4.7KΩ

VR2 = (Vcc * R2) / ( R1 + R2 )

R1 = 5.3 R2Assume R2 = 1KΩ , Therefore R1 ≈5KΩ

TABULATION: Without feedback Vi =_____in volts

S.No FREQUENCY in Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN = 20 log(Vo/Vi)in dB

TABULATION: With feedback Vi =_____in volts

S.No FREQUENCY in Hz OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN = 20 log(Vo/Vi)in dB

1. The connections are done as shown in the diagram.

The frequency response of voltage amplifier with and without feedback is

BandWidth(without feedback) = ________________.

BandWidth (with feedback) = ________________.

EX.NO:2(a) RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

VCC = 20 V, IE = 2mA, hfe = 100

2.7 = 10 x 103 x 20 / R1 + 10 x 103

2.7 R1 + 27 x 103 = 200 x 103

S.No Amplitude in volts Time period (ms) (T) Frequency in Hz ( f= 1/ T)

1. The connection is made as per the circuit diagram.

EX.NO:2(b) WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Let C1=0.1µF; C3=0.001µF; C4=1µF

Bridge network: f=4 KHZ; C1=0.1µf

For the balanced bridge,

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

MODEL WAVE FORM:

EX.NO:3(a) HARTLEY OSCILLATOR

To design and perform the Hartley oscillator.

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Name of the Component /

1.7 = 20 x 103 x 10 / R1 + 20 x 103

1.7 R1 + 17 x 103 = 200 x 103

S.No Amplitude in volts Time period (ms) (T) Frequency in Hz ( f= 1/ T)

1. The connection is made as per the circuit diagram.

EX.NO:3(b) COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

To design and perform a Colpitts oscillator.

COMPONENTS / EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: